单选题What does the author say about the emic approach and the etic approach?
单选题A.Toapplyforastudentloan.B.Todiscusswhichuniversitytochoose.C.Tosignupforawork-studyprogram.D.Tofindoutwhichcollegeswouldaccepthim.
单选题Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
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单选题According to the text, if a person never forgot ______.
单选题All of the following death penalty methods are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT ______.
单选题 "The world's environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss."
If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a
long list of complaints: from local smog (烟雾) to global climate change, from the
felling (砍伐) of forests to the extinction of species. The list would largely be
accurate, the concern legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the
highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The
surprise is how good things are, not how bad. After all, the
world's population has more than tripled during this century, and world output
has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected.
Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they
did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty
disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous. But they
don't. The reasons why they don't, and why the environment has not been mined,
have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government
regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why today's environmental
problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable.
Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically,
one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and
man is very ingenious. What has happened is that every time a material seems to
be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for
new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked
for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have
fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices
fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability;
and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become
available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The
long-term trend has been downwards. It is where prices and
markets do not operate properly that this benign (良性的) trend be-gins to stumble,
and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment
healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in
conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.
单选题Gettysburge was the ______ of the most important battle in American Civil War.
单选题David likes country life and has decided to ______ farming.
单选题The United States has a major problem on its hands. True, Britain is facing a similar problem, but for the time being it is in America that it is graver. The only way to solve it is through education. Negroes (黑人) should know about the contributions that black individuals and groups have made towards building America. This is of vital importance for their self-respect; and it is perhaps even more important for white people to know. For if you believe that a man has no history worth mentioning, it is easy to assume that he has no value as a man. Many people believe that, since the Negro's achievements do not appear in the history books, he did not have any. Most people are taken aback when they learn that Negroes sailed with Columbus, marched with the Spanish conquerors of South America and fought side by side with white Americans in all their wars. People are astonished when you tell them about Phillis Wheatley, who learned English as a salve in Boston and wrote first-class poetry. They have never heard of Benjamin Banneker, a mathematician and a surveyor, who helped to plan the city of Washington. There has been a tendency all along to treat the black man as if he were invisible. Little has been written about the 5,000 American Negroes who fought in the Revolution against the British, but they were in every important battle. In the Anglo-American War of 1812, at least one out of every six men in the U.S. Navy was a Negro. In the Civil War, more than 200,000 black troops fought in the Union forces. How, then, did the image of the Negro as a valiant fighting man disappear? To justify the hideous institution of slavery, slave-holders had to create the myth of the docile, slow-witted Negro, incapable of self-improvement, and even contented with his lot. Nothing could be further from the truth. The slave fought for his freedom at every chance he got, and there were numerous uprisings. Yet the myth of docility persisted. There are several other areas where the truth has been twisted or concealed. Most people have heard of the Negro, Carver, who invented scores of new uses for the lowly peanut. But whoever heard of Norbert Rillieux, who in 1846 invented a vacuum pan that revolutionized the sugar-refining industry? Or of Elijah McCoy, who in 1872 invented the drip cup that feeds oil to the moving parts of heavy machinery? How many people know that Negroes ate credited with inventing such different items as ice creams, potato chips, the gas mask and the first' traffic light? Not many. As for the winning of the West, the black cowboy and the black frontiersman have been almost ignored, though film producers are becoming more aware of their importance. Yet in the typical trail crew of eight men that drove cattle from Texas to Kansas, at least two would have been Negroes. The black troops of the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry formed one-fifth of all the mounted troops assigned to protect the frontier after the Civil War. "What difference does it make?" you may ask. A lot. The cowboy is the American folk-hero. Youngsters identify with him instantly. The average cowboy film is really a kind of morality play, with good guys and bad guys and right finally triumphing over wrong. You should see the amazement and happiness on black youngsters' faces when they learn that their ancestors really had a part in all that.
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单选题Judging from the context, "inept" (Line 2, Para.3) probably means ______.
单选题University of York biologist Peter Mayhew recently found that global warming might actually increase the number of species on the planet, contrary to a previous report that higher temperatures meant fewer life forms—a report that was his own.
In Mayhew"s initial 2008 study, low biodiversity among marine invertebrates (无脊椎动物) appeared to coincide with warmer temperatures on Earth over the last 520 million years. But Mayhew and his colleagues decided to reexamine their hypothesis, this time using data that were "a fairer sample of the history of life". With this new collection of material, they found a complete reversal of the relationship between species richness and temperature from what their previous paper argued: The number of different groups present in the fossil record was higher, rather than lower, during "greenhouse phases".
Their previous findings rested on an assumption that fossil records can be taken to represent biodiversity changes throughout history. This isn"t necessarily the case, because there are certain periods with higher-quality fossil samples, and some that are much more difficult to sample well. Aware of this bias, Mayhew"s team used data that standardized the number of fossils examined throughout history and accounted for other variables like sea level changes that might influence biodiversity in their new study to see if their old results would hold up.
Two years later, the results did not. But then why doesn"t life increasingly emerge on Earth as our temperatures get warmer? While the switch may prompt some to assert that climate change is not hazardous to living creatures, Mayhew explained that the timescales in his team"s study are huge—over 500 million years—and therefore inappropriate for the shorter periods that we might look at as humans concerned about global warming. Many global warming concerns are focused on the next century, he said—and the lifetime of a species is typically one to 10 million years.
"I do worry that these findings will be used by the climate skeptic community to say "Look, climate warming is fine"," he said. Not to mention the numerous other things we seem to do to create a storm of threats to biodiversity—think of what habitat (栖息地) destruction, overfishing, and pollution can do for a species" viability (生存能力). Those things, Mayhew explained, give the organisms a far greater challenge in coping with climate change than they would have had in the absence of humans.
"If we were to relax all these pressures on biodiversity and allow the world to recover over millions of years in a warmer climate, then my prediction is it would be an improvement in biodiversity," he said. So it looks like we need to curb our reckless treatment of the planet first, if we want to eventually see a surge in the number of species on the planet as temperatures get warmer. We don"t have 500 million years to wait.
单选题There have been some changes in gender roles over the years. In the past, it was usually the men who ______ dates and paid all the expense. But now women may do the same, too.
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单选题His actions do not ______ to his words.