单选题Why Women Are Such Bad Net workers The champagne is not working. The pastry is just an embarrassing stain waiting to happen. You're trapped in a corner listening to your junior from accounts complain about his manager. In the centre of the room is the boss and swirling around him are the golden ones, confident, brazen in their ambition and male. Women are not natural net workers. We might be more capable in the workplace, but we are more likely than our male peers to hide our talents and ourselves behind the water cooler at the company. And this failure to chat is holding us back. More than 50 years after the second-wave feminists smashed their way into the workplace, corporate UK is still overwhelmingly male. Just 10 percent of board members of top 100 companies are women. Some 25 of Britain's biggest companies have no women at the top at all. "It's a complete scandal," says Professor Lynda Gratton, of the London Business School (LBS). "Only ;the most exceptional women make it to the board, yet the boards of UK companies are full of men who are not in the least bit exceptional. " Gordon Brown agrees. This week he suggested that companies could be threatened with "serious action" to ensure more women at the companies' boardroom, unless the "completely unacceptable" gender inequality was addressed. Did Brown feel the irony as he looked round his Cabinet table to find just four female faces? A study by the LBS found that a range of complicated factors were hampering women, including issues around childcare and a structural bias towards men in male-dominated organizations. But one key element in men's success appears to be their ability to network. "It's what you know and who you know," says Heather McGregor, director of search firm Taylor Bennett. A businesswoman's worth can be weighed by notions of "human capital"-quantitative achievements such as education or skills in the workplace, and "social capital", she says. But there is a more vague measure of who you know and how you plug into the complex human webs that bind companies and transmit knowledge." Women tend to lack social capital. Gaining it takes time and effort. " There are sound economic reasons for the importance of social capital-this is not just the old boys' club dressed up. Oliver Williamson won the Nobel Prize for Economics in 2009 for his work on transaction costs. One element of his research found that trust reduces transaction costs-in other words, if you're doing business with someone you know, the cost of doing it decreases. Jane Scott, the UK director of the Professional Boards Forum, which brings together women with boardroom potential and chairmen of major companies, says:" This is a sweeping generalization I know, but women don't attach as much importance to networking. Women do their jobs in a quiet professional manner and don't tell everybody what a good job they are doing. Headhunters tend to look for people who are visible." Head hunters, who select most of those who fill the positions in top 100 companies' boardrooms, are increasingly using a service called BoardEx to judge candidates. At huge cost to its clients, it profiles 380 , 000 businessmen and analyses their personal contacts. This is a web tool that works on the assumption that it's who you know that counts, and who they know that counts even more. If it's all starting to sound a bit unscruplous(不择手段的), then you need to change your female mindset, says Jessica Pryce-Jones, chief executive of iopener, the human asset management consultancy, and author of the management book Happiness at Work." I know one woman who hates networking because she thinks it is deeply manipulative, but it's about forming relationships that can be used to help others, and get help in return. You need to accept that it is a game. You are not helping your organization if you are in the corner hiding behind a pot plant." Networking is not all champagne and pastry. It involves planning and research as much as charm. Linda Duberley, a networking veteran, says:" It's loads of work and it's not for the fainthearted or the shy. But if you like it, it's incredibly compelling and irresistible." Duberley, who owns a media training business called Duberley Media, was on her way to speak at a charity lunch for women in London when I spoke to her yesterday." I have my charity work, my professional life and my personal life, and it's about knitting it all together and joining the dots. You insert yourself at a given point, spray your card around and meet people. Then you invite them on to something else. You have to be so disciplined with yourself. I carry a notebook around with me, always. " Pryce-Jones argues that women should be less ashamed about using networks, and trying to become more visible. "It's all about finding a strategy that works for you. It's about thinking I can't do the footy chat, and I'm damned if I'm going to talk about darts and drink beer. So perhaps it means volunteering within your organization, setting up some charitable initiative that gets you noticed. " There is no national framework of women's networks, but more a blend of formal events, such as the LBS Women in Business conferences, and semi-formal initiatives. McGregor organizes networking events such as an annual clay-shooting party for a mixed bag of female professionals- from bankers to entrepreneurs. With Sian Westerman, the Rothschild banker, she arranges breakfasts for senior women to meet over the latest collection of Anya Hind march handbags. As one attender puts it:" You have to bring something to the party and a certain level of glamour is expected. But you meet some incredible women, who can be really useful. " In a business world still dominated by men, networking solely with other women is not much use. Cynthia Carroll, the boss of Anglo-American, the top 100 mining company, got the top job after meeting the chairman, Sir Mark Moody- Stewart, at a breakfast meeting in Davos the annual World Economic Forum party in Switzerland. This is the ultimate business networking event, where shoulders are rubbed and deals are struck. At board level, it is an "absolute premise" to have contacts with other high-level players in business, says Helen Alexander, president of the Confederation of British Businesses and a nonexecutive director at Centrica and Rolls-Royce. Boardroom culture is key to women's success in breaking through, she argues, and a new generation of business leaders is committed to promoting talent wherever it is found. Alexander says: "It's not the old boys' thing that this has been in the past. It's important to have a broad vision of the world, it's about sharing war stories and habits and problems. " In 2002, Norway, which had similarly male boardrooms, introduced a quota system. Now, 40 percent of board members at Norwegian companies have to be female. A quota is not the answer, says the female, elected president of Britain's most influential business trade body. But, Alexander, admits, there is no simple, easy answer to bring about voluntary change in a male-dominated environment. As she says: "Recognizing talent in people like you is easy; recognizing it in people not like you is the hard bit./

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单选题Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. One of my favorite posters says, "Life is a test. It is only a test. Had this been a real life you would have been instructed where to go and what to do." Whenever I think of this humorous bit of wisdom, it reminds me not to take my life so seriously. When you look at life and its many challenges as a test, or series of tests, you begin to see each issue you face as an opportunity to grow, a chance to discover more about life. Whether you"re being bombarded (攻击;质问) with problems, responsibilities, even insurmountable (不能超越的) difficulties, when looked at as a test, you always have a chance to succeed, in the sense of rising above that which is challenging you. If, on the other hand, you see each new issue you face as a serious battle that must be won in order to survive, you"re probably in for a very rocky journey. The only time you"re likely to be happy is when everything is working out just right. And we all know how often that happens. As an experiment, see if you can apply this idea to something you are forced to deal with. Perhaps you have much pressure from your parents or you have a demanding boss. See if you can redefine the issue you face from being a "problem" to being a test. Rather than struggling with your issue, see if there is something you can learn from it. Ask yourself, "Why is this an issue in my life? What would it mean and what would be involved to rise above it? Could 1 possibly look at this issue any differently? Can I see it as a test of some kind?" If you give this strategy a try you may be surprised at your changed responses. It has become far more acceptable to me to accept things as they are.

单选题Faced with all the difficulties, the girl ______ her mother for comfort.

单选题Most Korean young people get plastic surgery______.

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单选题Almost everyone agrees that the ability to read and write should be a fundamental human right, extended to everyone. We understand that a person who cannot read is in thrall to (受…控 制， 影响) those who can. You cannot enter the developed world as a full human subject unless you can break and master the code of the word. Today, literacy doesn't stop with words and numbers. To enter social and political debates as a full participant, one must also break the thrall of the magic box and master its secrets. If we fail to adopt media literacy—a basic knowledge of how and why media images are chosen—as an essential goal of public cultural policy, we doom ourselves to be forever in the grip of the powerful interests who own and control the mass media. The global proliferation (激增) of electronic mass media has excited deep feeling and passionate debate. Most alarming to observers around the world has been the passivity the mass media seem to breed in most people; it displaces and undermines social life, community activities, and other creative pursuits. As a society, we need to foster a more dynamic relationship between the citizenry and the media; one that does not stop when the program ends and the TV is turned off. Achieving this will require starting from square one. People without some special interest in the field find it hard to grapple with (理解) the idea that media is a public and political issue. This is not surprising, since one of the things our mass media do best is pound home the inevitability of the way that they are currently organized, ideally suited to their role as the pep squad for our consumer society. Their self-ratifying quality makes it hard even to imagine that the media can be changed in any way. The massive complex of business interests that make up the mainstream media have been allowed to develop pretty much as they wish, in the pursuit of commercial success. Meanwhile, the essential public issue—the media role as our primary public forum, its tendency to erode democratic life—has been pushed further and further into the background. It is necessary that we think about and promote a public policy that looks at what role media should play in our society and how people can participate in shaping television and other mass media that affect all of our lives. Such a public policy could counter the imbalances that result from the domination of a country's cultural industries by commercial interests.

单选题The plan to evaluate teachers by test scores is regarded as ______ by the majority of leading testing experts in America.

单选题Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

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单选题According to this passage, those people disagree with the control of carbon dioxide because

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单选题How long did it take his big ideas to help pull Malays up from poverty ?

单选题What was the author's attitude towards the industry awards for quieter equipment?

单选题What is the possible meaning of the phrase "have fewer rights than prisoners" in Par

单选题The Board of Public Land Commissioners __________ upon a project for a 2,000-acre community on the city's outskirts.

单选题It can be inferred that the author of the passage ______.

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