单选题A.Becausecommunicationbecomesmoredifficult.B.Becausethestaffincallcenterareunder-qualified.C.Becausethestaffareunabletoanswerquestions.D.Becausethestaffarenot24hoursavailable.
单选题What is the most striking image to emerge from this autumn"s Occupy protests? Was it the campus police officer in Davis, California, casually pepper-spraying a line of seated protesters? Or the white-shirted cop in New York, doing the same to a pair of unarmed, penned-in women? Perhaps it was a street in Oakland, deserted except for protesters and a line of black-helmeted riot police, the silence broken when one of the cops fires a rubber bullet at a protester filming him. Protesters have complained, as ever, about police infiltration, but as these videos were made clear, protesters and other citizens are keeping their eyes on police, too.
More than two-thirds of Americans own digital cameras. Around one-third of adults own a smart phone. Most of these devices can record and easily transmit audio and video. Recording police has never been easier, and thanks to social-media and activist networks such as Copwatch, which monitors police activity and posts videos to the web, neither has publicizing these recordings.
That does not always go over well. People peaceably filming police have been handcuffed, beaten, had their cameras seized, and been arrested for obstructing governmental administration, obstructing an investigation, interference, disturbing the peace, or for illegal wiretapping. In taking such action the police are on shaky legal ground. The right to photograph people, including police officers, in public places, is relatively clear.
Adding audio, however, raises a new set of legal issues. Most states have single-party consent laws concerning audio recording, meaning that as long as one party consents to being recorded, the taping is legal. In most of the 12 states in which all parties must consent to be recorded, a violation occurs only if the subjects being recorded have a reasonable expectation of privacy. Arguing that police officers carrying out their duties in public have such a right is a challenge. The attorney-general in Maryland, an all-party-consent state, wrote in 2010 that few interactions with police could be considered private.
And challenges are mounting in two of the states—Illinois and Massachusetts—without expectation-of-privacy clauses. In Massachusetts last August, a federal appeals court upheld a lower court"s ruling that a citizen"s right to film police in public is protected by the first and fourth amendments.
During oral arguments, one of the judges hearing the challenges to the Illinois Eavesdropping Act worried that allowing recording might hinder the ability of the police to do their jobs. He gave the example of a policeman talking to a confidential informant. Police have also expressed concern about recording, and hence exposing, undercover officers. But of course police can still speak in private. Given the actions of some police officers when confronted with a camera, filming cops may not be prudent. But neither should it be illegal.
单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
In general, our society is becoming one
of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes
a small, well-oiled cog (齿轮) in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher
wages, well-ventilated factories and piped (播送的) music, and by psychologists and
"human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man
has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work
and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar
workers have become economic puppets (木偶) who dance to the tune of automated
machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee
are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job, they are
anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or
interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the
fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually
independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the
social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of
their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a
highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of
salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first
job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of
submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again—by
the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors,
who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant
need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor
creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production
or to nineteenth century "free enterprise capitalism"? Certainly not. Problems
are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I
suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed
industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves
into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his
potentialities—those of love and reason—are the aims of all social arrangements.
Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be
prevented from ruling man.
单选题Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
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单选题What is said about the cleanup and giveaway program in Gainesville in the passage?
单选题Sleep______ can result in mental disorders such as memory loss, obsession.
单选题That genetically-modified crops could have harmful effects that can be deduced from the fact that ______.
单选题What's the author's attitude in the phrase "of a sort" ( Para. 4)?
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单选题______ your suggestions deserve considering, the board thinks it unwise to invest so large a sum of money into the project.
单选题Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
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{{B}}Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just
heard.{{/B}}
单选题The announcement was widely hailed in the media as a ______ but the extent of the restrictions was not specified.
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单选题What does the author mean by saying "... in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused" ( Line 5, Para. 2 )