单选题 {{B}}Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.{{/B}}

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单选题{{B}}Section B{{/B}} Passage One

单选题The word "groundbreaking" (Para. 6) can be interpreted as ______.

单选题A.SheisgoingtoFinland.B.Shehassomevisitors.C.ShewillvisitFinlandnextweek.D.Shehasjustvisitedhimthisweek.

单选题In his last years, Henry suffered from a disease that slowly ______ him of much of his sight.

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单选题Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

单选题What is the probable cause of Krentz's problem?

单选题Macy"s reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at stores open more than a year, a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy"s has simply struggled to lure consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories. The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on unseasonably warm weather. "About 80% of our company"s year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to shortfalls (短缺) in cold-weather goods," said chief executive Terry Lundgren in a press release. This prompted the company to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter. However, it"s clear that Macy"s believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary aberration (偏离) off the thermometer. The retail giant said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures. The company pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs. It also plans to offer "voluntary separation" packages to 165 senior executives. It will slash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000 employees. The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close in early 2016. The company had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said which locations would be affected. None of the chain"s stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed. Macy"s has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a new era of shopping. It has plans to open more locations of Macy"s Backstage, a newly-developed off-price concept which might help it better compete with ambitious T.J. Maxx. It"s also pushing ahead in 2016 with an expansion of Bluemercury, the beauty chain it bought last year. At a time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta instead of department store beauty counters, Macy"s hopes Bluemercury will help strengthen its position in the category. One relative bright spot for Macy"s during the holiday season was the online channel, where rang up "double-digit" increases in sales and a 25% increase in the number of orders it filled. That relative strength would be consistent with what was seen in the wider retail industry during early part of the holiday season. While Thanksgiving, Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online, in-store sales plunged over the holiday weekend,

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单选题It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry take them out of the household, their traditional sphere and fundamentally alter their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Fredrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex...into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization"s effects, but they agreed that it would transform women"s lives. Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women"s economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women"s work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely and extension of an older pattern of employment for young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880"s created a new class of "dead end" jobs, thenceforth considered "women"s work". The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire. Women"s work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women"s household labour remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labour market and in the home.