BPart II Listening Comprehension/B

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西安，古称长安，是著名的古都，也是中华文明的发祥地。它断断续续作为13个王朝的首都达1200多年之久。西安是中国古代第一个对外开放的城市。汉唐时期，它是中国政治、经济、文化和对外交流的中心。西安有很多珍贵的文物和遗址。 秦始皇兵马俑 (the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses)，被誉为“世界第八大奇迹”。西安古城墙是世界上规模最大、保存最完整的古城墙遗址。灿烂的文化、悠久的历史以及丰富的文物和遗址，使得西安享有“自然史博物馆”的 美称 (laudatory title)。

When you think about the growth of human population over the last century or so, it is all too easy to imagine it merely as an increase in the number of humans. But as we【C1】______so do all the things associated with us, including our livestock. At present, there are about 1.5 billion【C2】______and domestic buffalo and about 1.7 billion sheep and goats. With pigs and poultry, they form a【C3】______part of our enormous biological footprint upon this planet. Just how enormous was not really【C4】______until the publication of a new report, called "Livestock's Long Shadow," by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Consider these numbers. Global livestock grazing and feed production use "30 percent of the land surface of the planet." Livestock—which consume more food than they【C5】______—also compete directly with humans for water. And the drive to expand grazing land destroys more biologically sensitive land, rain forests【C6】______than anything else. But what is even more striking, and【C7】______is that livestock are responsible for about 18 percent of the global warming effect, more than transportation's【C8】______Greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrogen, are resulted from their digestion. Grazing land, which destroys forests, adds to the effect. There are no easy trade-offs when it comes to global warming—such as cutting back on livestock to make room for cars. The human【C9】______for meat is certainly not about to end anytime soon. As "Livestock's Long Shadow" makes clear, our health and the health of the planet depend on pushing livestock production in more【C10】______directions. A)yield B)contribution C)stain D)ideally E)apparent F)multiply G)cattle H)passion I)scrape J)critical K)liable L)sustainable M)deposit N)alarming O)especially

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Campus Safety. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words following the outline given below. 1．校园安全的重要性。 2．对此学校应采取什么措施。 3．学生自身应该怎么做。

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BPart I Writing/B

近来中国的许多城市被 雾霾 (smog)笼罩，这种灰霾天气导致了交通 瘫痪 (cripple)、航班延迟及其他许多问题。引起灰霾天气的原因有很多，最主要的原因是空气质量的恶化。随着城市人口增长和工业的发展，机动车辆猛增，污染物大量增加，直接导致了空气能见度降低。相关数据显示，能见度降低使交通事故频发。此外，灰霾会对人们的身体健康造成极大危害，最近几年患 呼吸系统疾病 (respiratory disease)的人数已经猛增。因此，减少污染源和削减大气污染橼是解决雾霾的根本之道。

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There is nothing new about TV and fashion magazines giving girls unhealthy ideas about how thin they need to be in order to be considered beautiful. What is【C1】 1is the method psychologists at the University of Texas have come up with to keep girls from developing eating disorders. Their main weapon against superskinny(role)models: a brand of civil disobedience【C2】 2"body activism." Since 2001, more than 1,000 high school and college students in the U.S. have participated in the Body Project, which works by getting girls to understand how they have been buying into the【C3】 3that you have to be thin to be happy or successful. After critiquing(评论)the so-called thin ideal by writing essays and roleplaying with their peers, participants are【C4】 4to come up with and execute small,【C5】 5acts. They include slipping notes saying "Love your body the way it is" into dieting books at stores like Borders and writing letters to Mattel, makers of the impossibly【C6】 6Barbie doll. According to a study in the latest issue of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, the risk of developing eating disorders was reduced 61% among Body Project participants. And they continued to exhibit【C7】 7body-image attitudes as long as three years after completing the program, which consists of four one-hour【C8】 8Such lasting effects may be due to girls' realizing not only how they were being【C9】 9but also who was benefiting from the societal pressure to be thin. "These people who promote the perfect body really don't care about you at all," says Kelsey Hertel, a high school junior and Body Project veteran in Eugene, Oregon. "They【C10】 10make you feel like less of a person so you'll buy their stuff and they'll make money." A)nonviolent B)notification C)dubbed D)sessions E)purposefully F)surprising G)expired H)directed I)positive J)casually K)notion L)proportioned M)ambiguous N)influenced O)entities 【C1】

长城最初是为了抵抗来自北方的侵略，如今已成为旅游胜地，吸引了来自世界各地的游客。

“裸婚” (naked marriage)一词由中国网民杜撰，指男女双方在没有房、没有车、没有婚戒甚至婚礼的情况下选择结婚。配偶双方只需要花9元领取两张证明其婚姻合法的结婚证。在中国，越来越多的 80后一代 (post-80s generation)选择“裸婚”。这一新的结婚形式的流行与中国居高的生活成本密切相关，特别是不断上涨的房价给80后一代带来巨大的压力。为了减轻经济压力，很多受过良好教育的年轻人毅然选择从简结婚。对他们来说。裸婚似乎是最好的一个选择。

自古以来，和平就是人类最持久的夙愿。和平像阳光一样温暖、像雨露一样滋润。有了阳光雨露，万物才能茁壮成长。有了和平稳定，人类才能更好地实现自己的梦想。历史告诉我们，和平是需要争取的，和平是需要维护的。只有人人都珍惜和平、维护和平，只有人人都记取战争的惨痛教训，和平才是有希望的。历史是最好的老师，它忠实记录下每一个国家走过的足迹，也给每一个国家未来的发展提供启示。中国人历来讲求“己所不欲，勿施于人”。中国需要和平，就像人需要空气一样，就像万物生长需要阳光一样。

长江三峡 (the Three Gorges)是长江上最为壮丽的一段大峡谷，西起重庆奉节，东至湖北宜昌，全长193千米。陡峭的悬崖、危险的 浅滩 (shoal)和 湍急的 (turbulent)江水构成了三峡壮观的景象，给许多诗人和艺术家带来了创作灵感。长江三峡是中国古文化的发源地之一，沿岸有许多名胜古迹。三峡大坝是世界上最大的 水电站 (hydropower station)工程，也是中国有历史记载以来所建设的最大工程项目。三峡风景区将现代工程、自然风光和文化景观有机结合起来，吸引了世界各地的游客。

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The military aspect of the United States Civil War has always attracted the most attention from scholars. The roar of gunfire, the massed movements of uniformed men, the shrill of bugles, and the drama of hand-to-hand combat have fascinated students of warfare for a century. Behind the lines, however, life was less spectacular. It was the story of back-breaking labor to provide the fighting men with food and arms, of nerve-tingling uncertainty about the course of national events, of heartbreak over sons or brothers or husbands, lost in battle. If the men on the firing line won the victories, the means to those victories were forged on the home front. Never in the nation's history had Americans worked harder for victory than in the Civil War. Northerners and Southerners alike threw themselves into the task of supplying their respective armies. Both governments made tremendous demands upon civilians and, in general, received willing cooperation. By 1863 the Northern war economy was rumbling along in high gear. Everything from steamboats to shovels was needed—and produced. Denied Southern cotton, textile mills turned to wool for blankets and uniforms. Hides by the hundreds of thousands were turned into shoes and harness and saddles; iron works manufactured locomotives, ordnance, armor plate. Where private enterprise lagged, the government set up its own factories or arsenals. Agriculture boomed, with machinery doing the job of farm workers who were drawn into the army. In short, everything that a nation needed to fight a modern war was produced in uncounted numbers. Inevitably there were profiteers with gold-headed canes and flamboyant diamond stickpins, but for every crooked tycoon there were thousands of ordinary citizens living on fixed incomes who did their best to cope with rising prices and still make a contribution to the war effort.

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