{{B}}Part II Listening Comprehension{{/B}}

In 1951, Time magazine set out to paint a portrait of the nation's youth, those born into the Great Depression. It doomed them as the Silent Generation, and a generally dull lot: cautious and obedient, uninterested in striking out in new directions or shaping the great issues of the day—the outwardly efficient types whose inner agonies the novel "Revolutionary Road" would analyze a decade later. "Youth's ambitions have shrunk," the magazine declared. "Few youngsters today want to mine diamonds in South Africa, ranch in Paraguay, climb Mount Everest, find a cure for cancer, sail around the world or build an industrial empire. Some would like to own a small, independent business, but most want a good job with a big firm, and with it, a kind of suburban idyll(田园生活)." The young soldier "lacks flame," students were "docile notetakers." And the young writer's talent "sometimes turns out to be nothing more than a byproduct of his nervous disposition." "The best thing that can be said for American youth, in or out of uniform, is that it has learned that it must try to make the best of a bad and difficult job, whether that job is life, war, or both," Time concluded. "The generation which has been called the oldest young generation in the world has achieved a certain maturity." Today we are in a recession the depth and duration of which are unknown; Friday's job loss figures were just the latest suggestion that it could well be prolonged and profound rather than shorter and shallower. So what of the youth shaped by what some are already calling the Great Recession? Will a publication looking back from 2030 damn them with such faint praise? Will they marry younger, be satisfied with stable but less exciting jobs? Will their children mock them for reusing tea bags and counting pennies as if this paycheck were the last? At the very least, they will deal with tremendous instability, just as their Depression forebears did. "The '30s challenged the whole idea of the American dream, the idea of open economic possibilities," said Morris Dickstein, an English professor at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. "The version you get of that today is the loss of confidence on the part of both parent and children that life in the next generation will inevitably be better." How today's young will be affected 10, 20 or 40 years on will depend on many things. If history is any guide, what will matter most is where this recession generation is in the historical process.

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甲骨文 (oracle bone script)指中国商代和西周早期刻在龟甲或兽骨上的文字，用于 占卜 (divine)或记事。它是中国最早的文字体系，是汉语发展的关键阶段，现代汉字就是由甲骨文演变而来。人们通常认为甲骨文是王懿荣于1899年从来自河南安阳的甲骨上发现的。截至2012年，被人们发现的甲骨大约有15万片，刻有4500多个单字。这些甲骨所记载的内容极为丰富，涉及商代社会生活的诸多方面，包括政治、军事、文化、社会习俗、天文、历法、医药等。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on whether graduates should spend much on job hunting. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

A new high-performance contact lens under development at the department for applied physics at the University of Heidelberg will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision as much as five times, making people's vision sharper than that of cats. Bille and his team work with an optical instrument called an active mirror—a device used in astronomical telescopes to spot newly emerging stars and far distant galaxies. Connected to a wave-front sensor that tracks and measures the course of a laser beam into the eye and back, the aluminum mirror detects the deficiencies of the cornea, the transparent protective layer covering the lens of the human eye. The highly precise data from the two instruments—which, Bille hopes, will one day be found at the opticians(眼镜商)all over the world—serve as a basis for the production of completely individualized contact lenses that correct and enhance the wearer's vision. By day, Bille's contact lenses will focus rays of light so accurately on the retina(视网膜)that the image of a small leaf or the outline of a far distant tree will be formed with a sharpness that surpasses that of conventional vision aids by almost half a diopter(屈光度). At night, the lenses have an even greater potential. "Because the new lens—in contrast to the already existing ones—also works when it's dark and the pupil is wide open," says Bille, "lens wearers will be able to identify a face at a distance of 100 meters"—80 meters farther than they would normally be able to see. In his experiments night vision was enhanced by an even greater factor: in semi-darkness, test subjects could see up to 15 times better than without the lenses. Bille's lenses are expected to reach the market in the year 30, and one tentative plan is to use the Internet to transmit information on patients' visual defects from the optician to the manufacturer, who will then produce and mail the contact lenses within a couple of days. The physicist expects the lenses to cost about a dollar a pair, about the same as conventional one-day disposable lenses.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the popularity of Sinology. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

1.这是一所大学里学生所购书籍的变化2.你对于学生选择书籍类别变化的评论3.哪类书籍买得比较多？说明原因

丽江古城地处战略要地，古时候商旅活动频繁，是茶马古道(the Ancient Tea Horse Road)上的重镇。

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{{B}}Part Ⅳ Translation{{/B}}

Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Haste Makes Waste by commenting on this saying．You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words．Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1．

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Find Your Heart's Desire and Realize Your Potential [A]One of the most wonderful and exciting facts about your life is that you already know a lot of the things you need to know to become the person you want to be. You have your "heart's desire" deep inside of you. There's something that you were put on this earth uniquely to accomplish. There's something that you, and only you, can do. And when you find your heart's desire, you'll have the key to unlocking your potential in every other part of your life. You'll have the key to happiness, satisfaction, fulfillment and the joy that's your natural birthright. [B]Take some time to determine the kind of person you'd like to be, and the kind of person you'd have to become in order to live the kind of life that you'd like to live. Remember, you can't accomplish it on the outside until you become it on the inside. [C]To unlock your inner potential, you must set very clear, challenging and, yet, realistic goals and then make plans to accomplish them. You need to work, step-by-step, every day, in the direction of your dominant aspirations. You need to develop an unshakable level of self-confidence that makes you virtually unstoppable. Momentum is the key to long-term success. [D]The momentum theory of success simply says that while it may take 10 units of energy to get you moving in a particular direction, it takes only one unit of energy to keep you moving once you're in motion. You have the principle of momentum working in your favor. [E]How do you use the momentum principle in your life? Well, it's simple. Let's say that your goal is to become financially independent. To do this, you have to pay off all of your existing debts and build up a cash reserve of three to six months of living expenses. When you reach that point, your entire personality will change. You'll be more clearheaded, you'll be more positive, you'll be more determined, you'll be more optimistic, you'll be a finer and better human being when you absolutely know that you're not dependent upon anyone for your living expenses. You'll be able to choose the job you want to do and go to the places you want to go. You won't have to tolerate any situation that you do not enjoy or that you feel isn't the best use of your personal potential. [F]If you simultaneously work on strengthening your self-discipline and using it to achieve the goal of financial independence, you'll become a better, stronger and more powerful human being. You'll cast off the bonds of helplessness and begin to feel that there's nothing in the world that you can't do or be or have. [G]When you set clear goals or objectives for yourself, when you dream big dreams and then determine to become the kind of person who's capable of achieving the kind of goals that you want to achieve, you convince yourself, at a deep, subconscious level, that you're absolutely unstoppable. You realize at last that nothing in the world can hold you back except your own thinking, and you don't even let your own thinking limit your potential. What beliefs might you have that are holding you back? [H]Each one of us has feelings of inferiority that are manifested in the conclusion that we are not good enough. We think that we are not as good as other people, and we feel that we are not good enough to acquire and enjoy the things that we want in life. Very often, we feel that we don't deserve good things. Even if we do work hard and achieve some worthwhile objectives, we believe that we are not really entitled to our successes, and we often engage in behaviors that sabotage our successes. [I]The fact is that you deserve every good thing that you are capable of acquiring as the result of the application of your talents. The only real limitation on what you can be and have is your absence of desire. If you want something badly enough, nothing in the world can stop you from getting it, if you are willing to persist long enough and hard enough. Over and over, we find that our beliefs, more than anything else, act as the brakes on our capacities. We have high hopes and dreams and aspirations, but we let doubts creep in and undermine our competence and effectiveness. [J]The most harmful beliefs that you can have are what we call "self-limiting beliefs." These are beliefs about yourself, most of which are not true; but they hold you back nonetheless Sometimes you, or others, will say that you cannot achieve certain goals because you did not get enough education Sometimes you will say that it is because of your gender or race or age or the state of the economy. [K]The starting point to change your beliefs is to get up the courage to question them seriously. Question your basic premises. Check your assumptions. Ask yourself, "What assumptions am I making about myself or my situation that might not be true?" [L]It's a fact that we fall in love with our excuses and our assumptions. We fall in love with our reasons for not moving ahead. Even if someone comes along and challenges those reasons, even if someone tells you that you have the capacity to accomplish marvelous things, you will argue with him. If someone tells you that you can do far better than you're doing right now, you will come up with reasons to dispute this person's greater belief in your potential. Believing in yourself. [M]Your beliefs about reality are based on a thousand influences, many of which began even before you were aware of what was going on. You have beliefs that are deep and beliefs that are shallow. Deep beliefs, with regard to your religion or your political party or your family, or especially yourself, are very hard to change. Shallow beliefs are easily changed. And many of your beliefs are in fact very shallow. They have no substance to them whatsoever. If you challenge them hard enough, you'll find that they are made of tissue paper. They'll simply blow away. [N]You can always tell what your true values and beliefs are by looking at your actions. It isn't what you say or wish or hope or intend that demonstrates what you really believe. It's only what you do. It's only the behaviors that you engage in. It's only the actions that you choose to undertake. Your values and beliefs are always expressed in your actions and behaviors. [O]Once you've clearly decided on the person you would like to become, you are on the path toward developing new beliefs. You then discipline yourself each day to behave exactly as you would if you were already that person. That simple technique, the "act as if" technique, is extraordinarily powerful. The more you act like the person you want to be, the more consistent your attitude will be with that person's. Your attitude will have the back-flow effect of affecting your expectations. Positive expectations will have the back-flow effect of building beliefs that are consistent with them. And your beliefs will exert an influence on your values. [P]People succeed not because they have remarkable characteristics or qualities. The most successful people are quite ordinary, just like you and me. Most of us start off poor and confused. We spend many years getting some sort of direction in our lives. But the turning point comes when we begin to believe that we have within us that divine spark that can lead us onward and upward to the accomplishment of anything that we really want in life.

青藏铁路 (Qinghai-Tibet Railway)是 西部大开发 (Western Development Program)的标志性工程，是中国新世纪四大工程之一。该铁路东起青海西宁，西至西藏拉萨，全长1956公里。新建线路1110公里，于2001年6月29日正式开工。2006年7月1日正式通车。青藏铁路是世界上线路最长、 海拔 (elevation)最高的高原铁路，被誉为 “天路” (Road to the Heaven)。青藏铁路的建设者们克服了常年冻土、高原缺氧、生态脆弱和天气恶劣四大工程难题。青藏铁路为青海和西藏的经济发展及旅游资源开发提供了广阔空间，有利于促进藏族与其他各民族的文化交流，增强民族团结。

庐山瀑布群是中国最秀丽的十大瀑布之一，坐落于江西省九江市庐山。历代诸多文人骚客在此赋诗题词，赞颂其壮观雄伟，给庐山瀑布群带来了极高的声誉。最有名的当属唐代诗人李白的《望庐山瀑布》，已成千古绝唱。据考证，庐山之名，早在周朝就有了。古人对千里平川上竟突兀出_座如此高耸秀美的庐山，山上又有众多的瀑布溪流，曾感到迷惑不解。于是，就编了许多神话故事，来解释庐山及其泉瀑的来历，其中秦始皇赶山塞海的故事，就是其中一个。

Musicians—from karaoke singers to professional violin players—are better able to hear targeted sounds in a noisy environment, according to a piece of new research that adds to evidence that music makes the brain work better. "In the past ten years there's been an explosion of research on music and the brain," Aniruddh Patel, the Senior Fellow at the Neurosciences Institute in San Diego, said today at a press briefing. Most recently brain-imaging studies have shown that music activates many diverse parts of the brain, including an overlap where the brain processes music and language. Language is a natural aspect to consider in looking at how music affects the brain, Patel said. Like music, language is "universal, there's a strong learning component, and it carries complex meanings. " For example, brains of people exposed to even casual musical training have an enhanced ability to generate the brain wave patterns associated with specific sounds, be they musical or spoken, said study leader Nina Kraus, director of the Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory at Northwestern University in Illinois. Kraus' previous research had shown that when a person listens to a sound, the brain wave recorded in response is physically the same as the sound wave itself. In fact, "playing" the brain wave produces a nearly identical sound. But for people without a trained ear for music, the ability to make these patterns decreases as background noise increases, experiments show. Musicians, by contrast, have subconsciously trained their brains to better recognize selective sound patterns, even as background noise goes up. At the same time, people with certain developmental disorders, such as dyslexia(阅读障碍症), have a harder time hearing sounds amid the noise—a serious problem, for example, for students straining to hear the teacher in a noisy classroom. Musical experience could therefore be a key therapy for children with dyslexia and similar language-related disorders, Kraus said. In a similar vein, Harvard Medical School neuroscientist Gottfried Schlaug has found that stroke patients who have lost the ability to speak can be trained to say hundreds of phrases by singing them first. In his research, Schlaug demonstrated the results of intensive musical therapy on patients with lesions(损伤)on the left sides of their brains,those areas most associated with language. Before the therapy, these stroke patients responded to questions with largely incoherent sounds and phrases. But after just a few minutes with therapists, who asked them to sing phrases and tap their hands to the rhythm, the patients could sing "Happy Birthday," recite their addresses, and communicate if they were thirsty. " The underdeveloped systems on the right side of the brain that respond to music became enhanced and changed structures," Schlaug said. Overall, Schlaug said, the experiments show that "music might be an alternative medium for engaging parts of the brain that are otherwise not engaged. "

重阳节 (the Double Ninth Festival)，在每年的农历九月初九，是中国的传统节日。早在 战国时期 (the Warring States Period)人们就开始过重阳节，到了唐代，重阳成为全国性的民间节日。攀登高山是重阳节一项重要的习俗，据说这样可以避免灾难，并且带来好运。“九九”和“久久”在汉语中同音，因此，人们把重阳节与祝福老人长寿联系在一起。1989年，中国把重阳节定为 “老人节” (Senior's Day)，使之成为一个全国性的尊老、爱老、助老的节日。在节日这天会组织各种活动，以帮助老人们交流感情、强身健体。

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