1. 现在许多人在为人处事方面只关心自己的利益而很少顾及他人2. 互相理解对于说话的双方都非常重要3. 为此，我们应该……

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南京是中国东部重要的政治、文化和金融中心。自 三国时期 (the Three Kingdoms Period)开始，先后有六个朝代在此建都，因此南京有 “六朝古都” (the Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties)的美誉。南京城建于明朝，是中国现存规模最大的古城。南京不仅是一座著名的历史文化名城，也是极具特色的现代化城市。它是先进的制造业基地，也是仅次于北京、上海的第三大科教中心城市。由于地处长江下游，靠近东海，南京是中国重要的交通和通讯 枢纽 (hub)。2014年，第二届 夏季奥林匹克运动会 (Summer Youth Olympic Games)将在南京举办。

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Why Sustainable Buildings Need to Focus on Community And Collaboration?[A] According to the government, buildings in the UK account for about 43% of all carbon emissions; when you also consider the amount of other resources they require, such as water, and the amount of energy that goes into transporting millions of us to work every day, it's clear we need to make our buildings more sustainable. Yet sustainability does not begin and end with reducing carbon. The buildings we work in define and shape their neighbourhoods, especially in cities, where they have an enormous social impact upon communities. Local traders depend on the income from the people who are employed nearby, while the wellbeing of employees is affected by their workplace surroundings.[B] So how can we ensure the buildings of the future are sustainable, creative and productive workplaces that benefit the employees who work in them and the communities that surround them? That question formed the basis of a recent roundtable debate, held in association with property investor Derwent London. Saving energy[C] Unusually, the early part of the discussion was framed by a prototype office for Derwent's White Collar Factory project. The building, which goes on site in 2014, has been designed to test sustainable ways of lighting, heating, cooling and occupying a building, for instance, by mixing start-ups with established companies. Compared to a normal office building, the White Collar Factory will save a tonne of carbon every two days, said Derwent London's director Paul Williams. "It will also be an enjoyable space," he said, referring to the open-plan, high-ceiling design.[D] However, designing a high-spec building that takes advantage of all the latest energy-saving technologies—such as advanced heating, cooling and building-management software—does not always guarantee a sustainable future.[E] Chris Early, estates manager of Telefonica, said developers should not get "hung up about the type of air conditioning". By concentrating solely on energy-saving technologies, developers could lose sight of the wider issues surrounding sustainability. "It's about how you develop a larger site as a whole: the mixture of small and large occupiers and startups." For developments to be successful in the future, you've got to be delivering space that works from an occupational perspective, so people can collaborate within their own organisation, but also with others. There has got to be more of a community feel."[F] Speaking off the record, one participant suggested that the reason why developments weren't always designed and occupied sustainably was simply down to finance. ''I'm not sure the 'boardroom' understands buildings. My finance director will focus purely on the numbers, the minimum amount of space we can occupy, the lowest rates we can secure the space for. We're constantly challenged trying to explain the wider tangible (切实的) benefits a creative space can offer."[G] Rab Bennetts, co-founder of Bennetts Associates, agreed it was difficult to measure the benefits of creative space—as opposed to something like rent—in a tangible way, but he suggested that reducing absenteeism and improving recruitment, for example, were benefits that are often overlooked. "If you can improve the workforce a little bit by making it a nicer place so there's less absenteeism, the difference is huge," said Bennetts.[H] While all delegates acknowledged that cost was an important issue, Chris Sherwin, head of sustainability at Seymourpowell, suggested many of the related problems could be overcome by thinking about the issues at the initial design stage. Referring to his experience of working with manufacturers and product developers, Sherwin said: "Most of the wellbeing and environmental impacts are locked in at the very early design stages and I think it's pretty much the same with buildings."[I] For Ziona Strelitz, founder director of ZZA responsive user environments, the failure to create sustainable working environments in the past resulted from directors being afraid to take what would be perceived as risks. However, she believed that was no longer the case. "There was a generational shift after the dotcom boom, there was a turning point where the people deciding on what kind of spaces they wanted changed. Suddenly much younger people had the money and power to make premises decisions."[J] But a note of caution was sounded by Stephen Taylor, associate director at Allford Hall Monaghan Morris architects, who pointed out that people have different ideas about what their perfect workplace is. "The best we can hope for as architects is to give people that 'loose fit' to allow flexibility to happen over time." Designing buildings in this manner would give occupiers flexibility over how they wanted to work, he said. Collaborative working[K] The benefits of flexible working are not confined to improving employees' wellbeing, either, said Early. Discussing his own organisation's policy on remote working, he said: "It's sustainable as we're reducing car use by encouraging people to work from home... we're trying to make it more of a hotel environment, where you come in to do something productive then go." While using LED lighting and other energy-saving initiatives were "good housekeeping", keeping an estate small was ultimately fundamental to reducing an organisation's carbon footprint. So how can companies reduce their estate?[L] Many participants thought technology could provide an answer. Strelitz pointed to the work of LiquidSpace, a US-based firm that has created an app to help users find and book a work space suited to their needs, whenever they need it. The app also allows the companies providing the workplaces to optimise the space they have available. Participants agreed this kind of collaborative working could be key to the future of sustainable buildings. "To think people only have their own employees in a building and they're only going to work in a certain way has gone for ever—and that change has to be embraced," said Williams.[M] While everyone recognised that collaborative working among occupiers was a major step towards making buildings more sustainable, when it came to collaboration among landlords and developers, many felt a lack of government direction was hindering progress. Unless politicians are engaged in the discussion, it's hard to imagine there will be much drive for sustainability through regulation, said Tony Travers, director of LSE London. "Most governments are trying to avoid regulations—so making the discussion more accessible to those who make planning decisions is essential, otherwise it will be cut off from the places that bring the pressure to create change."[N] Bennetts suggested that the government had missed an opportunity when it scrapped proposals to make display energy certificates mandatory for commercial buildings. As an alternative, he suggested introducing a "kitemark" (风筝标志) for buildings, which rated their environmental, social and economic sustainability, including social capital. The mark would be displayed prominently on a building to raise the profile of its energy use.[O] The way buildings are assessed for their sustainability came in for some criticism. The environmental assessment and rating method was described as too complicated by delegates. "The market has taken it and used it as the standard," said John Davies, sustainability manager of Derwent London. "It has turned from a guidebook into a rulebook."[P] Despite criticism of the lack of statute and some of the assessment methods, the debate ended with much positivity. Delegates were confident that advances in technology and collaborative working, plus a new generation entering the boardroom, would ensure sustainability became increasingly important to landlords, developers and occupiers in future. As Bennetts pointed out: "There's been more progress and more innovation over the past five years than the past 25 years."

Edgar Poe, an American writer, was born in 1809. His parents were actors. Edgar was a baby when his father left the family. He was two years old when his mother died. He was taken into the home of a【B1】______businessman named John Allen. He then received his new name, Edgar Allen Poe. As a young man, Poe【B2】______the University of Virginia. He was a good student, but he liked to drink alcohol and【B3】______for money. As an unskilled game player, he often lost money. Since he couldn't pay his【B4】______losses, he left the university and began working for magazines. He worked hard, yet he was not well paid, or【B5】______. At the age of 27, he got married. For a time it seemed that Poe would find happiness, but his wife was sick for most of their marriage, and died in 1847. Through all his【B6】______, Poe produced many stories and poems which appeared in different 【B7】______, yet he didn't become famous until 1845 when his poem, The Raven, was published. There is a question, however, about Poe's importance in American Literature. Some【B8】______say that Poe was one of America's best writers, and even had great【B9】______on many French writers, but others disagree. They say Poe's work is difficult to understand and most of his writing describes very unpleasant【B10】______and events. Edgar Allen Poe died in 1849 when he was 40 years old. It is said that he was found dead after days of heavy drinking.

北京烤鸭 (Beijing Roast Duck)是北京名菜，也被誉为中国的一道“国莱”，在全世界享有盛誉。北京烤鸭用特殊的果木为燃料烤制而成，味道可口，营养十分丰富。中国人吃鸭的历史由来已久，北京烤鸭的历史最早可以追溯到元代。在明清时期，北京烤鸭只是 宫廷食品 (imperial dish)，只有皇帝或统治阶层才能食用。后来北京烤鸭才逐渐出现在老百姓的日常饮食中，在北京有很多专做烤鸭的餐馆。如今，北京烤鸭已是中国家喻户晓的美食，备受国内外游客的喜爱。

The "paperless office" has earned a proud place on lists of technological promises that did not come to pass. Surely, though, the more modest goal of the carbon-paperless office is within the reach of mankind? Carbon paper allows two copies of a document to be made at once. Nowadays, a couple of keystrokes can do the same thing with a lot less fuss. Yet carbon paper persists. Forms still need to be filled out in a way that produces copies. This should not come as a surprise. Innovation tends to create new niches (合适的职业) , rather than refill those that already exist. So technologies may become marginal, but they rarely go extinct. And today the little niches in which old technologies take refuge are ever more viable and accessible, thanks to the Internet and the fact that production no longer needs to be so mass; making small numbers of obscure items is growing easier. On top of that, a widespread technostalgia (技术怀旧) seeks to preserve all the ways people have ever done anything, simply because they are kind of neat. As a result, technologies from all the way back to the stone-age persist and even flourish in the modern world. According to What Technology Wants, a book by Kevin Kelly, one of the founders of Wired magazine, America's flintknappers (燧石工) produce over a million new arrow and spear heads every year. One of the things technology wants, it seems, is to survive. Carbon paper, to the extent that it may have a desire for self-preservation, may also take comfort in the fact that, for all that this is a digital age, many similar products are hanging on, and even making comebacks. Indeed, digital technologies may prove to be more transient than their predecessors. They are based on the idea that the medium on which a file's constituents Os and Is are stored doesn't matter, and on Alan Turing's insight that any computer can mimic any other, given enough memory and time. This suggests that new digital technologies should be able to wipe out their predecessors completely. And early digital technologies do seem to be vanishing. The music cassette is enjoying a little renaissance, its very faithlessness apparently part of its charm; but digital audio tape seems doomed. So revolutionary digital technologies may yet discard older ones to the dustbin. Perhaps this will be the case with a remarkable breakthrough in molecular (分子的) technology that could, in principle, store all the data ever recorded in a device that could fit in the back of a van. In this instance, it would not be a matter of the new extinguishing the old. Though it may never have been used for MP3s and PDFs before, DNA has been storing data for over three billion years. And it shows no sign of going extinct.

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自上世纪70年代末以来，中国许多最优秀、最聪明的人才赴海外留学。但学成归国的只有少数。中国 人才流失 (brain drain)现象严重。在全球化的世界，中国需要越来越多具备国际教育背景的人才。因此国家开展了一系列引进海外人才的项目，成功吸引了越来越多的留学生回国进入国企、教育机构和商业园区工作。如今，每年都有超过15万的海外留学生回国。他们将中国经济与世界相连，使中国的商业、政治以及流行文化走向世界。

Americans Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller won the Nobel Prize for economics on Monday for developing methods to study trends in stock, bond and housing markets. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said that through their research, the three had laid the【C1】 1of the current understanding of asset prices and changed the way people invest. While it's【C2】 2whether stock or bond prices will go up or down in the short term, it's possible to foresee【C3】 3over periods of three years or longer, the academy said. "These findings, which might seem surprising and contradictory, were【C4】 4made and analyzed by this year's prize winners," the academy said. Fama, 74, and Hansen, 60, are【C5】 5with the University of Chicago. Shiller, 67, is a professor at Yale University. Starting in the 1960s, Fama and others showed how difficult it is to predict individual stock prices in the short run. His findings【C6】 6the practice of investing, leading to the emergence of index funds. Two decades later, Shiller showed that there is more predictability in the long run in stock and bond markets, while Hansen developed a【C7】 7method to test theories of asset pricing. "These are three【C8】 8different kinds of people and the thing that unites them all is asset pricing," says David Warsh, who tracks academic economists on his Economic Principals blog. The economics award is not a Nobel Prize in the same sense as the medicine, chemistry, physics, literature and peace prizes, which were【C9】 9by Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel in 1895. Sweden's central bank added the economics prize in 1968 as a【C10】 10to Nobel. A)unpredictable B)foundation C)supplementary D)utterly E)fellowship F)movements G)illuminates H)memorial I)inaugurated J)separately K)created L)statistical M)associated N)cooperatively O)revolutionized 【C1】

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中国人春节张贴门神(door gods)像是一项重要的风俗。门神像就是张贴在屋内屋外门上的神灵的画像。人们希望它们能驱鬼，保护家人，带来平安和吉祥。胖娃娃的图画通常被认为是屋内的门神，意味着好运、长寿和人丁兴旺。大门的门神有几种不同的形式，最早的门神是神荼(Shen Shu)和郁垒。如今，最常见的门神是元朝时期流行起来的秦叔宝和尉迟恭(Yuchi Gong)。秦叔宝皮肤煞白，常常佩剑；而尉迟恭皮肤黝黑，常常佩棍。他们总是成对地出现。

春联 (Spring Festival couplets)，是中国特有的一种文学形式，有着悠久的历史。春联上的文字简洁、精巧，象征着人们对未来的巨大期盼，表达人们对新年的美好愿望。贴春联是春节的一大传统习俗，也是中国人欢度新年春节的重要方式。每逢春节，无论在城市还是农村，家家户户都要精心挑选一副大红春联贴在门上，为节日增加 喜庆(festive) 气氛。各家各户会根据自家的情况选择不同内容的春联，比如商人的家庭会张贴与发财有关的春联，农民家庭则选择表达丰收愿望的春联。

人们从工作、读书的地方回到家里，在除夕夜与家人一起吃团圆饭。

公益广告的主题一般取材于老百姓的日常生活，如健康、安全和环保等。

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西湖 (West Lake)位于浙江省杭州市西部，是 江南 (south of the Yangtze River)三大名湖之一。它三面环山，湖区内有大量的寺庙、 古塔 (pagoda)、园林和人造岛，它是中国园林设计师的重要灵感来源。西湖景区拥有美丽的自然风光和 历史古迹 (historic relic)，深刻影响了中国历史上的诗人和画家。 “三潭印月” (Three Pools Mirroring the Moon)的景观出现在壹圆纸币的背面，体现着西湖在中国悠久文化中的重要地位。2011年西湖凭借独特的风光和大量杰出的文化景观而入选世界文化遗产。