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可见，不同于美国的电子书读者，中国的电子书读者并不是转投新媒介的传统购书者。

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每天早晨，喜欢户外运动的老年人会聚集(congregate)在公园里锻炼身体，如打太极拳(tai chi)、跳彩带舞(ribbon dancing)等。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the Beijing government's introducing a lottery for automobile buyers in order to solve traffic problems. You can give an example or two to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

唐朝早期和中期的统治开明、经济繁荣、社会安定。

月饼是中国人在中秋节食用的传统食品，一般呈圆形，寓意团圆幸福，反映了人们对家人团聚的美好愿望。

中国是世界上最古老的文明之一，有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。中国在夏朝时开始进入了文明时代，创造了辉煌的科技和文化。指南针、火药、造纸术、印刷术是中国古代的四大发明，对世界文明和人类的进步做出了极大的贡献。中国的 丝绸之路 (the silk Road)——世界上最古老的贸易通道——极大地促进了东西方文化的交流。长城、京杭 大运河 (grand canal)被誉为世界工程奇迹。此外，中国有着丰富多彩的传统文化和民间艺术，例如京剧、剪纸、风筝、 刺绣 (embroidery)、 皮影戏 (shadow play)等。

中国传统戏曲主要起源于原始部落的歌舞表演，是一种历史悠久的综合舞台艺术。经过几千年的发展，这类戏曲艺术才逐渐变得完整。中国戏曲有360多个种类，其中， 京剧 (Peking Opera)、 豫剧 (Henan Opera)和 越剧 (Shaoxing Opera)最为著名。它们将文学、音乐、舞蹈、美术、武术与表演艺术融合为一体。随着时代的变化。中国戏曲面临着两个问题：一个是如何继承与发扬这些传统戏曲，使它们重新焕发活力；另一个是如何表现新生活。塑造新人物。

年糕 (Chinese New Year Cake)是中国人的传统食品。距今已有两千年的历史。早期被用来祭奠 灶神 (the Kitchen God)，其后渐渐成为一种春节特色食品。年糕主要是用 糯米粉 (glutinous rice flour)制作而成，有黄、白两色，象征金、银。在汉语中，“粘”与“年”同音，而“糕”与“高”同音，所以年糕寓意人们的生活水平一年比一年提高。年糕营养丰富。不但吃起来香甜可口，而且还有健身祛病的作用。中国地域广、各地的风俗习惯不同。因而年糕的种类也多种多样。

“光盘行动” (“Clear Your Plate”campaign)建议用餐者吃光盘子里的东西，鼓励将剩菜打包带走，以免浪费粮食。现在，中国的不少饭店都开始提供 小份菜 (smaller dishes)中国每年浪费的粮食接近全国粮食总产量的1／10，成为世界上最大的人为灾害。“光盘行动”提醒人们，在他们大肆浪费粮食的时候，全世界仍然有许多人因为饥饿而死亡。“光盘行动”不再是某一个组织或个人的行动，而是一个关系到人类生存环境的行动，它有利于解决当前资源短缺的状况。

Memory appears to be stored in several parts of the limbic(边缘的)system of the brain, and any condition that interferes with the function of this system can cause amnesia. Aging is a frequent cause. As humans advance in age, the heart's action, as well as the walls of blood vessels, change. It is thought that too little blood reaching brain cells, and sometimes the lack of certain nutrients, causes the death of small portions of the brain. Old memories and new ones are kept in different portions of the brain, and many older people can recall events that took place years before while being unable to remember what they ate at their last meal. An inability to store or learn new information may also occur with advanced age. Several degenerative(退化的)diseases of old age can cause profound amnesia. Primarily in older men, transient(暂时的)global amnesia causes severe loss of memory for minutes or hours. This is a progressive condition about which little can be done. Alcoholism is another leading cause of amnesia. Many heavy drinkers cannot recall the events of the time when they were intoxicated. In alcoholism of long duration, the gradual deterioration of brain cells takes place, and memory can become permanently confused. Injuries to the head often result in amnesia for the time just before and just after an accident. As the injury heals, memory gradually returns. Tumors or other growth in the brain that affect the limbic system can also cause amnesia, when treatment of the growth is successful, the amnesia is cured. Classic amnesia may be described as the condition of an otherwise healthy person who "wakes up" in a strange place unable to recall his name, where he came from, or where he is going. It is interesting to note that such a person, however, retains knowledge of language and social customs. This kind of amnesia is probably due to emotional stress and is called hysterical amnesia. It occurs when some event is seen as so shameful or when problems become so overwhelming that the person concerned is unable to face reality. Instead, complete amnesia develops. Hysterical amnesia is treated through psychotherapy and sometimes the administration of drugs such as sodium amobarbital, which causes a person to talk freely. Clues to the past may appear under the sedation, and the psychotherapist can use these to prod(促使)the memory of the patient.

“西部大开发” (Western Development)是中国促进经济发展的一项重要政策。自从实行改革开放的政策以来，尤其是中国东南沿海城市的 经济特区 (special economic zone)设立以来。中国经济发展迅速。然而，由于位置偏远、交通落后、与其他地区交流不足。中国西部地区在经济、文化、人民生活水平等方面不够发达。为了解决地区间发展的不平衡，中国开展了“西部大开发”运动。在引进人才和投资等方面给予西部地区 优惠 (preferential)政策。目前“西部大开发”的成就显著，东西部地区的差距正逐渐缩小。

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The need for solar electricity is clear. It is safe, ecologically sound, efficient, continuously available, and it has no moving parts. The basic problem with the use of solar photovoltaic devices is economics, but until recently very little progress had been made toward the development of low-cost photovoltaic devices. The larger part of research funds has been devoted to the study of single crystal silicon solar cells, despite the evidence that this technique holds little promise. The reason for this pattern is understandable and historical. Crystalline silicon, however, is particularly unsuitable to terrestrial solar cells. Crystalline silicon solar cells work well and are successfully used in the space program, where cost is not an issue. While single crystal silicon has been proven in extraterrestrial use with efficiencies as high as 18 percent, and other more expensive and rare materials can have even higher efficiencies, costs must be reduced by a factor of more than 100 to make them practical for commercial uses. Besides the fact that the starting crystalline silicon is expensive, 95 percent of it is wasted and does not appear in the final device. Recently, there have been some imaginative attempts to make polycrystalline and ribbon silicon which are lower in cost than high-quality single crystals; but to date the efficiencies of these apparently lower-cost materials have unacceptably small. This difficulty can be avoided by preparing completely disordered or amorphous materials. Amorphous materials have disordered atomic structure as compared to crystalline materials: that is, they have only short-range order rather than the long-range periodicity of crystal. The advantages of amorphous solar cells are impressive. Crystalline silicon must be made 200 microns thick to absorb a sufficient amount of sunlight for efficient energy conversion, whereas only 1 micron of the proper amorphous materials is necessary. Crystalline silicon solar cells cost in excess of 100 per square foot, but amorphous films can be created at a cost of about 50 cents per square foot. Although many scientists were aware of the very low cost of amorphous solar cells, they felt that they could never be manufactured with the efficiencies necessary to contribute significantly to the demand for electric power. This was based on a misconception about the feature which determines efficiency. For example, it is not the conductivity of the material in the dark which is relevant, but only the photoconductivity, that is, the conductivity in the presence of sunlight. Already, solar cells with efficiencies well about 6 percent have been developed using amorphous materials, and further research will doubtlessly find even less costly amorphous materials with higher efficiencies.

The U.S. dollar was supposed to be at the end of its rope. Kicking the bucket. A dying symbol of a dying empire. Well, maybe not. The dollar continues to【C1】 1gloom-and-doom predictions. After a swoon(低迷)last year, the dollar is again enjoying a major【C2】 2The U.S. dollar index, which measures the dollar's value against other major currencies, is just off an eight-month high. The main reason behind the dollar's recovery is actually no real surprise at all. There is no【C3】 3able to replace the dollar as the world's No.l currency. What makes currencies so fascinating is that their perceived value is always relative to other currencies. Sure, the U.S. budget deficit is【C4】 4the government's debt is increasing, and Wall Street is still repairing itself. But the dollar remains the prettiest of a flock of ugly ducklings. Is any other major industrialized economy【C5】 5better off than the U.S.? Not really. Just about the【C6】 6developed world is suffering with the same problems. That's why when investors get nervous, they still rush to the good old dollar. The dollar wins because no one else is really in the game. The euro has been exposed as a【C7】 7Only a few months ago, economists truly believed the euro could【C8】 8the dollar as the top reserve currency. Now experts are questioning if the euro has a future at all. The Greek debt crisis has【C9】 9that the euro is only as strong as its weakest link. Maybe over the next 20 or 30 years, the dollar will slowly lose the【C10】 10status it holds today. That process, however, could well be driven by the appearance of new rivals. A)fraud B)consistently C)dominant D)expanding E)entire F)incentive G)rival H)alleged I)defy J)particularly K)alternative L)relative M)revealed N)intriguing O)rally 【C1】

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Why do People Like to Buy Lotteries? You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words following the outline given below. 1．目前社会上有许多人喜欢购买彩票。 2．分析产生这种现象的原因。 3．提出你的建议。

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近年来，中国硕士研究生 招收 (recruitment)规模不断扩大，致使本科生报考硕士研究生的人数逐年增加。除了大学毕业生对学术的追求以及社会对 高端人才 (top-level talent)的需求增加外，就业压力大也是造成 考研热 (postgraduate craze)的关键因素。基于人才市场竞争日益激烈，工作岗位供不应求，很多大学生毕业后选择继续深造而不是就业。虽然考研热在某种程度上反映了社会需求，但是也给大学生带来了巨大的心理压力。因此。中国高校需向学生提供适当的就业指导。