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1．有人认为，大学的价值在于向学生传授知识 2．有人认为，大学的价值在于培养学生完善的人格和独立思考的能力 3．我的观点

人民币升值会增加人民币的购买力，扩大国内消费者对进口产品的需求，还可以减轻进口能源和原料的成本负担。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the topic "While IQ gets you hired, EQ gets you promoted. " You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing(把……固定)legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays—not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industry's and our recognition that protecting mankind's great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge. We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.

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人口老龄化是指一个国家或地区老年人口增长的现象。生育率下降和人均 寿命 (life expectancy)延长是导致人口老龄化的两大因素。根据联合国传统标准，一个国家有超过10％的人口超过60岁就被称为老龄化社会。由于计划生育政策的影响，中国大陆已于1999年快速进入了老龄化社会。2011年底，中国60岁以上的老龄人口占当时人口总数13．7％以上。中国的人口老龄化带来了一系列社会问题，如劳动力资源相对短缺、国家福利和医疗服务支出增加。因此，中国人口老龄化问题亟待解决。

长江三峡 (the Three Gorges)是长江上最为壮丽的一段大峡谷，西起重庆奉节，东至湖北宜昌，全长193千米。陡峭的悬崖、危险的 浅滩 (shoal)和 湍急的 (turbulent)江水构成了三峡壮观的景象，给许多诗人和艺术家带来了创作灵感。长江三峡是中国古文化的发源地之一，沿岸有许多名胜古迹。三峡大坝是世界上最大的 水电站 (hydropower station)工程，也是中国有历史记载以来所建设的最大工程项目。三峡风景区将现代工程、自然风光和文化景观有机结合起来，吸引了世界各地的游客。

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然而，由于位置偏远、交通落后、与其他地区交流不足，中国西部地区在经济、文化、人民生活水平等方面不够发达。

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In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror—the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping. According to a weather expert's prediction, the atmosphere will be 31 warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food-growing zones. In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth. However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather? One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots(that is, the relatively less hot spots)on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward. Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia(惯性)of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun's diminishing heat.

互联网不仅给人们的生活带来了便利，也带来了很多隐患，尤其是个人信息的泄漏。上海的一项网上调查显示：97．4％的受访者称曾收过 垃圾短信 (spam message)或 骚扰电话 (harassment call)，60％受访者认为个人信息安全存在风险。个人信息泄露不仅会影响人的心情，还可能危及人们的财产安全和人身安全。要解决这一问题，需要每个人和政府的共同努力。一方面，网民要注意自我信息保护，防止个人信息泄露；另一方面，政府要健全和完善互联网信息相关的法律。

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Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the topic of turning off your mobile phone. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

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{{B}}Section B{{/B}}

Jason Braddock knew he had to pay for his college education, so he went to work. His first job was with his mother and aunt when he was 7 years old. They paid him $5 a night to do household【C1】______. When he was old enough to get a job on his own, Braddock worked for a【C2】______of fast-food restaurant chains, home improvement retailers and local movie theaters. In college, he【C3】______and worked as a computer tech on campus. Braddock is among the few college graduates who【C4】______earned a degree, without the help of student loans. Another job that will pay your tuition: the military. James Kendall, 30,【C5】______his bachelor's degree in criminal justice using the GI Bill, which covers tuition, fees, books and housing. The Michigan native didn't know what he wanted to do after graduating from high school in May 2001, but quickly decided on a path. He【C6】______as a Navy Seabee for five years of active duty service. During that time Kendall served two tours in Iraq and aided relief efforts for two【C7】______natural disasters—the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Kendall returned to Michigan in 2007 and earned an associate degree from Muskegon Community College before he【C8】______to Grand Valley State University. With his college and living expenses covered, he focused his attention on his school work and his daughter, who was in kindergarten at the time. Kendall volunteered in his daughter's classroom when he wasn't attending classes himself. He graduated last month【C9】______debt-free. And his experiences in the military gave him a【C10】______and knowledge that most college students don't have. A)tutored B)completely C)financed D)proportionally E)catastrophic F)chores G)participated H)self-reliantly I)mutual J)transferred K)series L)accommodations M)enlisted N)perspective O)motion

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{{B}}Part Ⅳ Translation{{/B}}