BSection A/B

继续教育 (continuing education)是指给完成学校教育的人员——尤其是成人——提供知识和技能的教育。继续教育是正规教育的有效补充，是终身学习体系的重要组成部分。在中国，继续教育包括自学考试、 函授教育 (correspondent education)、夜间大学和 电视大学 (open university)，有传统的课堂教学和远程学习等多种授课方式。近年来中国的继续教育体系发展显著，然而，严峻的危机也日益显露，如师资短缺、课程和教学方法落伍。只有解决这些问题，中国的继续教育才能继续发展，满足社会需要。

About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated, intelligence testing became unpopular. Some thought it was unfair to minority children. Through the past few decades such testing has gone out of fashion and many communities have indeed forbidden it. However, paradoxically, just recently a group of black parents filed lawsuit(诉讼)in California claiming that the state's ban on IQ testing discriminates against their children by denying them the opportunity to take the test(They believed, correctly, that IQ tests are a valid method of evaluating children for special education classes.)The judge, therefore, reversed, at least partially, his original decision. And so the argument goes on and on. Does it benefit or harm children from minority groups to have their intelligence tested? We have always been on the side of permitting, even facilitating, such testing. If a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence, or whether some other factor is the cause. What school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cause. It is not discriminative to evaluate either a child's physical condition or his intellectual level. Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. The same fluctuation back and forth occurs in areas other than intelligence. Thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so. And then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting became generally unpopular, and social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what are the best procedures. But surely good will on the part of all of us is needed. As to intelligence, in our opinion, the more we know about any child's intellectual level, the better for the child in question.

BSection A/B

中国功夫 (Chinese Kungfu)源远流长，有着上千年的历史。它蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟，是中华民族极其珍贵的文化遗产。练习中国功夫不仅可以强身健体，还能锻炼意志，修身养性。中国功夫的流派和类型五花八门，种类繁多，最著名的有少林功夫和 太极拳 (Tai Chi Chuan)。中国功夫日益成为中外影视作品的热门题材，励志的思想和令人赞叹的功夫动作，再加上爱情故事和幽默的情节，让中国功夫电影在全世界广受欢迎。

中国位于亚洲东部、太平洋的西岸，总面积约960万平方公里，是世界第三大国家。中国南北相距约5500公里，东西相距约5200公里。在地图上的形状像一只 雄鸡 (rooster)。 中国地势 (terrain)西高东低。地形多种多样，包括山地、 高原 (plateau)、 丘陵 (foothill)、盆地、平原。中国山地面积广大。几乎占陆地面积的三分之二，蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源。中国大陆海岸线长达18000公里，沿海岛屿数量众多，台湾岛是最大岛屿。中国有许多河流湖泊，是中国地理环境的重要组成部分。

古琴是我国古老的弹拨乐器，产于大约三千多年前的商周时期，在古代只称“琴”，近百年来为区别于其他乐器，才被称为“古琴”，是中国古代文人“琴棋书画”四艺之首。古琴在春秋战国时非常繁荣，此后持续两千多年，直到清中期、后期都在发展，鸦片战争以后逐渐衰落。自古文人似乎都离不开那一把并不华丽，却能发出绕梁妙音的古琴。古琴从最先作为祭祀的神器，到后来逐渐演变为修身养性的方式。

Although there are body languages that can cross cultural boundaries, culture is still a significant factor in all body languages. This is particularly true of personal space needs. For example, Dr. Edward Hall has shown that in Japan crowding together is a sign of warm and pleasant intimacy. In certain situations, Hall believes that the Japanese prefer crowding. Donald Keene, who wrote Living Japan, notes the fact that in the Japanese language there is no word for privacy. Still, this does not mean that there is no concept of the need to be apart from others. To the Japanese, privacy exists in terms of his house. He considers this area to be his own, and he dislikes invasion of it. The fact that he crowds together with others does not contradict his need for living space. Dr. Hall sees this as a reflection of the Japanese concept of space. Westerners, he believed, see space as the distance between objects; to them space is empty. The Japanese, on the other hand, see space as having as much meaning as their flower arrangements and art, and the shape of their gardens as well, where units of space balance the areas containing flowers or plants. Like the Japanese, the Arabs too prefer to be close to one another. But while in public they are crowded together, in privacy, they prefer a great deal of space. The traditional or wealthy Arab house is large and empty, with family often crowded together in one small area of it. The Arabs do not like to be alone, and even in their spacious houses they will huddle together. The difference between the Arab huddling and the Japanese crowding is a deep thing. The Arabs like to touch his companion. The Japanese, in their closeness, preserve a formality and a cool dignity. They manage to touch and still keep rigid boundaries. The Arabs push these boundaries aside. Along with this closeness, there is a pushing and shoving in the Arab world that many Westerners find uncomfortable, even unpleasant. To an American, for example, there are personal boundaries even in a public place. When he is waiting in line, he believes that his place there is his alone, and may not be invaded by another. The Arab has no concept of privacy in the public place, and if he can rush his way into a line, he feels perfectly within his rights to do so. To an American, the body is sacred; he dislikes being touched by a stranger, and will apologize if he touches another accidentally. To an Arab, bodily contact is accepted. Hall points out that an Arab needs at times to be alone, no matter how close he wishes to be, physically, to his fellow men. To be alone, he simply cuts off the lines of communication. He retreats into himself, mentally and spiritually, and this withdrawal is respected by his companions. If an American were with an Arab who withdrew in this way, he would regard it as impolite, as lack of respect, even as an insult.

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Archaeologists have long thought that stone ships served as graves for one or several individuals, and have even been viewed as death ships【C1】 1to take the dead to living eternally. However, a new study conducted by researchers from the University of Gothenburg shows a different picture. It suggests Bronze Age stone monuments in the form of ships were built by sailors as a symbol of their practices at sea. The study indicates that the stone ships and the activities that took place there point to people who were【C2】 2focused on practices at sea. Details found within the stone structures show they were built to【C3】 3real ships. The stone ships offer up【C4】 4about the ship-building techniques of the time and about the ships that sailed on the Baltic Sea during the Bronze Age. "These consist of areas that resemble hill forts and are located near easily【C5】 5points in the landscape—that is, near well-known waterways leading inland," Wehlin, head of the team, said. "While these areas have previously been thought to be much younger, recent age【C6】 6have dated them to the Bronze Age." Archaeologists have believed that bronze was【C7】 7to Scandinavia from the south, and recent analyses have helped confirm this【C8】 8However, the people who distributed the bronze objects are【C9】 9addressed in these thoughts. "One reason why the meeting places of the Bronze Age are not discussed very often is that we haven't been able to find them," Wehlin said. "This is in【C10】 10contrast to the trading places of the Viking Age, which have been easy to locate as they left behind such rich archaeological material." A)majorly B)represent C)evacuate D)rarely E)determinations F)clues G)anticipated H)inquiries I)intended J)approximately K)accessible L)notion M)inevitable N)immense O)imported 【C1】

Individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and own. Intellectual property【C1】 1from creative thinking and may include products, services, processes, and ideas. Intellectual property is protected from misappropriation(盗用). Misappropriation is taking the intellectual property of others without【C2】 2compensation and using it for monetary gain. Legal protection is provided for the owners of intellectual property. The three common types of legal protection are patents, copyrights, and trademarks. Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. If the U.S. Patent Office【C3】 3a patent, it is confirming that the intellectual property is unique. The patent prevents others from making, using, or selling the invention without the owner's【C4】 4for a period of 20 years. Copyrights are similar to patents except that they are applied to artistic works. A copyright protects the creator of an original artistic or intellectual work, such as a song or a novel. A copyright gives the owner exclusive rights to copy,【C5】 5display, or perform the work. The copyright prevents others from using and selling the work. The length of a copyright is【C6】 6the lifetime of the author plus an additional 70 years. Trademarks are words, names, or symbols that identify the manufacturer of a product and【C7】 7it from similar goods of others. A servicemark is similar to a trademark but is used to identify services. A trademark prevents others from using the【C8】 8or a similar word, name, or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and【C9】 9of the brand or to create confusion in the marketplace. Upon registration, a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years. It can be【C10】 10for additional ten-year periods indefinitely as long as the mark's use continues. A)recurred B)identical C)due D)typically E)grants F)parallel G)popularity H)distinguish I)retrieves J)renewed K)distribute L)results M)random N)permission O)instantaneously 【C1】

Throughout history man has observed such natural cycles as the rising and setting of the sun, the ebb and flow of the ocean tides, and the changes of the seasons. The【C1】______ nature of these events provided people with a measure of【C2】______ about things to come and give them reason to reflect on their past and plan for their future. The regularity of such social activities as work hours, meal times, and holiday schedules【C3】______ the extent to which human activity itself is organized in cycles. Recently,【C4】______ effort has been spent investigating the effect of various biological rhythms in the human body.【C5】______ , interest in these rhythms at least in part results from man's basic desire to predict future behavior. The human body【C6】______ a number of repeatable rhythms: heartbeats, breathing rates, brain waves and other physiological processes within the human machine. Scientists studying rhythms in humans have measured sleep patterns and attention【C7】______ over periods of several days, and have【C8】______ the fact that the cycles exist and exert effects on physiological and sociological behavior. A common example is jet lag. A person's traveling in the east-west direction across time zones【C9】______ his sleep cycles—it may take several days to return to the【C10】______ cycle or to readjust to a new one.A) indicates E) considerable I) Certainly M) securityB) demonstrated F) upsets J) Thankfully N) exhibitsC) verifying 6) disappoints K) spans O) limitsD) normal H) periodic L) gorgeous

低碳生活 (low-carbon life)倡导人们在生活中减少二氧化碳的排放，是一种低能量、低消耗和低开支的生活方式。它要求人们以更健康、更安全和更自然的方式进行人与自然的活动。如今，这股风潮逐渐在中国一些大城市兴起，不知不觉地改变着人们的生活。为了实行低碳生活，人们需要改变一些生活细节，如节约用电、不使用塑料袋和一次性产品、乘坐 公共交通工具 (public transport)等。低碳生活节能环保，大大有利于减缓全球气候变暖和环境恶化的速度。

北京的胡同大多形成于13世纪的元朝，至今已有几百年的历史。北京胡同的走向多为正东正西，宽度一般不超过九米。胡同文化是一种封闭的文化。住在胡同里的居民安土重迁，不大愿意搬家。有在一个胡同里一住几十年的，甚至有住了几辈子的。胡同里的房屋大多很旧了，旧房 檩 (purlin)，断砖墙。下雨天常是外面大下，屋里小下。一到下大雨，总可以听到房塌的声音，那是胡同里的房子。但人们舍不得“挪窝儿”，因为“破家值万贯”。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to the university president about the canteen service on campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below. 1．对食堂问题进行说明。 2．提出改进建议。 3．期待学校解决这一问题。

Six Secrets of High-Energy PeopleA)There's an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over the day holds. "I just can' t get started," people say. But it' s not physical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body.B)What you're seeking is not physical energy. It's emotional energy. Yet, sad to say, life sometimes seems designed to exhaust our supply. We work too hard. We have family obligations. We encounter emergencies and personal crises. No wonder so many of us suffer from emotional fatigue, a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit.C)And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant circumstances of their lives. Even as a child, I observed people who were poor, or disabled, or ill, but who nonetheless faced life with optimism and vigor. Consider Laura Hillenbrand, who despite an extremely weak body, wrote the best-seller Seabiscuit. Hillenbrand barely had enough physical energy to drag herself out of bed to write. But she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. It was emotional energy that helped her succeed.D)Unlike physical energy, which is finite and diminishes with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringing. So how do you get it? You can't simply tell yourself to be positive. You must take action. Here are six practical strategies that work.1. Do something newE)Very little that's new occurs in our lives. The impact of this sameness on our emotional energy is gradual, but huge: It's like a tire with a slow leak. You don't notice it at first, but eventually you' 11 get a flat. It' s up to you to plug the leak—even though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. That's where Maura, 36, a waitress, found herself a year ago.F)Fortunately, Maura had a lifeline-—a group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss their lives. Their lively discussions spurred Maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with a short haircut and new black T-shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business.G)Here's a challenge: If it's something you wouldn't ordinarily do, do it. Try a dish you've never eaten. Listen to music you'd ordinarily tune out. You'll discover these small things add to your emotional energy.2. Reclaim life's meaningH)So many of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went stale.I)The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it. A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. "I mistakenly believed that all the money I made would mean something," she says. "But I feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life." Ivy's solution? She started a program that shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled her life with meaning.3. Put yourself in the fun zoneJ)Most of us grown-ups are seriously fun-deprived. High-energy people have the same day-to-day work as the rest of us, but they manage to find something enjoyable in every situation. A real estate broker I know keeps herself amused on the job by mentally redecorating the houses she shows to clients. "I love imagining what even the most run-down house could look like with a little tender loving care," she says. "It's a challenge—and the least desirable properties are usually the most fun."K)We all define fun differently, of course, but I can guarantee this: If you put just a bit of it into your day, you energy will increase quickly.4. Bid farewell to guilt and regretL)Everyone's past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. But from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead weights that keep us from moving forward. While they can't merely be willed away, I do recommend you remind yourself that whatever happened is in the past, and nothing can change that. Holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the present.5. Make up your mindM)Say you've been thinking about cutting your hair short. Will it look stylish—or too extreme? You endlessly think it over. Having the decision hanging over your head is a huge energy drain. Every time you can't decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. Quit thinking that you have to make the right decision: instead, make a choice and don't look back.6. Give to getN)Emotional energy has a kind of magical quality: the more you give, the more you get back. This is the difference between emotional and physical energy. With the latter, you have to get it to be able to give it. With the former, however, you get it by giving it.O)Start by asking everyone you meet, "How are you?" as if you really want to know, then listen to the reply. Be the one who hears. Most of us also need to smile more often. If you don't smile at the person you love first thing in the morning, you're sucking energy out of your relationship. Finally, help another person—and make the help real, concrete. Give a massage(按摩)to someone you love, or cook her dinner. Then, expand the circle to work. Try asking yourself what you' d do if your goal were to be helpful rather than efficient.P)After all, if it's true that what goes around comes around, why not make sure that what's circulating around you is the good stuff?

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For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter applying for admission into a college or university. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1．入学条件。 2．学费和奖学金。 3．住宿情况。