单选题 Eleven summers ago I was sent to a management program at the Wharton School to be prepared for bigger things. Along with lectures on finance and entrepreneurship and the like, the program included a delightfully out-of-place session with Al Filreis, an English professor at the University of Pennsylvania, on poetry. For three hours he talked us through 'The Red Wheelbarrow' and 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.' The experience—especially when contrasted with the horrible prose of our other assigned reading—sent me fleeing to the campus bookstore, where I resumed a long-interrupted romance with meter and rhyme (韵). Professor Filreis says that he is 'a little shocked' at how intensely his Wharton students respond to this unexpected deviation from the businesslike, not just as a relief but as a kind of stimulus. Many write afterward asking him to recommend books of poetry. Especially now. 'The grim economy seems to make the participants keener than ever to think 'out of the box' in the way poetry encourages, ' he told me. Which brings me to Congress, an institution stuck deeper inside the box than just about any other these days. You have probably heard that up on Capitol Hill (美国国会山), they're very big on prayer breakfasts, where members gather over scrambled eggs and ask God for wisdom. You can judge from the agonizing debt spectacle we've watched this summer how well that's working. Well, maybe it's time to add some poetry readings to the agenda. I'm not suggesting that poetry will guide our legislators to wisdom any more than prayer has. Just that it might make them a little more human. Poetry is no substitute for courage or competence, but properly applied, it is a challenge to self-certainty, which we currently have in excess. Poetry serves as a spur to creative thinking, a reproach to dogma and habit, a remedy to the current fashion for pledge signing. The poet Shelley, in defense of poetry nearly two centuries ago, wrote, 'A man, to be greatly good, must imagine intensely and comprehensively; he must put himself in the place of another and of many others; the pains and pleasures of his species must become his own.' Shelley concludes that essay by calling poets 'the unacknowledged legislators of the world, ' because they bring imagination to the realm of 'reasoners and mechanists.' The relevance of poetry was declared more concisely in five lines from the love poem 'Asphodel, That Greeny Flower, ' by William Carlos Williams.. It is difficult to get the news from poems yet men die miserably every day for lack of what is found there.

单选题 相比于一些发达国家，中国高速铁路起步较晚，但十年间中国已经成为世界上高速铁路发展最快的国家。无论是基础建设、运营里程，还是技术经验和经营管理，中国高铁均在稳步、快速的发展进程中逐步向世界证明自身的能力。近年来，无论是外交访问(diplomatic visit)还是国外领导访华，我国领导人都会向外推介中国高铁，让中国高铁成为代表中国产品的名片，让世界见证中国的实力。中国高铁的向外输出在一定程度上标志着中国从技术引进走向自主创新(independent innovation)，在发展上实现了质的飞跃。

单选题 Using data from a research study that took place in the U.K. which asked families to report on their diets, the team found that vegetarian males were more likely to be depressed than their carnivorous (食肉的) counterparts. The sample included nearly 10000 men who had a pregnant partner, and everyone identified their dietary preference. Only 350 were reported being vegetarian. The scientists compared how both plant- and meat-eaters fared on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, used by U.K. doctors to determine if women are likely to develop postpartum (产后的) depression. The team found that vegetarians were more likely to have scores higher than 10, the minimum threshold of possible depression. They report their findings in the current issue of the Journal of Affective Disorders. The survey ferreted out some honesty about what exactly the participants meant by 'vegetarian.' Although the men who said they followed such a diet didn't eat burgers or hot dogs, they did consume nearly as much oily fish and shellfish as meat-eaters. And those who identified as vegetarian actually did indulge in red meat: 72 reported some consumption while only 16 of the vegetarians admitted to cheating. The researchers don't assert that being vegetarian causes depression. Instead, they're suggesting a link between plant-based diets and mental health. The primary theory for this link is that vegetarians receive fewer nutrients found in red meat, vitamin B12 specifically, and that could contribute to depressive symptoms. But the study authors believe this new data should spur a randomized controlled trial to further examine the relationship between meat and mood. Studies have increasingly shown that nutrition and depression are linked. As researchers noted in a paper, nutritional neuroscience has just begun looking at how nutrition impacts cognition, behavior and emotion. Many patients with mental disorders have deficiencies in certain nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids and B vitamins. In a small study of patients, doctors found that coupling vitamin B12 supplements with antidepressants significantly decreased symptoms.

单选题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTakingActionsIsMoreImportantthanDaydreaming.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

单选题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark 'Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.' You can cite examples to illustrate the impact of social environment. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

单选题 Latino, youths need better education for Arizona to take full advantage of the possibilities their exploding population offers. Arizona's fast-growing Latino population offers the state tremendous promise and a challenge. Even more than the aging of the baby boomers, the Latino boom is fundamentally reorienting the state's economic and social structure. Immigration and natural increase have added 600,000 young Latino residents to the state's population in the past decade. Haft of the population younger than 18 in both Phoenix and Tucson is now Latino. Within 20 years, Latinos will make up half of the homegrown entry-level labor pool in the state's two largest labor markets. What is more, Hispanics are becoming key economic players. Most people don't notice it, but Latinos born in Arizona make up much of their immigrant parents' economic and educational deficits. For example, second-generation Mexican-Americans secure an average of 12 grades of schooling where their parents obtained less than nine. That means they erase 70 percent of their parents' lag behind third-generation non- Hispanic Whites in a single generation. All of this hands the state a golden opportunity. At a time when many states will struggle with labor shortages because of modest population growth, Arizona has a priceless chance to build a populous, hardworking and skilled workforce on which to base future prosperity. The problem is that Arizona and its Latino residents may not be able to seize this opportunity. Far too many of Arizona's Latinos drop out of high school or fail to obtain the basic education needed for more advanced study. As a result, educational deficits are holding back many Latinos—and the state as well. To be sure, construction and low-end service jobs continue to absorb tens of thousands of Latino immigrants with little formal education. But over the long term, most of Arizona's Latino citizens remain ill-prepared to prosper in an increasingly demanding knowledge economy. For the reason, the educational uplift of Arizona's huge Latino population must move to the center of the state's agenda. After all, the education deficits of Arizona's Latino population will severely cramp the fortunes of hardworking people if they go unaddressed and could well undercut the state's ability to compete in the new economy. At the entry level, slower growth rates may create more competition for low-skill jobs, displacing Latinos from a significant means of support. At the higher end, shortages of Latinos educationally ready to move up will make it that much harder for knowledge-based companies staff high-skill positions.

单选题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Protect Intellectual Property? You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words following the outline given below. 1．保护知识产权越来越受重视 2．如何保护知识产权 3．我的观点

单选题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark 'There isn't anything noble about being superior to another person. True nobility is in being superior to the person you once were.' You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to stay modest. You should write at least 150 words but no mote than 200 words.

单选题1．近来电视相亲节目很流行；2．有人反对，有人支持；3．你的观点。

单选题 Are Teenagers Really Careless About Online Privacy? A. They share, like, everything. How they feel about a song, their maths homework, life (it sucks). Where they'll be next; who they're with now. Photos, of themselves and others, doing stuff they quite probably shouldn't be. They're the digital natives, fresh-minted citizens of a humming online world. They've grown up—are still growing up—with texting, Facebook, Line, Snapchat. They're the young, and they couldn't care less about privacy. At least, that's the assumption. But amid a rash of revelations about government surveillance (监视), it seems it's wrong. Young people do care, a lot, about privacy—just not the kind of privacy that exercises their parents. B. True, young people post information about themselves online that horrifies their elders. There remains 'a basic lack of awareness' about 'the potential longer-term impact of information leaks', says Andy Phippen, professor of social responsibility in information technology at Plymouth University. 'Many younger people just don't think in terms of their future employability, of identity theft, of legal problems if they're being provocative. Not to mention straightforward reputational issues.' (Paris Brown, Phippen adds, 'clearly never thought what she tweeted when she was 14' might one day stop her being Britain's first youth police commissioner.) C. Far more should be done in schools to teach children to be more concerned about the future impact of their online profile and reputation, Phippen argues. But the fact that they make mistakes does not mean they don't care about privacy. In fact, a report in May by the Pew Internet and the American Life Project found teenagers cared enough about online security for 60% to set their Facebook profiles to 'private' and to judge privacy settings 'not difficult at all' to manage. A similar number said they routinely delete past posts, block people, and post comments only particular viewers—typically, close friends—would understand. 'You have to think about what privacy means,' says Danah Boyd, a leading youth and social media researcher. 'What matters to them is social privacy: it's about how to control a social situation, which is something very different from controlling information.' D. The Pew report found that only 9% of teens were 'very' concerned about third parties like companies or government agencies accessing their personal information—compared with nearly half of their parents. Most young people have precious little idea of how much data social networking sites are collecting on them—but they tend, on the whole, to be quite relaxed about the idea, particularly if it comes as a trade-off for free use of the service. E. Teens, Boyd says, tend to be concerned not by unknown third parties accessing data about them, but by 'things that might be seen by the people who have power over them: parents, teachers, college admissions officers. The concern is more about your mother looking at your Facebook profile than government agencies or advertisers using data you've shared.' F. Young people are concerned, in other words, about getting into trouble. But that concern is every bit as real. So teens now manage their online security with 'a whole set of strategies', says Boyd. Many don't tell the truth online: according to the Pew Internet study, 26% of teen social media users say they post fake information like a false name, age or location. Others are more subtle. Boyd uses the term 'social steganography (隐写术)' to describe the practice of more than 50% of young people who use in-jokes and obscure references to effectively encode what they post. G. Nonetheless, says Mary Madden, co-author of the Pew Internet report, all the signs are young people today are increasingly 'practising good judgment. They'll say, 'I use a filter in my brain'; they do a lot of profile pruning (剪切), deleting and editing content, deleting tags. There's a new awareness.' This generation has, after all, 'grown up, learned to function in a world of social surveillance', says Madden. 'Far from being privacy-indifferent, they are mindful of what they post. They have a sense that adults are watching.' H. That sentiment may in part explain the recent popularity of new social networking services like Instagram and Snapchat, says Madden: 'Some feel the burden of the public nature of social networking. They're creating smaller groups with these new services.' I. Snapchat in particular appeals because it allows users to send annotated pictures, videos and messages to a controlled list of friends—and, crucially, to set a time limit for how long they can be viewed before they disappear and are deleted. Overall, confirms Madden, 'We're seeing a pattern that runs counter to the assumption that there's this sea of young people who just don't care about privacy. It's not borne out by the data. And in some cases, they actually have stronger opinions than some adults.' J. That certainly seems to be the picture emerging from two polls conducted earlier this year by the Pew Research Centre for the People and the Press with the Washington Post and USA Today, in the wake of Edward Snowden's revelations about broad surveillance by state security services. In the first of these polls, on 10 June, younger respondents proved much more likely than older to put personal privacy above an anti-terrorism probe: 45% of 18-to-29-year-olds said personal privacy was more important, even if protecting it limited the ability to investigate terrorist threats—compared with 35% in the 30-to-49 age range, and 27% of the over-50s. K. The second poll, on 17 June, asked whether Snowden's leaks of classified information about the NSA's phone and email surveillance programmes was in the public interest. It found that people under 30 were the only age group in which 'a clear majority'—60%—felt the revelations served the public interest. Older age groups were either divided, or thought the disclosures harmed the public interest. Similarly, 13-to-29 year-olds were less likely to feel Snowden should be prosecuted: fully 50% felt he should not be, against 44% who thought he should. That compares with 63% of over-50s who wanted see the whistleblower (告密者) pursued. L. Carroll Doherty, co-author of the second report, said previous surveys showed also that younger people—perhaps because they came of age after the 9/11 attacks—were generally less anxious about the risk of terrorism, and less likely to be concerned about the rise of Islamic extremism. Even after the Boston attacks earlier this year 'made young people more aware of threat', Doherty says, recent polling shows they still remain 'less likely to link Islam to terrorism, and less likely to say that government should investigate threats at a cost of personal privacy'. There is 'quite a consistent pattern here', he says: 'Young people tend to take a more liberal approach to issues around security and terrorism.' M. So should the older generation worry? Stanley of the ACLU thinks not. Many people, advertisers included, are all too happy to create the impression that young people don't care about 'silly old privacy concerns', he blogged. Many privacy invasions, too, 'are silent and invisible, and only a minority of people will know and care about them. But where people are aware of their loss of control over how they are seen by others, people of all ages will always assert their need for privacy in the strongest way.'