单选题 Questions6-8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

单选题 Directions: For this part, you ate allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should College Students Relieve Stress? You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words following the outline given below. 1．如今的大学生面临着多重压力 2．出现这些压力的原因 3．为了缓解压力，我认为……

单选题If you intend using humour in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to 27 shared experiences and problems. Your humour must be 28 to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in 29 with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the 30 methods of their secretaries; 31 if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful 32 , beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a 33 for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the 34 of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. 'Who is that?' the new arrival asked St. Peter. 'Oh, that's God.' came the reply, 'but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.' Look for the humour. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar 35 'If at first you don't succeed, give up' or a play on words or on a situation. Search for 36 and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humour. A. accommodations B. identify C. notorious D. disorganized E. quote F. canteen G. attempt H. alternatively I. sympathy J. line K. exaggerations L. increasingly M. head N. end O. relevant

单选题 水资源困境 中国是全球水资源最为匮乏的国家之一。拥有全球20%的人口，但淡水资源仅占全球的7%。中国淡水年消耗量达6000亿立方米，即每人400立方米——为美国人均使用量的1/4，不到国际定义的用水紧张量(water stress)的一半。淡水短缺对中国水资源密集型产业(water-intensive industry)的发展造成威胁。随着中国经济的快速增长，这一问题已变得更为明显。不仅耗水量大的工业，甚至一些城市里与日常生活息息相关的行业例如洗车业、公共洗浴场所和水疗中心(SPA center)都将受到用水限制。

单选题 We Must Train People to Break the Rules A. Lay out the entrails, read omens and auguries (前兆，预兆，征兆), study the heavens, and shake your hoary (陈腐的，老掉牙的) locks like an ancient prophet. Signs and portents bring us messages, and we should notice them before civilization crumbles. B. Off Hope Cove, on the Devon coast, a crew of strong, experienced men has saved a girl's life with minutes to spare, only to find itself 'disciplined' because the only boat available was classified as an 'additional facility awaiting inspection'. Earlier and farther inland, two stronger men stood helplessly in their luminous Police Community Support uniforms, wittering (絮叨; 啰唆) into radios because they lacked the correct certificates to try to rescue a drowning boy. C. Elsewhere, a coastguard resigned after saving a 13-year-old dangling from a cliff. He failed to fetch and buckle (用扣环扣住，扣紧) on his own safety harness, and immediately found himself in trouble from bosses droning that they 'don't want dead heroes'. D. Meanwhile a thousand small habitual practices—from cake stalls to carpentry classes—find themselves under heavy reproof (责备，责怪，指责) and restraint. And in a hospital ward somewhere a dying, fragile old man repeatedly falls out of bed because nurses reckon that they can't put up the sides of the bed without a 'risk assessment', in case they breach his 'human rights' and 'unlawfully imprison' him. E. A frantic family tries to get a telephone line reconnected to a remote Welsh hillside where a man has had a stroke, and meets only call-centre shrugs because they don't have the account number off the bill; a neighbour phones the weekend 'on-call' doctor service about a diseased nonagenarian (90至99岁的人) neighbour, to be told by the doctor that nothing can be done until they give the victim's correct postcode and date of birth. F. An amateur dramatic group has to find lock-up storage for two plastic toy swords; and in Huddersfield, citizens have to barricade the road before Binmen will take away rubbish bags that didn't fit correctly into the wheelie bins, although the surplus is entirely due to the said Binmen having been on strike and omitting the last collection. G. From distant California, thanks to Times online message boards, comes the echo of a voice from the Ancient World. Jim from E1 Centro responded to the Hope Cove rescue story at the weekend with a quotation from Marcus Tullius Cicero: 'A bureaucrat is the most contemptible of men, though he is needed as vultures (趁火打劫的人，乘人之危的人) are needed, but one hardly admires vultures, which bureaucrats so strangely resemble. I have yet to meet a bureaucrat who was not petty, dull, almost witless, tricky or stupid, an oppressor or a thief, a holder of little authority in which he delights, as a boy delights in possessing a vicious dog. Who can trust such creatures?' H. Something is wrong. We read too many stories about this craven, inhuman, poltroonish (怯懦的，胆小的) cowering behind rules and routines, and about individuals who get into trouble for momentarily breaching them in the name of humanity or sense. I take issue with Cicero and Jim a little, though—it is too easy to rage at bureaucracy itself and join in thoughtless laughing at 'suits'. Even Cicero accepts that efficient administration is necessary: It gets things done and distributed, and is a bulwark against chaos. So I think we have to choose our targets more carefully, and unpick more precisely the evil threads that make us so uneasy and unhappy and desperate to stick to rules in defiance of common sense and kindness. I. I would diagnose it as insecurity, linked to a misunderstanding of the concept of 'training' (which incidentally links straight back to the culture of unintelligent testing in schools), Depressed, anxious people always prefer to stick to rules rather than think for themselves; at the extreme they lapse (陷入，进入) into obsessive-compulsive disorder (强迫症), forever washing their hands and touching wood. Depressed, anxious institutions such as the Maritime (海事的) and Coastguard Authority, National Health Service (and quite a few call-centres) display this pathology (病理学) on a corporate level. You get the 'training', tick the right multiple-choice boxes and refuse to think that there might be another choice, not listed. You feel safer that way, like a troubled child determined not to colour outside the lines. J. Yet this is the opposite of real training, as practised for years in real armies, navies, laboratories and institutions. Real training lays down a framework of expertise and safety not to prevent initiative, but to free it. If you really know the rules and understand their purpose, you can judge when to make an exception and break them. K. A nurse should be able to think (as some no doubt do): 'Right, the patient is confused and rolling about, and might get hurt. I'll put up the sides of the bed and keep an eye on things, and have a word with the relatives later to explain.' L. The boat crew should feel flee to think (as they did): 'The big lifeboat isn't going to be in time. We know our own boat's safe even though it hasn't got the certificate yet, and if we do get into trouble it's worth a try to save a life—go for it!' The dustmen should say: 'OK, so there are bags lying beside the wheelie bins in violation of council regulations, but that'll be because of the strike, isn't it? Chuck (扔掉，丢弃) them in.' M. The NHS or telecom call-centre staff should be alert not only to the list of correct procedures on the wall, but to the note of panic in the distant voice. N. Employees should be allowed to be people too; and a good bureaucrat should feel safe to judge which value scored highest at the critical moment. We all see examples of this gentle accommodation every day. But we also know that those who break small rules for human values run a real risk, because of that corporate anxiety and depression. It is brought on by soulless micromanagement from the top and a culture that assumes the citizen is a fool. Keeping the balance is not always easy: But human life is a tightrope and always has been. Certainly the reckless rule-breakers should be curbed or sacked; but so should the stupidly rigid bureaucrats. O. Can't leave you on that gloomy note. So rejoice: 125 miles out in the dark North Sea, in the excellent Tall Ships Race, 13 crew (mainly teenage) have just been rescued from the flooded cutter Clyde Challenger by the crew of a fellow-competitor (mainly teenage), the Norwegian ketch Loyal. I am sure that they all obeyed the rules: Perish the thought that they wouldn't. But if they had to break a few, good luck to them.

单选题 Universities have started giving away their content free as 'massive open online courses', with the acronym (首字母缩略词) MOOC. Eleven top UK universities recently announced they were joining the Open University to launch FutureLearn, in a bid to catch up with the elite US institutions that have led the way in teaching huge numbers online. It all sounds great for people who, for one reason or another, can't go to a traditional university. But do MOOCs have anything to offer students who already study at a bricks-and-mortar institution, people like me who hate the niggling (烦人的) feeling that they might be missing out on a bargain? Well, I've signed up for a MOOC in microeconomics. I did it because I'm thinking about whether to do a master degree, and what to study. I'm testing my resolve: If I enjoy it enough to study in my own time, maybe I'm ready for masters. Better to find out before I hand over the money. Why else would a university student consider a MOOC? You could use it to boost CV—it shows you're motivated and you have a variety of interests and you're not struggling with your workload. And before you can use online courses to help you get a job, employers have to learn what they are and respect them. University isn't just about what you learn but proving you know it. The only proof you did your MOOC is that you clicked on 'I promise not to cheat' on the honor code. This is changing though: One of the biggest MOOC organizers, Coursera, is trialing facial recognition software to monitor students, and charging a small fee for verification. Do MOOCs pose a threat to old school universities? Should we fear that, before we've even paid them off, traditional university degrees will go the way of floppy (松软的，垂下的) disks? Probably not. As Patrick McGee writes, they are a long way from ready to replace traditional degrees. A MOOC versus traditional university mega-battle to the death is unlikely—instead online courses offer another option on higher education's menu of delights. MOOCs still have teething problems. A Coursera course—oh so ironically about planning online courses—crashed recently, unable to cope with the thousands of students trying to join online discussions. MOOCs are limited to subjects that can be assessed with multiple choice exams, marked automatically. Written any essays in your degree? Your professor's critique of them can't be replicated by a MOOC—yet. As for me, despite not making a single friend in a cohort (一批人) of 37000, I revelled in the chance to learn what I was interested in, on my own terms. MOOCs are a new take on education—and we traditional university students needn't miss out.

单选题 吃年夜饭是春节期间家家户户最热闹的时刻。除夕夜，丰盛的年夜菜摆满一大桌，一家人团聚在一起，围坐桌旁，欢声笑语，共享美餐。年夜饭可谓一年里最为丰盛的一顿大餐，为准备年夜饭，人们往往要提前忙上好几天，配备各种各样的食材。年夜饭上的菜肴各式各样，五花八门。一些地方一般少不了两样东西：一是火锅，二是鱼。火锅沸煮，热气腾腾，说明红红火火；“鱼”和“余”谐音，象征“吉庆有余”，也喻示“年年有余”。

单选题Natural disasters affect people at all levels. The experience can cause people to feel angry, 18 , and afraid. Mental health experts are worried about children who experience a 19 event before they are eleven years of age. They say such children are three times more likely to develop 20 problems than those who experience their first tragedy later in life. Experts say children are better able to deal with a tragedy if parents, friends and other 21 help them understand the experience. They say help should start as soon as possible after the event. Experts 22 a number of suggestions about how to explain a tragedy to children. They say that how adults react to a child's feelings and questions is important to helping a child feel safe again. First, experts say parents should try to control their reaction to the tragedy. Parents should remain as 23 as possible. They say children will react to what they see. Next, adults should help children feel 24 . Listen to the worries children 25 , without judging them. Parents should talk to their children. Tell children repeatedly that they and other loved ones are safe. Also, family members need to 26 in one area and spend more time together. Some experts ask adults to limit their time with radio or television when children are present. Experts also suggest that parents return to their normal 27 as soon as possible. They say people of all ages like to have an established way of doing things.

单选题New research finds that nearly 5200 kids are treated in an emergency department each year after falling from a window. That's 14 kids a day, according to a study published Monday. Typical hospital admission 25 for childhood injuries stand at 5%, but 25% of window-related injuries end up requiring care in the hospital, for pretty obvious reasons: a fall from a window can be 26 . New York City landlords are required to 27 the guards, which resemble horizontal jail bars and cover the bottom half of a window to forma barrier that prevents kids from 28 out. Programs like Children Can't Fly in New York and Kids Can't Fly in Boston, which have raised public 29 about the need for window guards, especially in high-rise buildings, have helped contribute to dramatic 30 in the number of children falling out of windows in those cities. Parents can also use window stops to 31 children. Stops are screwed into the window frame and block the window from sliding too far upward. Parents should further limit children's 32 to windows by moving dressers, beds and tables away from the openings; many kids fell through a window they accessed by climbing onto furniture. It's also important to be 33 watchful when the weather is warm since that's when windows tend to be open. And don't make the mistake of thinking that a window screen 34 any protection. It found that screens did not prevent falls. A. access B. account C. anxiety D. awareness E. crawling F. deadly G. entirely H. injurious I. install J. offers K. particularly L. protect M. rates N. reductions O. slipping

单选题 Now listen to the following recording and answer questions20-22.

单选题 1．有人认为生活中需要善意的谎言 2．有人认为任何形式的撒谎都是不对的行为 3．我的看法