单选题 While the 1970s pop psychotherapy movement focused on the importance of letting anger out, more recent research suggests that there's a smarter, healthier way to react to life's slings and arrows; with forgiveness. In a recent study, it was found that when individuals were about to forgive, they experienced greater joy, a more profound sense of control over life and less depression Sound appealing. a) Why holding a grudge (怨恨) can be harmful? Your boyfriend blows you off for an important date. If you stay angry at him, you'll probably get fresh flowers on your doorstep and maybe a fancy meal or two. But grudge-holding only gives us the illusion of power. If you hold on to that anger on a chronic basis, then it has power over you, eating away at your peace of mind and perhaps even your immune system. A study by Kathleen Lawler, Ph. D., a psychology professor at the University of Tennessee, confirms that people who are unable to forgive report more stress in their lives, more illness and more visits to the doctor than do forgiving folk. b) Going from a grudge to forgiveness A few ways to develop your capacity to turn the other cheek—Try writing a daily 'forgiveness' reminder in your journal; it may sound corny (过时的), but it's a great way to help gain control over your emotional life.—Write a letter to your offender, detailing exactly what's bothering you. Then toss it. You'll feel better, even if your message never reaches its intended target.—What, exactly, makes your blood boll? Forgiveness isn't about swallowing anger or being a doormat (逆来顺受的人). It's not about forgetting, either. On the contrary, it's about acknowledging an offence with your eyes wide open—and then releasing the anger. That means conjuring unempathy (不执著) toward the person who hurt you, then focusing on the good parts of your life. c) An act of courage Still not convinced that it's worth it to put your energies toward forgiving? Besides the benefits to your psyche and physical health, true forgiveness is a sign of strength and soulfulness. 'It takes a lot of moral muscle to forgive,' says Dr. Witvleit of Hope College in Michigan. The bottom line: Forgiving ultimately benefits the forgiver more than the person who has done wrong. So start putting your own well-being first, and live life with as much interest and love as you can.

单选题 香港是仅次于纽约和伦敦的全球第三大金融中心。香港实行“一国两制(one country，two systems)”，以良好的治安、自由的经济体系及完善的法制闻名于世。作为一个多元文化中心，香港是全球最富裕、最繁荣、最安全及人均寿命最长的地区之一。香港也是世界上重要的经济中心和航运枢纽，有“东方之珠”的美誉。同时，香港还是全球最受欢迎的旅游胜地之一，旅游业是香港四大支柱产业之一，很多知名景点都深受旅客欢迎。

单选题Cancer is the world's top 'economic killer' as well as its likely leading cause of death. Cancer costs more in 26 and lost life than AIDS, malaria, the flu and other diseases that spread person-to-person. Chronic diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes 27 for more than 60 percent of deaths worldwide but less than 3percent of public and private 28 for global health, said Rachel Nugent of the Center for Global Development, a Washington-based policy research group, Money shouldn't be taken away from fighting diseases that 29 person-to-person, but the amount 30 to cancer is way out of whack (重击) with the impact it has, said Otis Brawley, the cancer society's chief medical officer. Cancer's economic toll (损耗) was $895 billion in 2008—equivalent to 1.5 percent of the world's gross 31 product, the report says. That's in terms of disability and years of life lost—not the cost of treating the disease, which wasn't addressed in the report. Many groups have been pushing for more attention to non-infectious causes of death, and the United Nations General Assembly has set a meeting on this a year from now. Some policy experts are 32 it to the global initiative that led to big increases in spending on AIDS nearly a decade ago. 'This needs to be discussed at the UN—how we are going to deal with this rising burden of 33 disease', said Dr. Andreas Ullrich, medical officer for cancer control at WHO. Researchers used the World Health Organization's death and disability reports, and economic data from the World Bank. They 34 disability-adjusted life years, which reflect the impact a disease has on how long and how 35 people live. A. productively B. supplying C. shifting D. spread E. account F. funding G. calculated H. devoted I. productivity J. chronic K. comparing L. domestic M. doubtful N. clumsily O. disability

单选题 'Deep reading'—as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Web—is an endangered practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art. Its disappearance would jeopardize the intellectual and emotional development of generations growing up online, as well as the preservation of a critical part of our culture: the novels, poems and other kinds of literature that can be appreciated only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been trained to understand them. Recent research in cognitive science and psychology has demonstrated that deep reading—slow, immersive, rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity—is a distinctive experience, different in kind from the mere decoding of words. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely helpful to the deep reading experience. A book's lack of hyperlinks (超链接), for example, frees the reader from making decisions—Should I click on this link or not?—allowing her to remain fully immersed in the narrative. That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, indirect reference and figures of speech., by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for empathy (认同). None of this is likely to happen when we're browsing through a website. Although we call the activity by the same name, the deep reading of books and the information-driven reading we do on the Web are very different, both in the experience they produce and in the capacities they develop. A growing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less engaging and less satisfying, even for the 'digital natives' to whom it is so familiar. Last month, for example, Britain's National Literacy Trust released the results of a study of 34 910 young people aged 8 to 16. Researchers reported that 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only 28% read printed materials every day. Those who read only onscreen were three times less likely to say they enjoy reading very much and a third less likely to have a favorite book. The study also found that young people who read daily only onscreen were nearly two times less likely to be above-average readers than those who read daily in print or both in print and onscreen.

单选题 Questions13-16 are based on the passage you have just heard.

单选题 Questions10-13 are based on the passage you have just heard.

单选题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark 'Good habits result from resisting temptation.' You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

单选题Many of today's college students are suffering from a form of shock. Lisa is a good example of a student in shock. She is an attractive, intelligent twenty-year-old college 25 at a state university. Now, only three years later, Lisa is miserable. She has 26 her major four times and is forced to hold down two part-time jobs in order to pay her tuition. She suffers from sleeping and eating disorders and has no 27 friend. Sometimes she burst out crying for no 28 reason. What is happening to Lisa happens to millions of college students each year. As a result, roughly one-quarter of the student population at any time will suffer from 29 of depression. Half of them will experience depression intense enough to call for 30 help. But many of them 31 the idea because they don't want people to think there's something wrong with them. There are two reasons today's college students are suffering more than in earlier generations. First is a weakening family support 32 . Today, with high divorce rate, the traditional family is not always available for support. Another problem is 33 pressure. In the last decade, tuition cost rose about sixty-six percent at public colleges and ninety percent at private schools. Most students, 34 , must work at least part-time. It can be depressing to students to be faced with the added tuition costs. A. apparent I. intimate B. automatic J. junior C. consequently K. professional D. consistently L. recalled E. decline M. structure F. delightful N. switched G. finance O. symptom H. financial

单选题 Questions17-20 are based on the recording you have just heard.

单选题 Minority Report American universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is another matter. A. Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%. 'It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places, ' he told a NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes. B. 'If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America, ' says Hilary Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education. 'But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population.' C. The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25-to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55-to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. D. Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college—but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity. E. The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison—one of the top five or so prestigious public universities—graduated 81% of its white students within six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. During the same time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its white students, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally—but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% of African-Americans did so as well. F. Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby Colby College logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. Middlebury College in Vermont, another top school, had a 19-point gap in 2007 and a 22-point gap in 2006. The most selective private schools—Harvard, Yale, and Princeton—show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates. But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best students. According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lani Guinier, the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are descendants of American slaves. G. 'Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student, ' says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. 'If they fail, it's their fault.' Some critics blame affirmative action—students admitted With lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are 'undermatched': they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. H. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill—knowing full well that the students won't make it. 'The school keeps the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end, ' says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust. I. A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university—after financial aid—equaled 28% of median (中间的) family income, while a four-year private university cost 76% of median family income. More and more scholarships are based on merit, not need. Poorer students are not always the best-informed consumers. Often they wind up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out. J. There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates. Professors would begin the year by saying, 'Look to the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year.' But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. K. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust to the rigor (严格要求) and faster pace of a university classroom—and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified. Wisconsin has a 'laserlike focus' on building up student skills in the first three months, according to vice provost (教务长) Damon Williams. L. State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them some preparatory courses. The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. Such programs can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholar-ships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support. M. With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Lexington, Va. Its student body is less than 5% black and less than 2% Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90% of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63% by 2007. 'We went through a dramatic shift, ' says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring (辅导) of minorities by other students and 'partnering' with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the school graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.

单选题 鲁迅 鲁迅，原名周树人，是中国现代文学巨匠。鲁迅是20世纪的重要作家，新文化运动的领导人，左翼文化运动的支持者。鲁迅的作品对五四运动以后的中国文化与中国文学产生了深刻的影响。鲁迅赴日本留学时选择的是现代医学，这是因为父亲的病故使他对中医产生了严重的怀疑。但一年之后，他认为救国救民需先救思想，于是弃医从文，写下了《狂人日记》(A Madman's Dairy)等一系列发人深思的作品，唤醒了一批热血青年的爱国救国之志。