单选题48. He said that he ______ to 105 pounds.

单选题4. Which of the following italicized parts does NOT indicate RESULT? ______

单选题 Yellowknife is home to around 20

单选题13. The authorities have offered a large ______ for information leading to the leaker's arrest.

单选题7. The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person ______ he choose to be.

单选题 Finally

单选题4. Professor Brown and Professor Smith will ______ in presenting the series of lectures on British literature.

单选题17. He is now a teacher and a ______ member of the community.

单选题. Section A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Passage One (1) Google has an ambitious vision for spectacles. On June 27th Sergey Brin, one of the company's co-founders, revealed the next stage of Project Glass, its effort to create wireless-connected glasses that allow their wearers to do a host of things, including receiving and responding to messages, and taking and sharing photos and videos. The goal is to get prototypes in the hands of software developers early next year and then to sell a more polished set of specs to consumers in late 2013 or early the following year. (2) A product of Google's secretive X Lab, whose mission is to push the boundaries of computing, the glasses were on show at the company's developer conference in San Francisco along with several other gadgets, including a cheap tablet computer and a new wireless media player for the home. These gadgets attracted plenty of attention, but the longest queues at the event were at booths where folk were trying on Google's spectacles. (3) That is hardly surprising because the glasses seem like something out of a science-fiction novel. A tiny transparent display towards the top of one lens allows wearers to see text and images by glancing upwards. And the spectacles can be controlled using either voice commands or a somewhat bulky touchpad integrated into one of the arms. Mr. Brin says the goal is to "get technology out of the way" so people can, say, take videos without having to pull out a camera or smartphone each time they do so. (4) Google's glasses reflect a growing interest in wearable computing, which many experts think could be the next big thing in personal technology after smartphones and tablets. But some tech veterans give warning that designing novel devices people feel comfortable wearing is an especially tricky task. "In general, the first attempt at producing new computing paradigms rarely sticks," notes Sumeet Jain of CMEA Capital, a venture-capital firm. (5) If Google's glasses are to prove an exception to that rule, the firm will have to meet several challenges. One is to refine their design so that wearers don't look like nerds from a laboratory. Another is to relieve inevitable concerns around privacy that the glasses will raise. The firm will also need to reassure people their eyeballs won't be blitzed with advertising, which is Google's preferred way to mint money. Mr. Brin stresses the aim is to make a profit on the glasses themselves, whose mass-market price will be well below the $1,500 developers are paying for a pair. That should make them worth a close look. (本文选自www.economist.com) Passage Two (1) Because I married a photographer, once we had children, our holiday cards of course became vehicles for their cuteness and his creativity. In 2000, baby number one's chubby smiling face in a Santa hat was the cover image. In 2004, our now-four faces were ornaments on a tree. By 2006, we wore stocking caps and lay down in bed together with a thought bubble over our sleeping heads filled with cherries. Our best card was our last, in 2010. We dressed in extravagant holiday finery, gowns, jackets and bow-ties. We titled it: "Don We Now Our Gay Apparel." (2) That was two years ago. We mailed it out in envelopes, signed, sealed and delivered by the U. S. Postal Service and its analogues in distant lands. Good cheer and laughs in mailboxes all around! It's been downhill ever since. By last year, we'd let our mailing list go to seed. We communicated with most of our friends online and no longer had street addresses for them. (3) I didn't know it then but my world, my social world, was changing. Today, my 1,500 Facebook friends—l, 300 of whom I have never actually met—have already seen the best of the year's haul of pictures of my kids. They also know where I've gone on vacation and sometimes, what I cooked for dinner or what I thought of a movie on a Saturday night in May. There's little point to writing a Christmas update now, with boasts about grades and athletic skill, hospitalizations and holidays, and the dog's accidents, when we have already posted these events and so much more of our trifles all year long. The urge to share has already been well satisfied. (4) Likewise, as receivers, we already have real-time windows into the lives of people thousands of miles away. We already know exactly how they've fared in the past year, much more than could possibly be conveyed by any single Christmas card. If a child or grandchild has been born to a former colleague or high school friend living across the continent, not only did I see it within hours on Shutterfly or Instagram or Facebook, I might have seen him or her take his or her first steps on YouTube. (5) Still, the demise of the Christmas photo card saddens me. It predicts the end of the U.S. Postal Service. It signals the day is near when writing on paper is non-existent. Finally, it is part of a decline of a certain quality of communication, one that involved delay and anticipation, forethought and reflection. Opening these cards, the satisfaction wasn't just in the Peace on Earth greeting, but in the recognition that a distant friend or relative you hadn't heard from in a year was still thinking about you, and maybe sharing news about major events of the past 12 months. (6) We know each other so well now, perhaps too well. And yet, all the time logged into our computers has also taken us away from our nearest and dearest. Who can say they spent as much time looking into the eyes of family, friends and neighbors as into the colorful phone or laptop screen last year? This season, instead of sending cards, my winter holiday greeting at the end of 2012 will be this: after posting the obligatory seasonal wishes online on Christmas Eve, I will be clicking off the electronic messaging services, and trying to connect in person with my friends, neighbors and family members for a change. (本文选自www.time.com) Passage Three (1) In The Art of Choosing, Sheena Iyengar, a business professor at Columbia University and a leading expert on decision making, tells us that making sound choices is even more difficult than we think. To learn how to make better decisions, we first need to become aware of the pitfalls (陷阱) we typically encounter. (2) Iyengar reveals, for example, that having many options to choose from does not lead to better outcomes, despite popular assumptions to the contrary. For instance, she found that consumers were far more likely to buy jam when given fewer flavor choices, not more. "We frequently pay a mental and emotional tax for freedom of choice," she writes. To become better choosers, Iyengar proposes that when confronted with an abundance of options, people should focus first on the easiest elements of the decision and work up to the more complex parts. (3) She illustrates this point using one study in which Audi buyers had to choose among 144 total car features. One group started with the features that required fewer options, such as whether they wanted leather or upholstered interiors, and worked up to features with many options, such as choosing among 56 colors for the car's interior and exterior. The other group started with the hardest choices and moved toward the easier ones. In the end, those in the group that went from the hardest to easiest spent an average of 1,500 euros more on their cars than the other group and reported they were less happy with their decisions. (4) Iyengar also explains that we often make decisions not based on our tastes but on how we think our decisions will be perceived. In 2000 a team of psychologists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Columbia University showed that people receiving a free sample of beer chose against their tastes to avoid looking like copycats to their peers. Individuals who picked their beers in private, however, chose what they enjoyed and said they were happy with their decisions. Iyengar points out that the people who chose against their tastes were often unconscious of what motivated their decisions. Thus, she proposes that one way to avoid strong and sometimes silent influences is to try to become more aware of them in the first place. (5) Ultimately, Iyengar wants us to recognize that our decisions—both the mundane (普通的) and momentous—are influenced by many factors and that the more we recognize those factors, the more satisfied we will be. (本文选自www.sheenaiyengar.com) Passage Four (1) Executive coaching is primarily concerned with confidential one-to-one discussions between the coach and the executive. It is aimed at performance improvement. Primary needs are diagnosed and agreed upon, a "developmental-action plan" is drawn up, the skill base of the executive is broadened by coaching, and then the new skill sets are tested in the workplace under the guidance of the coach. Sometimes, these needs involve team coaching, but individual coaching is the normal starting point. The coach needs to guide the executive outside his or her comfort zone in order to improve performance. (2) A coaching assignment normally focuses on two or three developmental needs of the individual, and lasts for 6 to 12 months. However, it sometimes involves multiple assignments aimed at bringing about cultural change in an organization. For example, a new chief executive may want to change the culture of his organization. He could then hire a coach, and brief him or her to change the mindset of his direct subordinates on a one-to-one basis. (3) Compared with traditional management training, which is typically related to broadbased organizational change, sometimes of a technical nature, executive coaching is targeted to individual and small-group change. The primary focus of coaching is often behavioural and leadership change, and is rarely of a technical nature. The difference between coaching and training is that coaching is one-to-one, highly confidential and over 6-12 months, whereas training is typically of a short-term, group-work-shop nature. (4) Referring to the key ingredients for enhanced performance and team success, business coaching has a lot to learn from sports. (5) According to sports coaches, a coach is a catalyst for change, and is not paid to preserve the status quo, but to lift people out of their comfort zone, so that they grow and develop. The coach must stay in touch with the state of the art and extract from it what is relevant. (6) All sports coaches believe passionately in the power of the team to lift performance not by just a little, but by 100%. Considerable energy is devoted to defining goals, roles, a code of conduct and to fostering group dynamics in order to optimize team productivity. (7) Both success and failure are learning opportunities, and there is a severity in their cold-eyed, weekly analysis, which business has yet to develop. Top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them, but they are never distracted from longer-term goals. (8) To be a champion athlete means developing an elitist attitude—not involving arrogance, but rather an unceasing desire to learn and improve. They never accept second best, but always strive for what has not yet been achieved. (9) There must be a sport/life balance, so that athletes are not obsessed by their goals, and thus lack a sense of perspective to cope with inevitable failure or occasional success, or the ability to re-charge their batteries outside the sporting arena. (本文选自www.brefigroup.co.uk)1. The most popular product(s) at Google's developer conference in San Francisco was/were ______.(Passage One)

单选题12. Pharmacologist Tu Youyou has become the first Chinese woman to win America's respected Lasker Award for her discovery of a new ______ to malaria treatment.

单选题27. You needn't worry ______ regards the cost of the operation.

单选题. SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are four passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Passage One (1) Edna O'Brien has lived in London for a few decades, but she speaks, as she writes, in a voice inflected with the rhythms and accents of the west of Ireland, where she grew up. She calls herself "an exile (放逐者)", like her great literary forebears, Joyce and Beckett, whom she reveres, and points out that exiles "tend not to go back". "The place I grew up in is my imagery, my geography of mind and pen," she says. "But to live there again..." Uncharacteristically (非同寻常地), she leaves the thought uncompleted, preferring to direct me to the final scene of her new memoir, Country Girl, in which she meets an Irishwoman in the street who tells her about her aunt in Dublin before adding, "But we live here now." O'Brien agrees: "'We do,' I said, and it was as if the two countries warred and jostled and made friends, inside me, like the two halves of my warring self." (2) For most of the latter half of her exile—some 25 years—O'Brien has lived in a "book-laden" house in the cosmopolitan district of Knightsbridge, a five-minute walk from Harrods, London's most famous department store. Expensive sportscars and SUVs line the pavements, and the shops are exclusive boutiques, which are the favorite of fashionable elegant ladies. Most of the houses have steps leading up to glossy front doors, but O'Brien's is reached by a dark alley that runs to a side entrance. Among the moneyed anonymity of the neighborhood, it feels set apart. There is a leather-bound edition of Shakespeare on the table in the first-floor sitting room, and a copy of Finnegan's Wake occupies a prominent position on the shelf. Despite the spring sunshine, there is a fire in the grate. Edna O'Brien has always been renowned as a great beauty, and at the age of 82, she remains good-looking. (3) On the day we met, she had just returned from a series of literary festivals in Ireland, where she was well received—which has not always been the case. Country Girl not only revisits her childhood in County Clare, her convent (女修道院) education, and unhappy first marriage, but the scandal that ensued in Ireland when she fictionalized those episodes in her first novels. She has continued to explore her childhood memories in her fiction, but she says the memoir offers a different perspective: "Some of the material overlaps, but it's differently rendered. The mother that exists in my fiction is the same mother as in my memoir, but it's not the same aspects of her." Besides, she does not apologize for returning again and again to her early years: "Childhood imagery, experiences, griefs, and joys—if they are there—are formative for a writer. Some people remember their childhoods in a generalized way, as rich or poor, happy or sad, but a writer's early life is embedded in them." Passage Two (1) All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor. By age three, kids with professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers. They know twice as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests. By age 10, the gap is three years. By then, some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math skills, and many never will: this is the age at which failure starts to become irreversible. (2) A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps. Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard. One Finnish district official, asked about the number of children who don't complete school in her city, replied, "I can tell you their names if you want." In the United States, KIPP charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that almost every one of them graduates high school—80 percent make it to college. Singapore narrowed its achievement gap among ethnic minorities from 17 percent to 5 percent over 20 years. (3) These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality pre-schooling does more for a child's chances in school' and life than any other educational intervention. One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality pre-school; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced. (4) Second, recognize that the average kid spends about half his waking hours up until the age of 18 outside of school—don't ignore that time. KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American students. They arrive earlier, leave later, attend more regularly, and even go to school every other Saturday. Similarly, in 1996, Chile extended its school day to add the equivalent of more than two more years of schooling. (5) Third, pour lots of effort to train teachers. Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective. Systems such as Singapore's are choosy about recruiting; they invest in training and continuing education; they evaluate teachers regularly, and they award bonuses only to the top performers. (6) Finally, recognize the value of individualized attention. In Finland, kids who start to struggle receive one-on-one support from their teachers. Roughly one in three Finnish students also gets extra help from a tutor each year. If we can learn the lesson of what works, we can build on it. Passage Three (1) In Japan, where career opportunities for women are few, where divorce can mean a life of hardship, and where most female names are still formed using a word for child, a woman's independence has always come at a steep price. (2) Notions of women's liberation have never taken root among Japanese women. But with scant open conflict, the push for separate burials is quietly becoming one of the country's fastest growing social trends. In a recent survey by the TBS television network, 20 percent of the women who responded said they hoped to be buried separately from their husbands. (3) The funerary revolt comes as women here annoy at Japan's slow pace in providing greater equality between the sexes. The law, for example, still makes it almost impossible for a woman to use her maiden name after marriage. Divorce rates are low by western standards, meanwhile, because achieving financial independence, or even obtaining a credit card in one's own name, are insurmountable hurdles for many divorced women. Until recently, society enforced restrictions on women even in death. Under Japan's complex burial customs, divorced or unmarried women were traditionally unwelcome in most graveyards, where plots are still passed down through the husband's family and descendants must provide maintenance for burial sites or lose them. (4) "The woman who wanted to be buried alone couldn't find a graveyard until about 10 years ago," said Haruyo Inoue, a sociologist of death and burial at Japan University. She said that graveyards that did not require descendants, in order to accommodate women, began appearing around 1990. Today, she said, that there are close to 400 of these cemeteries in Japan. That is just one sign of stirring among Japanese women, who are also pressing for the first time to change the law to be able to use their maiden names after marriage. (5) Although credit goes beyond any individual, many women cite Junko Mastubara, a popular writer on women's issues, with igniting the trend to separate sex burials. Starting three years ago, Ms. Mastubara has built an association of nearly 600 women—some divorced, some unhappily married, and some determinedly single—who plan to share a common plot curbed out of an ordinary cemetery in the western suburb of Chofu. Passage Four (1) There's something about the Internet that can bring out meanness in teenagers. (2) That is one finding of a study to be released Wednesday, reporting that nine in ten teenagers say they have witnessed cruelty by their peers on social networks. (3) For the vast majority of teens, Facebook is the social network of choice. Incidents of mean and cruel behavior are pervasive and cut across all ages and backgrounds on social networks, according to the study by the Pew Research Center's Internet American Life Project, which surveyed 800 children between the ages of 12 and 17. (4) The data on Internet experiences for young people is not all bad. Eight in ten teenagers said they have developed positive feelings about themselves and forged better friendships on social networking sites, according to Pew. (5) Still, the prevalence of "mean" behavior—a term the center doesn't define—raised concerns among child-safety advocates and parents who say adolescents may be subjecting themselves to unhealthy online environments. "For teens, these are exciting and rewarding spaces. But the majority have seen a darker side," said Amanda Lenhart, a co-author of Pew's report, "Teens, Kindness and Cruelty on Social Network Sites". (6) Of course, bad behavior among children has been around as long as youngsters have stolen milk money and scribbled insults on bathroom walls, experts say. And online bullying is not as common as what takes place on the schoolyard or in the hallway, Pew said. But there is something about the ease of communication on the Internet that invites an abundance of commentary about peers, experts say. That escalates when people gang up on an individual. Of the teens who said they witnessed cruelty online, 21 percent said they joined in the harassment. Three out of 10 girls ages 12 to 13 said they have experienced mostly unkind treatment on social networks--the most negative response of any group of youth, according to the report. (7) Lenhart and other experts on social media said teenagers see themselves differently online than in the real world. Some assume a sort of "alter ego" on the Web, engaging in conversation with more bravado (逞能) and taking more risks than they do when face to face with a peer, she said. Peers can be particularly cruel on sites such as FormSpring that allow users to post comments anonymously, or on the comment boards of sites such as YouTube, according to experts. (8) Facebook—with 800 million global users—requires its members to use their real identities, which it thinks is one way to prevent anonymous bullying. It also allows users to block photos of and comments about themselves that they don't like. (9) But that hasn't stopped all bullying. And some experts worry that younger adolescents are particularly vulnerable. Rachel Simmons, an author and speaker on children and social media, said bullying occurs most in middle school, yet parents are often helping their children get online when they are younger than 13, the minimum age required for Facebook. (10) "The younger the kid, the meaner the peer group becomes, so this is an alert to parents that not every kid is ready for the independence of having their own social networking page," Simmons said.1. According to the passage, Edna O'Brien calls herself "an exile" because ______. (Passage One)

单选题. SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are four passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE (1) For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists—that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal. (2) More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called "human nature". The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology. The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to "human nature" in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying. (3) Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man. PASSAGE TWO (1) Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal-or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class-whether a person is "working-class" or "middle-class" are one area in which changes have been extremely slow. (2) In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers' jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her "housekeeping", would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting. (3) The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was—and still is—inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house of these provide him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans. (4) Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve job security, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about "tomorrow". Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact, there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position. (5) The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups. PASSAGE THREE (1) Four people in England back in 1.953, stared at Photo 5I, It wasn't much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed—the shape of DNA The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out. (2) Her name was Rosalind Franklin. "She should have been up there," says historian Mary Bowden. "If her photos hadn't been there, the others couldn't have come up with the structure." One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors (3) At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Click tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA's parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King's College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule (分子). The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape. (4) But Wilkins and Franklin's relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick. Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project. What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return, "Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place." (5) As Franklin's competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin, Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that "Franklin was only two steps away from the solution." (6) No, Franklin was the solution. "She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer," Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the "Dark Lady of DNA", Franklin is finally coming into the light. PASSAGE FOUR (1) I remember the way the light touched her hair. She turned her head, and our eyes met, a momentary awareness in that noisy fifth grade classroom. I felt as though I'd been stuck a blow under the heart. Thus began my first love affair. (2) Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied in her presence. Does anyone, anymore, wander in the shadows of evening, drawn by the pale light of a window-her window-like some unlucky summer insect? (3) Her beauty made me awkward and my voice crack (沙哑) is like some impossible dream now. I would catch sight of her, walking down an aisle of trees to or from, and I'd become a fool. She always seemed so charming. (4) At home, I'd relive each meeting between us, suffering at the thought of my shortcoming. (5) We eventually got to know as we entered our adolescence, she knew I had a case on her, and I sensed her emotional tolerance for me. "Going steady" implied a maturity we still lacked. Her Orthodox Jewish upbringing and my own Catholic belief made even kissing a distant prospect, however strongly desired. (6) At any rate, my love for Rachel remained without result. We graduated from high school, she went on to college, and I joined the Army. When World War II broke out, 1 was sent overseas. For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years. (7) I mentioned the possibility of marriage in my nest letter, and almost immediately her replies became less frequent, less personal. Her Dear John letter finally caught up with me while I was awaiting discharge. She gently explained the impossibility of a marriage between us. (8) Looking back on it, I must have recovered rather quickly, although for the first few months I believed I didn't want to live. Like Rachel, I found someone else, whom I learned to love with a deep and permanent commitment that has lasted to this day.1. The traditional view of "human nature" was strongly challenged by ______.(PASSAGE ONE)

单选题10. I suppose that he is just joking, ______?

单选题.1.

单选题. Section A Multiple-Choice Questions Text A A cassette deck plays an audio tape from the woman who died Tuesday and she is asked, "How do you feel about dying?" "I'm looking forward to it." Two days before her death, an 80-year old cancer patient made this audio tape. She said she was suffering, and no longer able to do things she enjoyed, such as gardening in her back yard. The unidentified woman says, "Somebody saying that I—to sit in a chair, waiting to die—that's not right, because I was always able to get around and do things and now suddenly I'm in a position I can't even walk very good and I have trouble breathing." Tuesday evening, in the presence of family members in her home, the still unidentified woman swallowed a lethal dose of drugs. Barbara Coombs Lee says, "She took some medication that prevented any nausea and vomiting. She took her dose, the lethal dose of medication. She followed it with a shot of brandy and she fell asleep almost immediately." The killing dose of barbiturates was legally prescribed by a doctor. Under Oregon's law, first in the nation, doctors may assist a patient to kill him or herself if that patient makes it clear that's what they want and if they have less than six months to live. The woman talked with three physicians before finding one to help her die. Barbara Coombs Lee says, "Her original attending physician said he was not interested in participating and so she went to another attending physician. She actually went to a third attending physician because the second person, although was not opposed, he was not actually willing to meet her needs as she saw them." Coombs did not attend the suicide. But she has been a leading advocate for Oregon's death with dignity act, passed by voters in 1994, and overwhelmingly reaffirmed in a ballot measure last November. Oregon's Roman Catholic church fought the law. Archbishop John Vlazny says, "We are very fearful more people are going to feel that what we are trying to tell them it's better to die than to burden us with your weakened life. That's a great fear I personally have." It's been five months since Oregon's Death with Dignity law took effect. This is the first suicide to be reported under the law. The report led to disclosure of still another, doctor-assisted death. A woman told the Portland newspaper, The Oregonian, that a family member suffering from cancer killed herself prior to Tuesday's suicide. Text B In North Beach in San Francisco, where some pretty super food gets served every night "Absolutely very super food!" "I really like the taste" are comments by two diners. But we're not just talking about taste. Research now shows some foods, including tomatoes, onions, garlic, and olive oil—are among the superfoods. Superfoods are packed with powerful chemicals that may offer your body great protection against chronic disease. "Including cancer, obesity, and heart disease. Vibrantly colored red yellow orange and green all giving you different types of phytochemicals!" Natalie Ledesma is a registered dietician at U.C.S.F. She says compounds found in superfoods—called phytochemicals—can reduce the risk of cancer, boost the immune system, and even protect the heart. She showed us what everyone should try to eat each week for optimal health. On her shopping list? Herbs! Dark green ones (herbs), like rosemary and thyme, and any intensely colored spice, like tumeric or red pepper. "Both of those have anti-inflammatory properties." Tumeric may reduce the risk of leukemia, skin, and liver cancers. Hot peppers may reduce the risk of colon, stomach, and rectal cancers. Also on the list: green veggies, but not just any green veggies. "Brussel sprouts are part of the cruciferous (十字花科植物) vegetable family that has significant anti-cancer properties," said Ledesma. "That family also has a very favorable effect on hormone metabolism." Other cruciferous veggies include cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. And don't forget the tomato. "It is probably the best source of lycopene, which is one of the phytochemicals that has shown significant anticancer properties, especially with prostate and potentially lung and breast cancer as well," said Ledesma. As for fruit, citrus contains Vitamin C, limonoids, and phenols, which inactivate cancer cells and strengthen the immune system. Cantaloupes, mangos, and carrots contain cancer-fighting carotenoids. And berries are bursting with flavonoids and ellagic acid—antioxidants that protect against cancer, ulcers, and viruses. Natalie recommends organic. "Organic fruits and veggies have shown not only to have lower pesticide toxicities and lower pesticide levels, but also now have been shown to have higher phytochemical content," she said. Don't forget the fatty fish or flaxseed—both are excellent sources of Omega Three fatty acids that inhibit the growth of cancer cells and boost the immune system, olive oil, which may reduce breast, prostate, or colon cancer, and soy. "Soy has protective effects for heart disease as well as osteoporosis, potentially," Ledesma said. And finally onions, garlic, and shallots. They may protect the heart, fight cancer, and help with asthma. Text C Every second, 1 hectare of the world's rainforest is destroyed. That's equivalent to two football fields. An area the size of New York City is lost every day. In a year, that adds up to 31 million hectares—more than the land area of Poland. This alarming rate of destruction has serious consequences for the environment; scientists estimate, for example, that 137 species of plant, insect or animal become extinct every day due to logging. In British Columbia, where, since 1990, thirteen rainforest valleys have been clear-cut, 142 species of salmon have already become extinct, and the habitats of grizzly bears, wolves and many other creatures are threatened. Logging, however, provides jobs, profits, taxes for the government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so the government is reluctant to restrict or control it. Much of Canada's forestry production goes towards making pulp and paper. According to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Canada supplies 34% of the world's wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be preserved. Recently, a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp. Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fiber which can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. According to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the large-scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canada's forests. However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This plant, so useful for fibre, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis, related to the plant from which marijuana is produced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ban the drug marijuana began to gather force, resulting in the eventual banning of the cultivation not only of the plant used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial fiber-producing hemp plant. Although both George Washington and Thomas Jefferson grew hemp in large quantities on their own land, any American growing the plant today would soon find himself in prison—despite the fact that marijuana cannot be produced from the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC (the active ingredient in the drug). In recent years, two major movements for legalization have been gathering strength. One group of activists believes that ALL cannabis should be legal—both the hemp plant and the marijuana plant—and that the use of the drug marijuana should not be an offense. They argue that marijuana is not dangerous or addictive, and that it is used by large numbers of people who are not criminals but productive members of society. They also point out that marijuana is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco. The other legalization movement is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce fibre; this group wants to make it legal to cultivate the plant and sell the fiber for paper and pulp production. This second group has had a major triumph recently: in 1997, Canada legalized the farming of hemp for fiber. For the first time since 1938, hundreds of farmers are planting this crop, and soon we can expect to see pulp and paper produced from this new source.1. The woman committed suicide ______ after the law took effect.(Text A)

单选题 In Africa

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题 In order to repair barns, build fences

单选题. SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section, there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each questions, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE This month shops in the UK will begin to phase out traditional tungsten bulbs as part of a government plan to replace them completely by 2011 and save 5m tons of carbon emissions a year. However the current crop of low energy light bulbs are coming under criticism for causing skin complaints and migraines, releasing Mercury into the environment on disposal and not being as energy efficient as new LED equivalents. A typical low energy light bulb is said to contain between six and eight milligrams of mercury. If one is smashed in a home the room should be vacated for at least 15 minutes, the bulb cleared wearing rubber gloves, put in a sealed plastic bag and taken to the local council for disposal. Unbroken bulbs can also be taken back to the retailer if the owner is a member of the Distributor Take back Scheme. Greenpeace has called for a public information campaign to advise people how to dispose of low energy light bulbs safely, arguing that "Rather than being worried about the mercury these light bulbs contain, the general public should be reassured that using them will actually reduce the amount of mercury overall in our atmosphere." Further health concerns have come from the bulbs exacerbating of skin conditions in the estimated 100,000 people in the UK with photosensitive skin including suffers of lupus, Xeroderma Pigmentation, eczema and dermatitis. There have also been claims that the bulbs cause migraines, affect ME suffers and increase the risk of seizures in people with epilepsy and a growing number of charities including Spectrum and the British Association of Dermatologists are calling for exemptions to allow those affected to continue using traditional bulbs. But perhaps the biggest threat to the traditional energy saving light bulb comes from a new type of Light Emitting Diode (LED) developed by Glasgow and Strathclyde Universities. LEDs use less power than energy efficient light bulbs currently available but have not historically been powerful enough to be cheaply produced for the mass market. The Scottish scientists have overcome this by decreasing the costs and increasing the speed of Nano-imprint lithography, the process of putting microscopic holes in the LEDs to make them brighter, and suitable for home use. Dr. Faiz Rahman, who is leading the project, said: "This means the days of the humble light bulbs could soon be over." PASSAGE TWO Mother Rigby could do anything. She was a witch, a woman with strange powers. She could make water run uphill, or change a beautiful woman into a white horse. Many nights when the moon was full and bright, she could be seen flying over the tops of the houses in the village, sitting on a long wooden stick. It is a broomstick, and it helped her to do all sorts of strange tricks. Mother Rigby ate a quick breakfast and then started to work on her broomstick. She was planning to make something that would look like a man. It would fill the birds with fear, and scare them from eating her corn, the way most farmers protect themselves from those black, pesky birds. Mother Rigby worked quickly. She held her magic broomstick straight, and then tied another piece of wood across it. And already, it began to look like a man with arms. Then she made the head. She put a pumpkin, a vegetable the size of a football, on top of the broomstick. She made two small holes in the pumpkin for eyes, and made another cut lower down that looked just like a mouth. At last, there he was. He seemed ready to go to work for Mother Rigby and stop those old birds from eating her corn. But, Mother Rigby was not happy with what she made. She wanted to make her scarecrow look better and better, for she was a good worker. She made a purple coat and put it around her scarecrow, and dressed it in white silk stockings. She covered him with false hair and an old hat. And in that hat, she stuck the feather of a bird. She examined him closely, and decided she liked him much better now, dressed up in a beautiful coat, with a fine feather on top of his hat. And, she named him Feathertop. She looked at Feathertop and laughed with happiness. He is a beauty, she thought. "Now what?" she thought, feeling troubled again. She felt that Feathertop looked too good to be a scarecrow. "He can do something better," she thought, "than just stand near the corn all summer and scare the crows." And she decided on another plan for Feathertop. She took the pipe of tobacco she was smoking and put it into the mouth of Feathertop. "Puff, darling, puff," she said to Feathertop. "Puff away, my fine fellow. It is your life." Smoke started to rise from Feathertop's mouth. At first, it was just a little smoke, but Feathertop worked hard, blowing and puffing. And, more and more smoke came out of him. "Puff away, my pet," Mother Rigby said, with happiness. "Puff away, my pretty one. Puff for your life, I tell you." Mother Rigby then ordered Feathertop to walk. "Go forward," she said. "You have a world before you." Feathertop put one hand out in front of him, trying to find something for support. At the same time he pushed one foot forward with great difficulty. But Mother Rigby shouted and ordered him on, and soon he began to go forward. Then she said, "you look like a man, and you walk like a man. Now I order you to talk like a man." Feathertop gasped, struggled, and at last said in a small whisper, "Mother, I want to speak, but I have no brain. What can I say?" "Ah, you can speak," Mother Rigby answered. "What shall you say? Have no fear. When you go out into the world, you will say a thousand things, and say them a thousand times, and saying them a thousand time again and again, you still will be saying nothing. So just talk, babble like a bird. Certainly you have enough of a brain for that." PASSAGE THREE The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?" There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive MA wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment harriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases. Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U. S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan—but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt. Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of "defending competition" on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U. S. vs. Microsoft case? PASSAGE FOUR Most people would describe a dollar millionaire as rich, yet many millionaires would disagree. They do not compare themselves with teachers or shop assistants but with the other parents at their children's private schools. To count the number of rich people in the world, however, an arbitrary cut-off point is needed, and $1m is as good as any. Capgemini, a consultancy, defines anyone with investable assets of $1m or more (excluding their home) as a "high-net-worth individual", consultant—speak for rich. By this conservative measure the planet has about 10m millionaires, according to Capgemini and Merrill Lynch, a bank. Credit Suisse, another bank, uses a less stringent (and more obvious) definition: a millionaire is anyone whose net assets exceed $1m. That includes everything: a home, an art collection, even the value of an as-yet-inaccessible pension scheme. The Credit Suisse "Global Wealth Report" estimates that there were 24.2m such people in mid-2010, about 0.5% of the world's adult population. By this measure, there are more millionaires than there are Australians. They control $69.2 trillion in assets, more than a third of the global total. How did these people grow rich? Mostly through their own efforts. Only 16% of high-net-worth individuals inherited their stash, according to Capgemini. The most common way to get rich is to start a business: nearly half (47%) of the world's wealthy people are entrepreneurs. You do not have to be a genius to build a million-dollar business, but it helps if you are intelligent and extremely hard-working. In their book The Millionaire Next Door, Thomas Stanley and William Danko observed that a typical American millionaire is surprisingly ordinary. He has spent his life patiently saving and ploughing his money into a business he founded. He does not live in the fanciest part of town—why waste money that you can invest? And his tastes are so plain that you can barely tell him apart from his neighbours. He buys $40 shoes, and his car of choice is a Ford. Another 23% of the world's millionaires got rich through paid work, estimates Capgemini. A few vault easily over the million-dollar bar. Gregory Maffei, the boss of Liberty Media, an American cable-television firm, earned $87,095,882 in 2010. The median pay for chief executives at the 456 largest publicly quoted firms in America was $7.23m, according to the Hay Group, a consultancy. But the vast majority are skilled professionals or managers who have been careful with their money. An orthodontist in America makes about $200,000 a year. He may leave medical school heavily in debt, but after a lifetime of earning, saving and investing, he can probably amass $1m.1. What is the most important measure to take when a low energy light bulb is smashed at home?(PASSAGE ONE)