The committee has anticipated the problems that ______ in the road construction project.

(l)Although numbers of animals in a given region may fluctuate from year to year, the fluctuations are often temporary and, over long periods, trivial. Scientists have advanced three theories of population control to account for this relative constancy. (2)The first theory attributes a relatively constant population to periodic climatic catastrophes that decimate populations with such frequency as to prevent them from exceeding some particular limit. In the case of small organisms with short life cycles, climatic changes need not be catastrophic: normal seasonal changes in photoperiod (daily amount of sunlight), for example, can govern population growth. This theory—the density-independent view—asserts that climatic factors exert the same regulatory effect on population regardless of the number of individuals in a region. (3)A second theory argues that population growth is primarily density-dependent—that is, the rate of growth of a population in a region decreases as the number of animals increases. The mechanisms that manage regulation may vary. For example, as numbers increase, the food supply would probably diminish, which would increase mortality. In addition, as Lotka and Volterra have shown, predators can find prey more easily in high-density populations. Other regulators include physiological control mechanisms: for example, Christian and Davis have demonstrated how the crowding that results from a rise in numbers may bring about hormonal changes in the pituitary (垂体) and adrenal glands (肾上腺) that in turn may regulate population by lowering sexual activity and inhibiting sexual maturation. There is evidence that these effects may persist for three generations in the absence of the original provocation. One challenge for density-dependent theorists is to develop models that would allow the precise prediction of the effects of crowding.(4)A third theory, proposed by Wynne-Edwards and termed "epideictic", argues that organisms have evolved a "code" in the form of social or epideictic behavior displays, such as winter roosting aggregations or group vocalizing; such codes provide organisms with information on population size in a region so that they can, if necessary, exercise reproductive restraint. However, Wynne-Edwards' theory, linking animal social behavior and population control, has been challenged, with some justification, by several studies.

Which of the following sentences has an object complement?

It is going to be fine tomorrow. ______. （2009年考试真题）

Late last year, Airbnb announced that it's going after the major hotel chains—which at first sounded kind of cute, like a precocious Little League pitcher(投手)saying he's going to strike out Miguel Cabrera. But when CEO Brian Chesky laid out his thinking for me in Airbnb's new, funky headquarters in San Francisco, I thought the investors who have pumped $326 million into the company might not be too dim. Airbnb is becoming much more than a way to spend $26 a night to sleep in London with five other people at The Imperial Fleapit. In fact, Airbnb is looking like a proof point of a trend that has been getting a lot of attention lately. Some refer to it as the DIY—for do it yourself—movement. Chesky uses the term "decentralized production(分散式生产)." Marc Andreessen hit on the concept in a manifesto entitled "Why Software Is Eating the World?" It all points to the same idea: Information technology is eroding the power of large-scale mass production. We're instead moving toward a world of massive numbers of small producers offering unique stuff—and of consumers who reject mass-produced stuff. The Internet, software, 3D printing, social networks, cloud computing and other technologies are making this economically feasible—in fact, desirable. The hotel industry—and the way Airbnb thinks about it—is an example of how that is playing out. There is a fundamental truth about big hotel chains that is only now being exposed in the Internet age: Hotel chains grew out of a lack of information. In the middle of last century, cars and highways made the world far more mobile. Many more people traveled to towns they didn't know, and they needed places to sleep. They had no way to know which hotel or boarding house might be nice or offer amenities they wanted. Travel guides, like Mobil's, popped up in the 1950s, but for the most part information remained scarce. Chains took advantage of that data deficit. If you knew a Holiday Inn in one town, you knew the Holiday Inn in the next town would be roughly the same. The brand's motto played off this: "The best surprise is no surprise. " The uniformity and comfort of a chain trumped the risk of an unknown, independent place. As chains got bigger, they could afford to widely advertise—a way to spread more information about the consistency of their hotels. Independents couldn't keep up They had limited ways to get information to travelers. As long as this big information gap existed, chains grew and independents struggled. The gap drove chains to offer uniform accommodations at scale—and we got today's hospitality industry, dominated by the likes of Hilton, Marriott and Starwood. Chesky got to thinking about this when his iate grandfather told him Airbnb reminded him of his childhood, when his family would arrive in towns and stay at boarding houses. Chesky thought: If the Internet was around back then, would hotel chains as we know them have been created? "And the answer is absolutely not, " Chesky says. "I'm not saying there wouldn't be hotels, but they wouldn't look like they do today. "

Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "I've done this ______"?

Every now and then we hear news about poisonous food, such as tainted milk powder, illegal food additives, and illegal cooking oil, which pose great danger to people's health. Give your ideas of cracking down on poisonous food. Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:My Ideas of Cracking down on Poisonous Food You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your idea OR describe your idea. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

When she faced her enemy, her face _____ a fierce expression.

{{B}}SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.{{/B}}

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PASSAGE THREE

Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "I am starving ______"?

A developing country usually receives more public aids than _______ a developed country.

There is much chance ______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

He had a(n)______ when he entered the hotel that the gatekeeper was a detective.

We'd like to know the reason _____ she didn't accept the job.

The patient will lose his sight ______ left untreated.

His _______ was taken as part of lawsuit between American aviation and Yahoo.

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