(l)Eastern medicines are becoming more popular in the west, but few people realize how long the two cultures have exchanged ideas. Now an exhibition at the Science Museum in London explores how the two have interacted on medicine through the centuries. (2)Called East Meets West: Medical Ideas on the Move. It looks at examples of how ideas and technologies have moved from one side of the world to another. It opens on Thursday and is based on an exhibition presented by the Welcome Trust; Neil Fazakerley is curator of the exhibition. He said: "It's attractive because it's taking a medical history story but from a slightly different angle, showing how the different cultures have interacted." (3) "It's obvious that eastern medical practices are becoming more popular in the west but maybe people don't know that ideas have been exchanged for thousands of years and medicine is not a static thing." The exhibition details four main areas: Ancient Greek and Islamic medical ideas, and how they were reborn into western culture. The exhibition starts in the ninth and tenth centuries when Baghdad was the centre of Islamic science and its highly sophisticated medical system. Through the translation work of Persian scholars, ancient Greek medical thought was brought into the Islamic medical system. It was when westerners started charging into the east on crusades during the twelfth century that European scholars became increasingly interested in Islamic medicine. (4)Arabic material was translated into Latin, the European scholars' language of the time, thus preserving the Greek tradition that may otherwise have been lost. Coexistence of Islamic and Indian traditions and the development of western medicine in colonial India—the traditional Indian medical system, known as ayurveda or "the knowledge of life"—has existed in some form for more than 2,000 years. During foreign invasions from the eleventh century onwards the Islamic unani system of medicine was brought to India. (5)The Indian name for Islamic medicine "unani" refers originally to the Greeks. The two systems complemented each other well and both ayurveda and unani flourish today in India. European colonists from the sixteenth century onwards, gained knowledge of plants, diseases and surgical techniques that were unknown in the West. One such example is rauwolfia (萝芙术) serpentia (美蛇根), a plant used in traditional Indian medicine. The active ingredient is today used to treat hypertension and anxiety in the west. The flow of ideas turned with the growth of the British Empire in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as many Western-style hospitals and medical colleges were established in India. (6)Inoculation—a true example of collaborative medicine. (7) "A good example of the exchange of medical ideas between east and west is that of immunization," the exhibition says. Smallpox inoculation has long been used by physicians in Asia and Africa by deliberately attempting to give people a mild smallpox infection. The technique became known in Europe in the eighteenth century and this technique was practiced for a while on the British aristocracy.
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Which of the following sentences indicates "probability"?
What does "He wisely refused to spend his money" mean?
In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid ______.
Can people study or work online at home without going to school or workplace? This has been intensely discussed for years. The following are the supporters' and opponents' opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. YES People who work or study at home enjoy a flexible schedule. Some people may prefer to work in the morning and some may find it more efficient to work at night. Working at home enables people to perform their jobs at ease, and thus gives employers more options when recruiting people. Another benefit of working at home is the boost of staff's motivation. By working at home, employees can manage their time on their own and strike a balance between work and rest. Equally important is that, without the presence of their supervisors, employees will feel less stressful and more comfortable. These two factors both play a part in boosting their productivity and job satisfaction. NO A distinct limitation of such practice is reflected in low efficiency. In other words, working at home will hamper the quality of people's work. Without supervision, people may face self-control problems. Temptations from the virtual network may distract people's attention from work or study and even obstruct their social life and living orders, which might eventually inflict a fatal blow on our country's economy. A challenge that employers have to face is the difficulty in managing and monitoring employees' performance. Whether employees will meet a deadline when working at home as they do in the workplace remains unclear.
A. like B. depressed C. conflict D. accessing E. beneficial F. highly G. appeal H. approaching I. electronic J. required K record L. nearly M. suggestions N. harmful O. allow Summer is an ideal time for juniors to get the jump on college admissions essay. These less hurried months before the coming of a【C1】______ pressured fall offer the chance for students to think, reflect and connect with a writing topic of your admissions essay. So how can you use the summer to your best advantage? Here are some【C2】______ to keep in mind. First, you'd better clear your head. Distractions【C3】______ TV and Internet surfing can seriously inhibit inspiration. Once your school term is over, schedule some time away from those【C4】______ diversions and find a quiet place where you can hear your thought bubbling up from deep down in your consciousness. Next, ask yourself questions. In looking for an essay topic, an excellent way to begin is by asking questions that can turn up some【C5】______. But don't forget to write the answers down. Carry around a pad and pencil or some kind of wireless device to【C6】______ your thoughts. If you don't write them down, you're bound to lose them. Certainly, you are【C7】______ to familiarize yourself with the narrative form. It is far better to think of the essay as your chance to tell a good story. Stories are narratives. Be conscious of the narrative techniques. Last but not least, you should enjoy yourself. These feel-good months make it easier to relax, and【C8】______ the college admissions essay with less anxiety is a good thing. It would be 【C9】______ to view this assignment as an interesting act. You'll want to commit yourself to the work, think that your essay will evolve through a series of drafts and【C10】______ yourself to take some pleasure in the process.
We'd like to know the reason _____ she didn't accept the job.
A. inappropriate B. attend C. slips D. track E. financeF. unchangeable G. organize H. participate I. formal J. as much asK. slides L schedules M. calls for N. trail O. punctuality Americans believe time is a limited resource; they try to conserve and manage it. People in the U.S. often【C1】______ seminars or read books on time management. It seems they all want to 【C2】______their time better. Professionals carry around pocket planners—some in electronic form—to keep【C3】______of appointments and deadlines. People do all they can to squeeze more life out of their time. The early American hero Benjamin Franklin expressed this view best: "Do you love life? Then do not waste time, for that is the stuff life is made of." To Americans, 【C4】______is a way of showing respect for other people's time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually【C5】______an apology, and maybe an explanation. People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay. Of course, the less 【C6】______the situation, the less important it is to be exactly on time. At informal get-togethers, for example, people often arrive【C7】______30 minutes past the appointed time. But they usually don't try that at work. To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock. People in other cultures value relationships more than【C8】______. In these societies, people don't try to control time, but to experience it. Many Eastern cultures, for example, view time as a cycle. The rhythm of nature—from the passing of the seasons to the monthly cycle of the moon—shapes their view of events. People learn to respond to their environment. As a result, they find it easier to "go with the flow" than Americans, who like plans to be fixed and【C9】______. Even Americans would admit that no one can master time. Time, like money, 【C10】______all too easily through our fingers. And time, like the weather, is very hard to predict. Nevertheless, time is one of life's most precious gifts. And unwrapping it is half the fun.
PASSAGE TWO
A similar approach can be ______to innovation.
On further examination it was found that the signature was not______.
The graduate committee must be in full accord in their approval of a dissertation. The underlined part means ______.
When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on my desk, ______?
______ you ______ any doubt on the delivery receipt, contact us at 4008 9666.
Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remained_____.(2010-72)
In the sentence "The manager interviewed Jim himself in the morning", the italicized word is used to modify
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(l)Debates among candidates are rare in most countries. But they have become a staple of American politics. Americans like debates because the candidates can be compared in an unscripted, live performance. History indicates that a bad performance, particularly a telling gaffe, can badly damage a candidate in the polls. The debates are a "key test" of the strength and abilities of the candidates. (2)The unforgettable debate quip that can deflate a candidacy is the worst nightmare of any presidential hopeful. "There you go again", Ronald Reagan's memorable retort to President Jimmy Carter, was a line that stuck with both viewers and commentators in the 1980 presidential campaign. Carter went on to lose the election, polls showed mostly because of the economy. But Carter's debate performance didn't help. (3)The potential of debates to damage a vulnerable presidential hopeful is one reason why some candidates, particularly frontrunners, are reluctant to risk their chances in such an uncontrolled environment. But broadcast presidential debates, both in the primaries and in the general election, are now routine and expected by the American people. (4)It was not always so. Face-to-face presidential debates began their broadcast history in 1948 when Republicans Thomas Dewey and Harold Stassen faced each other in a radio debate during the Oregon Republican presidential primary. The first broadcast television debates between the two major party nominees were in 1960 when Senator John F. Kennedy faced Vice President Richard Nixon. The debates were considered crucial to Kennedy's narrow victory. Interestingly, Americans who heard the debate on radio thought Nixon had won. But the far larger television audience applauded Kennedy's performance, testimony to the importance—in the television age—of image as well as substance. The point is Americans are concerned not just with a leader's policies and ideology, but also with his character and temperament. In the contentious atmosphere of a debate, such personal attributes are easier for voters to judge than in pre-packaged campaign commercials or formal speeches. (5)Since 1987, the presidential debates have been organized by the bipartisan organization, the Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD). Its purpose is to sponsor and produce debates for the presidential and vice presidential candidates of the two major parties. In Election 2000, the commission set a threshold for the participation of third party candidates in the debates. They must show they have the support—as evidenced in a number of opinion polls—of at least 15 percent of the population. (6)Whatever the quality of the debates in Election 2000, they are unlikely to equal the most famous political debates in American history which occurred long before the invention of radio and television. In 1858, Stephen Douglas debated Abraham Lincoln for a U.S. Senate seat. Douglas, a pro-slavery Democrat, was the incumbent. Lincoln was anti-slavery. "Honest Abe," as he was endearingly called, lost the Senate race, but two years later was elected the first Republican president of the United States. The Lincoln-Douglas debates are still heralded for the quality of the discourse at a crucial time in the nation's history.