单选题In 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose ______ as their next president who promised a "New Deal" to get America out of depression.

单选题From the passage, we can infer that the author is what kind of person?

单选题Doppelganger, a San Francisco-based startup is launching a virtual world today that’s part nightclub, pan billboard. The steady shift of advertising dollars online has entrepreneurs scrambling to come up with business models that will help them capture pan of the bounty. So far, most of the attention has been on the search advertising gold-rush that propelled Google from puny startup into a behemoth worth $115 billion. But there are other forms of advertising besides search, and for its virtual world, The Lounge, Doppelganger has settled on a product-placement model popularized by Hollywood, where advertisers pay Up to have theft products featured in movies and TV shows. Music label Interscope Records has already signed up for a trial to have Doppelganger build a virtual club for its Pussycat Dolls band within The Lounge. "The Lounge has interesting advertising potential," says Gartner media analyst Mike McGuire. "Doppelganger’s effort to tie the real world metaphors to a virtual world is very clever. From the perspective of music labels and bands, it’s a very attractive opportunity to engage the MySpace crowd." Doppelganger is fax from the first virtual world to launch. Second Life, There. com, and others have been around for years, and even the mighty Google is believed to be preparing its own virtual world. But founder Andrew Litfiefield, a former engineer at BEA Systems, isn’t just trying to attract the MySpace crowd—he’s actively taking some pages from MySpace’s playbook. First, Litfiefield is building the service around social networking and instant messaging. Doppelganger users will be able to import their AIM buddy lists into the service, giving them a ready-made set of virtual friends—and helping Doppelganger recruit new users through existing social connections. Second, Doppelganger is focusing on music, much as MySpace did in its early years. Like MySpace, which let users sign up to be "friends" of their favorite bands to keep up with CD releases and concert tours, Doppelganger is creating content for music fans. But instead of just Web pages, Doppelganger is building 3-D club environments where a band’s music plays and users make their "avatars," or virtual characters, dance and chat. The two-year-old company has 30 employees and $11 million in venture financing from Draper Fisher Jurvetson and Trident Capital, backers of hits like eBay-owned Skype and Time Warner’s Mapquest. According to Littlefield, Doppelganger’s testers seem to be hooked. "This is clearly the new instant messaging," says Litfiefield. "We have some beta users who log on right after school and stay logged on through the wee hours of the morning." That kind of attention is particularly alluring to advertisers and marketing folks who have been scrambling to figure out ways to capture the attention of teens that seem to increasingly tune out TV. The Pussycat Dolls’ club is in itself one big advertisement for the band, but there are also opportunities to place ads for other products in the environment. In a demo of The Lounge, a movie trailer for Warner Bros. upcoming Superman film played. Eventually, Doppelganger plans to sell music downloads and other band-related goods directly within The Lounge—a source of revenues that could supplement product placement. "Doppelganger has to figure out a quick way for folks to buy physical things," says McGuire. The big question, as Doppelganger launches The Lounge, is whether they’ll draw enough interest to gain a critical mass of users and attract mass-market advertisers. After all, no one likes to go to an empty nightclub.

单选题Charlotte Bronte's masterpiece is ______. A. Jane Eyre B, Wuthering Heights C. Tess of d'Urbervilles D. Agnes Grey

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单选题The novel The Great Gatsby was written by______.

单选题{{I}}Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the News.{{/I}}

单选题______authored The Wrath of Grapes.A. SteinbeckB. FitzgeraldC. HemingwayD. Faulkner

单选题{{B}}TEXT E{{/B}} The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as "local" news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life. There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense. The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the "facts". This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough? As to the first query, consider how a so-called "factual" story cones about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece (This is important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph.) This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three. Thus, in the presentation of a so-called "factual" or "objective" story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their "news neutralism," arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news. The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather than subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) If an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the way he gives a story—promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.

单选题{{B}}TEXT D{{/B}} What impact can mobile phones have on their users' health? Many people worry about the supposed ill effects caused by radiation from handsets and base stations, despite the lack of credible evidence of any harm. But evidence for the beneficial effects of mobile phones on health is rather more abundant. Indeed, a systematic review carried out by Rifat Atun and his colleagues at Imperial College, London, rounds up 150 examples of the use of text-messaging in the delivery of health care. These uses fall into three categories: efficiency gains; public-health gains; and direct benefits to patients by incorporating text-messaging into treatment regimes. The study, funded by Vodafone, the world's largest mobile operator, was published this week. Using texting to boost efficiency is not rocket science, but big savings can be achieved. Several trials carried out in England have found that the use of tenet-messaging reminders reduces the number of missed appointments with family doctors by 26—39%, for example, and the number of missed hospital appoint ments by 33—50%. If such schemes were rolled out nationally, this would translate into annual savings of￡256m—364m. Text messages are also being used to remind patients about blood tests, clinics, scans and dental appointments. Similar schemes in America, Norway and Sweden have had equally satisfying results though the use of text-message reminders in the Netherlands, where non-attendance rates are low, at 40%, had no effect other than to annoy patients. Text messages can also be a good way to disseminate public-health information, particularly to groups who are hard to reach by other means, such as teenagers, or in developing countries where other means of communication are unavailable. Text messages have been used in India to inform people about the World Health Organisation's strategy to control tuberculosis, for example, and in Kenya, Nigeria and Mall to provide information about HIV and malaria. In Iraq, text messages were used to support a campaign to vaccinate nearly 5m children against polio. Finally, there are the uses of text-messaging as part of a treatment regime. These involve sending re- minders to patients to take their medicine at the right time, or to encourage compliance with exercise regimes or efforts to stop smoking. The evidence for the effectiveness of such schemes is generally anecdotal, however, notes Dr. Rifat. More quantitative research is needed—which is why his team also published three papers this week looking at the use of mobile phones in health care in more detail. One of these papers, written in conjunction with Victoria Franklin and Stephen Greene of the University of Dundee, in Scotland, reports the results of a trial in which diabetic teenagers' treatment was backed up with text messaging. Diabetes needs constant management, and requires patients to take an active role in their treatment by measuring blood-sugar levels and administering insulin injections. The most effective form of therapy is an intensive regime in which patients adjust the dose of insulin depending on what they eat. This is more onerous for the patient, but allows for a greater dietary variety. Previous studies have shown that intensive treatment is effective only with close supervision by doctors. Dr. Franklin and her colleagues devised a system called Sweet Talk, which sends patients personalised text messages reminding them of the treatment goals they have set themselves, and allowing them to send questions to doctors. The Sweet Talk system was tested over a period of 18 months with teenage patients receiving both conventional and intensive diabetes treatment. A control group received conventional treatment and no text messages. The researchers found that the use of text-messaging significantly increased "self-efficacy" (the effectiveness of treatment, measured by questionnaire). More importantly, among patients receiving intensive therapy, the level of haemoglobin HbAlc--an indicator of blood-glucose and hence of glycaemic control--was 14% lower than for those in the control group. Since even a 10% decline in HbAlc level is associated with a reduction in complications such as eye and kidney problems, this is an impressive result. It suggests that texting can cheaply and effectively support intensive therapy among teenagers, who often demonstrate poor compliance. Despite such promising results, Dr. Rifat notes, many of the medical uses of text-messaging have not yet been subjected to clinical trials, because they are so new. And eyen where the benefits are proven, the technology has not been systematically deployed on a large scale. But when it comes to improving outcomes and reducing costs, text messages would seem to be just what the doctor ordered.

单选题In the US, poll after poll has shown a majority in favour of animal experimentation, even without statements about its value. Why is opinion in Britain so different? I think that there are two reasons. The first is the success of antivivisection campaigners in lampooning animal research as outdated, intentionally cruel, "bad" science, which achieves nothing. All drugs and procedures developed with the help of animal tests are said to be dangerous. The occasional failure of animal testing to identify a dangerous drug is developed as an argument for abandoning safety tests involving animals altogether--with no mention of the terrible human suffering that this would cause. They say that "alternative" methods already exist for all animal experiments, but the fact is that the law specifically forbids animal use if there is any alternative. The second reason is that scientists and doctors have failed to oppose such misrepresentation. In the early 1990s, animal rights campaigning in the US was met with much more forthright defense, not only by the major scientific societies, funding agencies and medical organizations, but also by the US government. To be positive, there are many encouraging features of the New Scientist poll. Interestingly, the public seems to employ the same kind of utilitarian philosophy that underpins the law in Britain--weighing potential benefits against the species involved (thus, monkeys are more "valuable" than mice) and the likelihood of suffering. Clearly, people in Britain do not recognize the essential link between animal research and testing and the medical treatments that they receive. Only 18 percent of those who had taken (or had a close family member who had taken) a drug prescribed for a serious illness realized that the drug had been tested on animals, as all drugs are. Obviously, a large majority of those surveyed believe that they can happily benefit from medical treatment without taking advantage of animal research. No wonder so many people oppose it when asked the straight yes/no question. The views of the public must be respected. But this poll tells us that, while they are open to persuasion, their reaction is based on misunderstanding. The responsibility for providing honest evidence for the public lies not just with those who use animals in their research, but with other scientists who depend on that work. It lies with the doctors who benefit from animal research, with the pharmaceuticals and biotech industries, and the medical charities and funding agencies whose work would be crippled without it. But most of all, responsibility rests with government, which should cultivate serious and transparent debate between those of different opinion, and provide the public--especially young people--with the honest evidence they need and deserve.

单选题The writer comments on Stem's investigation and analysis in a ______ tone.

单选题By ______, we refer to the ways that sentences are constructed according to the grammar of arrangement.

单选题AtthebeginningLaurenmentionsthefollowingnegativeeffectsofgamblingEXCEPT______.

单选题Of the world's 774 million illiterate adults two-thirds are women, a share that has remained unchanged for the past two decades. In rich countries pretty much everyone, male or female, can read and write (though employers sometimes wonder). In developing regions such as South Asia, sub-Saharan and North Africa and the Middle East, men are still much more likely to be literate than women. But girls everywhere are beginning to catch up. Across the emerging world, 78% of them are now at primary school, an only slightly smaller proportion than boys (82%). At secondary level enrolment remains lower and girls are further behind, but things are getting better there too. Education for girls in poor countries has all sorts of desirable consequences: not only the likelihood of a better job with higher pay, but also of better health, a later marriage, fewer children and being able to provide better care for the family. Aid donors are making a special effort to give girls' education a push. Robert Zoellick, president of the World Bank, has taken to saying that investing in girls is not just a good thing but a smart thing to do. The big surprise of the past few decades has been women's huge advance into tertiary education. Across rich countries the share of those aged over 25 who have had some form of higher education is now 33%, against 28% of men in the same age group. Even in many developing regions they make up a majority of students in higher education. It is too soon to feel sorry for men. Although women now earn more first degrees, they mostly still get fewer PhDs (though in America they seem to have caught up), and if they stay on in academia they are promoted more slowly than men. Many of them are put off by the way the academic promotion system works, explains Lotte Bailyn, a professor at MIT Sloan School of Management. To get ahead, young hopefuls have to put in a huge amount of time and effort just when many women start to think about having a family, so they do not apply for senior posts. Ms Bailyn approvingly notes the recent decision by America's National Science Foundation, which funds a big chunk of the universities' basic research, to allow grant recipients to take a break. Crucially, women's lead at first-degree level does not so far seem to have translated into better job opportunities. In a paper published earlier this year Ina Ganguli, Ricardo Hausmann and Martina Viarengo of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government concluded that the achievement of educational parity is a "cheque in the mail" that may presage more women joining the labour force, but lots of other factors—such as cultural attitudes and the availability of child care—also play a part. On its own, educational parity—even superiority—is not enough. Women may not be helping themselves by concentrating heavily on subjects that set them apart from men. In rich countries they account for over 70% of degrees in humanities and health, whereas the vast majority of degrees in mathematics and engineering go to men. Women with humanities degrees are less likely to be in demand for jobs in high-tech industries, which tend to pay well. At postgraduate level the gap between subjects gets even bigger. And on MBA courses, the classic avenue to senior corporate jobs, women make up only about a third of the students. Such differences between males and females show up quite early in life. In the OECD's annual study of educational performance, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), girls score better in reading in all countries even at primary level, and much better by the time they are 15. In maths and science boys and girls perform much the same at primary school, but at age 15 boys do rather better than girls in maths (though not science). However, these disparities are not nearly big enough to explain the huge differences in the choice of subject at university level. The OECD's PISA researchers conclude that the choices have little to do with ability and may well be influenced by ingrained stereotypes. That would help to explain why they vary so much from country to country. In Japan women are awarded only 11% of all degrees in engineering, manufacturing and construction; in Indonesia their share is exactly half. (From The Economist; 732 words)

单选题In America, ______ is known as a world full of glaciers, waterfalls and lakes. A. Washington B. California C. Hawaii D. Alaska

单选题Charlotte Bronte's masterpiece is ______.

单选题Why should Native American students be allowed to have specially adapted educational programs, and what is so different about their learning motivation, compared to that of the Anglo majority? Native American students, whether young or old, learn by applying principles and skills to their daily lives. In order for these students to learn a skill, or subject, they must first understand how it relates to their everyday life, and how it can help them to stay upon a strong spiritual path. Learning for Native American students, is not motivated by better grades, or awards, but by the success that it will afford them in future, so when learning environments and curriculum do not address, or even take into consideration, the cultural, and spiritual differences of the Native American students, future success in life becomes an elusive and unattainable goal. Educational programs for Native American students need to be practical, applicable, and culturally based. The Native American population"s educational motivation, as a whole, is more focused on the future utilization of lessons and skills learned, and the benefit that will be given back to the Native American community. As each individual succeeds educationally, they become a model for others, and give hope that the Native American way of life will continue. Unlike the majority of Anglo children, for which our current academic models were forged, Native American children suffer from cultural exclusion and identity crises, racism, poverty and isolation, poor role models, familial instability and abuse, poor mental, physical, and emotional health, as well as anonymity. Native American students, primarily those in grades K-12, can be categorized as dangerously "at risk". The cultural hurdles, compounded by those thrown at them educationally, cause many Native American students to drop out, abuse drugs and alcohol, and/or commit crimes to medicate and alleviate their inability to cope with seemingly insurmountable obstacles. Native American youths have long been at a disadvantage, with regard to post-secondary education, primarily because if a youth does succeed in graduating high school, it is usually by attending a non-Native American program. This limits their ability to interact and succeed in an atmosphere whose predominant cultural alignment is white. While Tuba City High School, which addresses rural, reservation, and isolated students, has been quite successful in raising test scores, graduating more students, keeping substance abuse and teen pregnancy low, it has not provided the Native American youth an opportunity to learn and interact with the white culture that surrounds them. But what of the urban Native American students? What can we do for them? We can make room for alternative programs specifically designed for the Native American students—programs that will address the need to acclimate these students to urban life and white culture gradually, so that they can develop the skills and education necessary to succeed in a diverse and alien culture. It cannot be stressed enough, that the first, and most important, skill that we must impart to the Native American students is how to live and exist in a foreign culture, while maintaining a solid identity with their own. We must stop trying to fit the Native American youth into the cultural mold of white society, and allow them to live and learn according to their own culturally specific applications and values, and prepare for academic and personal life beyond the reservation.

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单选题WhichofthefollowingisNOTapointmadebyDanielatthebeginningpart?