单选题Who does not belong to the writers of the Realistic Age?

单选题The renowned American linguist N. Chomsky in the late 1950's proposed the distinction between ______.A. competence and performanceB. langue and paroleC. synchronic and diachronicD. signified and signifier

单选题Such joy. It was the spring of 1985, and President Reagan had just given Mother Teresa the Medal of Freedom in a Rose Garden ceremony. As she left, she walked down the corridor between the Oval Office and the West Wing drive, and there she was, turning my way. What a sight: a saint in a sari commixing down the White House hall. As she came nearer, I could not help it: I bowed. "Mother", I said, "I just want to touch your hand. " She looked up at me -- it may have been one of God's subtle jokes that his exalted child spent her life looking up to everyone else -- and said only two words. Later I would realize that they were the message of her mission. "Luff Gott," she said. Love God. She pressed into my hand a poem she had written, as she glided away in a swoosh of habit. I took the poem from its frame the day she died. It is free verse, 79 lines, and is called " Mother's Meditation (in the Hospital)." In it she reflects on Christ's question to his apostles: "Who do you say I am?" She notes that he was the boy born in Bethlehem," put in the manager full of straw.., kept warm by the breath of the donkey, " who grew up to be "an ordinary man without much learning. " Donkeys are not noble; straw is common; and it was among the ordinary and ignoble, the poor and sick, that she chose to labor. Her mission was for them and among them, and you have to be a pretty tough character to organize a little universe that exists to help people other people aren' t interested in helping. That's how she struck me when I met her as I watched her life. She was tough. There was the worn and weathered face, the abrupt and definite speech. We think saints are great organizers, great operators, great combatants in the world. Once I saw her in a breathtaking act of courage. She was speaker at the National Prayer Breakfast in Washington in 1995. All the Washington Establishment was there, plus a few thousand born - again Christians, orthodox Catholics and Jews, and searchers looking for a faith. Mother Teresa was introduced, and she spoke of God, of love, of families. She said we must love one another and care for one another. There were great purrs of agreement. But as the speech continued it became more pointed. She asked, " Do you do enough to make sure your parents, in the old people's homes, feel your love? Do you bring them each day your joy and care?" The baby boomers in the audience began to shift in their seats. And she continued. "I feel that the greatest destroyer of peace today is abortion," she said, and then she told them why, in uncompromising term. For about 1.3 seconds there was complete silence, then applause built and swept across the room. But not everyone: the President and the First Lady, the Vice President and Mrs. Gore, looked like seated statues at Madame Tussaud's, glistening in the lights and moving not a muscle. She didn' t stop there either, but went on to explain why artificial birth control is bad and why Protestants who separate faith from works are making a mistake. When she was finished, there was almost no one she hadn' t offended. A US Senator turned to his wife and said, "Is my jaw up yet?" Talk about speaking truth to power! But Mother Teresa didn' t care, and she wasn' t afraid. The poem she gave me included her personal answers to Christ's question. She said he is "the Truth to be told... the Way to be walked... the Light to be lit. " She took her own advice and lived a whole life that showed it.

单选题Which branch of study can NOT be included in the scope of linguistics?

单选题 {{B}}TEXT A{{/B}} Eliot's interested in poetry in about 1902 with the discovery of Romantic. He had recalled how he was initiated into poetry by Edward Fitzgerald's Omar Khayyam at the age of fourteen. "It was like a sudden conversion", he said, an "overwhelming introduction to a new world of feeling." From then on, till about his twentieth year of age (1908), he took intensive courses in Byron, Shelley, Keats, Tennyson, Rossetti and Swinburne. It is, no doubt, a period of keen enjoyment... At this period, the poem, or the poetry of a single poet, invades the youthful consciousness and assume complete possession for a time... The frequent result is an outburst of scribbling which we may call imitation... It is not deliberate choice of a poet to mimic, but writing under a kind of daemonic possession by one poet. Thus, the young Eliot started his career with a mind preoccupied by certain Romantic poets. His imitative scribbling survives in the Harvard Eliot Collection, a part of which is published as Poems Written in Early Youth. "A Lyric" (1905), written at Smith Academy and Eliot's first poem ever shown to anther's eye, is a straightforward and spontaneous overflow of a simple feeling. Modeled on Ben Johnson, the poem expresses a conventional theme, and can be summarized in a single sentence: since time and space are limited, let us love while we can. The hero is totally self-confident, with no Prufrockian self-consciousness. He never thinks of retreat, never recognizes his own limitations, and never experiences the kind of inner struggle, which will so blight the mind of Prufrock. "Song: When we came home across the hill" (1907), written after Eliot entered Harvard College, achieved about the same degree of success. The poem is a lover's mourning of the loss of love, the passing of passion, and this is done through a simple contrast. The flowers in the field are blooming and flourishing, but those in his lover's wreath are fading and withering. The point is that, as flowers become waste then they have been plucked, so love passes when it has been consummated. The poem achieves an effect similar to that of Shelley's "when the lamp is shattered". The form, the dictation and the images are all borrowed. So is the carpe diem theme. In "Song: The Moonflower Opens" (1909), Eliot makes the flower--love comparison once more and complains that his love is too cold-hearted and does not have "tropical flowers/ With scarlet life for me". In these poem, Eliot is not writing in his own right, but the poets who possessed him are writing through him. He is imitating in the usual sense of the word, having not yet developed his critical sense. It should not be strange to find him at this stage so interested in flowers: the flowers in the wreath, this morning's flowers, flowers of yesterday, the moonflower which opens to the moth -- not interested in them as symbols, but interested in them as beautiful objects. In these poems, the Romantics did not just work on his imagination; they compelled his imagination to work their way. Though merely fin-de-siecle routines, some of these early poems already embodied Eliot's mature thinking, and forecasted his later development. "Before Morning" (1908) shows his awareness of the co-habitation of beauty and decay under the same sun and the same sky. "Circle's Palace" (1909) shows that he already entertained the view of women as emasculating their male victims or sapping their strength. "On a Portrait" (1909) describes women as mysterious and evanescent, existing "beyond the circle of our thought". Despite all these hints of later development, these poems do not represent the Eliot we know. Their voice is the voice of tradition and their style is that of the Romantic period. It seems to me that the early Eliot's connection with Tennyson is especially interesting, in that Tennyson seems to have foreshadowed Eliot's own development.

单选题What do you think of the black people in the U. S. ?

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单选题The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by ______. A. King Harold B. William the Conqueror C. Oliver Cromwell D. Robin Hood

单选题{{B}}TEXT B{{/B}} So far, inflation is roaring in only a few sectors of the economy. While platinum has soared 121 percent, soybeans have risen 115 percent, and an index of Real Estate Investment Trusts has climbed 42 percent since May 2001, the consumer price index (CPI) has gone up only 4.2 percent during the same period. The challenge is figuring out what happens next. Astute investors are asking two questions: 1) Will the dollar continue to decline? 2) Which assets will continue to inflate? The value of the dollar matters because much of what Americans buy comes from abroad. And in the past two years, the dollar has been slipping badly: down some 25 percent against a basket of foreign currencies, including the euro and the yen. That makes imported goods more expensive. If the dollar falls further, the rise in prices could boost inflation. And that's exactly what some analysts predict. "This is not a run-of-the-mill problem where the currency corrects 25 percent" then stabilizes, says David Tice, Dallas-based manager of the Prudent Global Income Fund. "We have an economy that's very dependent upon ever-increasing amounts of debt. Look at borrowing in this country for automobiles and housing. At the federal level, we are creating credit as if it is going out of style. Given that, we think the dollar can decline substantially more from here." That's why Mr. Tice's income fund has invested in government bonds in countries that are major trading partners of the US. These bonds tend to increase in value as the dollar weakens. There are other ways for investors to protect themselves from inflation. For example: TIPS (Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities) are US government bonds that increase both principal and interest payments in line with the CPI/U, which measures prices for urban dwellers. Thus, if the price of consumer goods goes up, TIPS owners get a boost in their rate of return. That's a level of inflation protection that most bonds and money-market funds don't provide. Still, there are no guarantees. If real interest rates rise faster than inflation, TIPS can lose value if they're not held to maturity. "TIPS have. generally been less volatile than traditional bonds," but investors have already seen periods when their inflation-protection doesn't match the actual rise in prices, warns Duane Cabrera, head of the personal financial planning group at Vanguard, based in Valley Forge, Pa. For example, the year-over-year change in the CPI/U is running about 1.9 percent, he points out, but college costs have been rising about 5 percent annually. Investors should also discuss the tax consequences with their investment advisers, Mr. Cabrera notes. On the stock front, investors can also turn to natural-resource stocks or mutual funds that invest in them A slightly more exotic option: exchange-traded funds, which act like mutual funds but trade like stocks. Commodities offer another avenue for profit during inflationary times. Individual investors probably want to avoid commodity trading, often a wild and woolly experience. But certain mutual funds offer shareholders a chance to profit when commodity prices go up. The PIMCO Commodity Real Return Fund, for example, provides exposure to the performance of the Dow-Jones AIG Commodity Index while generating income from TIPS. Another option: the Oppenheimer Real Asset Fund, which is actively managed and tracks the Goldman Sachs Commodity Index. There's no clear winner between these stock funds and the commodities their companies have invested in. When commodity prices are falling, natural-resource firms can protect themselves by hedging their risks, says Kevin Baum, portfolio manager of the Oppenheimer Real Asset Fund. On the other hand, hedging may keep them from benefiting when commodity prices rise. And the stocks can be more volatile than the commodities themselves. Gold funds typically are three times more volatile than the price of gold itself. Sometimes, the commodities and funds tied to those commodities move in opposite directions, Mr. Baum says. PIMCO's Mr. Harris is quick to note that many commodity prices have been soaring. So the key question is: Which ones will continue to rise in price? Individual investors should maintain strict discipline when they pick commodities funds; he says.

单选题Which of the following was NOT what we can infer from the conversation between Father and the cartmen?

单选题Question 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.

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单选题When you buy a gallon of organic milk, you expect to get tasty milk from happy cows who haven"t been subjected to antibiotics, hormones or pesticides. But you might also unknowingly be getting genetically modified cattle feed. Albert Straus, owner of the Straus Family Creamery in the small northern California town of Marshall, decided to test the feed that he gives his 1,600 cows last year and was alarmed to find that nearly 6% of the organic corn feed he received from suppliers was "contaminated" by genetically modified (GM) organisms. Organic food is, by definition, supposed to be free of genetically modified material, and organic crops are required to be isolated from other crops. But as GM crops become more prevalent, there is little that an organic farmer can do to prevent a speck of GM pollen or a stray GM seed from being blown by the wind onto his land or farm equipment and, eventually, into his products. In 2006, GM crops accounted for 61% of all the corn planted in the U.S. and 89% of all the soybeans. "I feared that there weren"t enough safeguards," Straus says. So Straus and five other natural food producers, including industry leader Whole Foods, announced last week that they would seek a new certification for their products, "non-GMO verified", in the hopes that it will become a voluntary industry standard for GM-free goods. A non-profit group called the Non-GMO Project runs the program, and the testing is conducted by an outside lab called Genetic ID. In a few weeks, Straus expects to become the first food manufacturer in the country to carry the label in addition to his "organic" one. With Whole Foods in the ring, the rest of the industry will soon be under competitive pressure to follow. Earning the non-GMO label, at least initially, requires nearly as much effort as getting certified organic. To root out the genetically modified corn, Straus spent several months and about $10,000 testing, re-testing and tracing back his products: from his own dairy"s milk, to other dairies that supply some of his milk, to the brokers who sell them feed, to their mills that grind the corn, to farmers who grow it. To put the GM-free label on his ice cream, Straus will have to trace the chickens that provided the egg yolks, the grain used in the alcohol that carries his vanilla extract and the soy lecithin used as an emulsifier for his chocolate chips. So why bother? The organic and natural foods industry sees a huge opportunity in telling consumers even more about what"s in their food. Few consumers would think about the pesticides and hormones in conventional foods without the organic alternative to remind them. Similarly, genetically modified crops have become so prevalent in the U.S. that chances are you"ve been buying and eating them for years. You just wouldn"t know it from the label: the U.S. Department of Agriculture, unlike agencies in Europe and Japan, do not require GM foods to be labeled. While scientists have not identified any specific health risks from eating GM foods, anti-GM activists say there is not enough research yet into their long-term risks or impact on biodiversity. By telling consumers loud and clear which products are GM-free, organic-food producers will give them one more reason to choose organic. Says Jeffrey Smith, a longtime activist against genetically modified food: "The people served by the organic industry are very sensitive to GMO." And, the industry hopes, willing to pay to avoid it.

单选题{{B}}TEXT C{{/B}} Our public debates often fly off into the wild blue yonder of fantasy. So it's been with the Federal Communications Commission's new media-ownership rules. We're told that, unless the FCC's decision is reversed, it will worsen the menacing concentration of media power and that this will--to exaggerate only slightly--imperil free speech, the diversity of opinion and perhaps democracy itself. All this is more than overwrought; it completely misrepresents reality. In the past 30 years, media power has splintered dramatically; people have more choices than ever. Travel back to 1970. There were only three major TV networks (ABC, CBS, NBC); now, there's a fourth (Fox). Then, there was virtually no cable TV; now, 68 percent of households have it. Then, FM radio was a backwater; now there are 5, 892 FM stations, up from 2, 196 in 1970. Then, there was only one national newspaper (The Wall Street Journal); now, there are two more (USA Today and The New York Times). The idea that "big media" has dangerously increased its control over our choices is absurd. Yet much of the public, including journalists and politicians, believe religiously in this myth. They confuse size with power. It's true that some gigantic media companies are gettingeven bigger at the expense of other media companies. But it's not true that their power is increasing at the public's expense. Popular hostility toward big media stems partly from the growing competition, which creates winners and losers--and losers complain. Liberals don't like the conservative talk shows, but younger viewers do. A June poll by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press found that viewers from the ages of 18 to 29 approved of "hosts with strong opinions" by a 58 percent to 32 percent margin. Social conservatives despise what one recently called "the raw sewage, ultrawiolence, graphic sex and raunchy languages of TV. But many viewers love it. Journalists detest the cost and profit pressures that result from stiff competition with other news and entertainment outlets. It's the tyranny of the market: a triumph of popular tastes. Big media companies try to anticipate, shape and profit from these tastes. But media diversity frustrates any one company from imposing its views and values on an unwilling audience. People just click to another channel or cancel their subscription. The paradox is this:the explosion of choices means that almost everyone may be offended by something. A lot of this free-floating hostility has attached itself to the FCC ownership rules. The backlash is easily exaggerated. In the Pew poll, 51 percent of respondents knew "nothing" of the rhles; an additional 36 percent knew only "a little". The rules would permit any company to own television stations in areas with 45 percent of U. S. households, up from 35 percent now. The networks could buy more of their affiliate stations-a step that, critics say, would jeopardize "local" control and content. At best, that's questionable. Network programs already fill most of affiliates' hours. To keep local audiences, any owner must satisfy local demands, especially for news and weather programming. But the symbolic backlash against the FCC and big media does pose one hidden danger. For some U. S. households, over-the-air broadcasting is the only TV available, and its long term survival is hardly ensured. Both cable and the Internet are eroding its audience. In 2002 cable programming had more prime-time viewers than broadcast programming for the first time (48 percent vs. 46 percent). Streaming video, now primitive, will improve; sooner or later--certainly in the next 10 or 15 years-many Web sites will be TV channels. If overthe-air broadcasting declines or disappears, the big losers will be the poor. Broadcast TV will survive and flourish only if the networks remain profitable enough to bid for and provide competitive entertainment, sports and news programming. The industry's structure must give them a long-term stake in over-the air broadcasting. Owning more TV stations is one possibility. If Congress prevents that, it may perversely hurt the very diversity and the people that it's trying to protect.

单选题Scientists are trying to find a link between pollution and ______.

单选题One feature of the Renaissance is the keen interest in the activities of ______.

单选题Shelley's masterpiece, Prometheus Unbound, is a verse drama, which borrows the basic story from

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单选题The Bill of Rights Amendments ______.A. dealt with procedural mattersB. included not only procedural guarantees but also guarantees of basic rights for the individualC. were adopted merely to satisfy those who opposed the ConstitutionD. were reluctantly accepted by the Federalists

单选题 {{B}}Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh{{/B}}{{B}}Master of Urban and Regional Planning (MURP){{/B}} Planning is a comprehensive process through which public and private decision makers can arrive at policy decisions affecting the growth and development of cities and regions. The planning process encompasses public policy areas such as economic and community development; housing; transportation; health, education, and welfare; growth management; public safety; leisure, recreation, and cultural opportunities; aesthetics and historic preservation. Planning, an integral function of departmental structures of government at the national, state, and local levels, also occurs within special authorities serving multijurisdictional organizations and private consultancies that provide planning expertise to a variety of interest groups concerned with the making of public policy. GSPIA’ s urban arid regional planning program prepares planners who analyze problems of people in urban and regional environments and guide the implementation of planned change to improve the quality and conditions of life. The skills and knowledge that students in this program master have their foundations in social, natural, and applied sciences. Primary focus is placed on the comprehensiveness of the planning function not only in terms of issue identification, policy formulation, plan preparation, and program implementation, but also in the context of environmental, social, economic, and political circumstances that impinge on the professional abilities of planners to identify and serve public interests. GSPIA ’ s planning program educates students as generalists and as specialists. This means that students are exposed to a broad array of urban/regional problems and issues, skills and knowledge, methods and techniques, theory, and practice. See also: MURP, Course Requirements, General Regulations, Tuition and Fees, Admission Information and Requirements