单选题Security concerns have prompted the federal departments of State and Homeland Security to tighten the process for issuing visas and to impose rigorous new monitoring procedures for many international students once they enter the United States. Colleges have struggled to comply with new reporting requirements and deal with admitted students whose entry into the country has been delayed by the new procedures. One result of these problems has been a renewed discussion of the presence of substantial numbers of international students on U.S. campuses. Anecdotal reports suggest that the number of new international students entering the United States is declining. The downward trend is consistent with data on the number of student visas being issued by the State Department. Applications by Arab and Muslim men and those of any student seeking to study science had to be sent to Washington for review, and men from 25 countries identified as potential harbors for terrorism face new registration requirements once they enter the United States. These procedures led to long lines at U.S. consulates around the world and to many well-publicized situations in which students were unable to reach their intended campus in time for the opening of classes last autumn. One continuing problem, university officials say, is that U.S. consulates no longer routinely renew visas for international students whose visas expire while they are home for vacations or other short visits. The issue of whether some students will continue to view the United States as a desirable place to study has also become a source of discussion. John Shull, college adviser at the Cairo American College, said, "We are seeing more of our students looking at non-U.S, universities." Lynch of Penn State said that his university is now getting "very few new students from the Middle East—especially males". Stricter U.S. restrictions on foreign students studying in America and delays in processing visa requests appear to be doing part of the job for the British. Applications to British universities from foreign students have surged in the last year, particularly from countries with predominantly Muslim populations. Among countries sending significant numbers of students to Britain, the biggest increases in applications were from Saudi Arabia. Education officials did not provide reasons for this striking pattern. But some individual universities said there were indications that new U.S. regulations and stricter enforcement were playing at least some role. In Britain, students can also get an education in English, at internationally known universities, but perhaps with a bit less hassle. Officials said that, while Britain did not impose new regulations on students seeking visas to study here, enforcement of existing rules and scrutiny of applications may have been stepped up. Admissions authorities say they have had more contact with the police, and they are being more diligent about requiting students to leave the country once their visas expire. Still, either out of choice or necessity, some students apparently are finding Britain to be a more attractive option than the United States.

单选题Dear Jack, At your physical yesterday, the nurse measured you at 5 feet 9 inches. You have officially passed your old man. And at 13, you"re not done growing. There"s never been a better time to grow into manhood, but not everyone thinks so. NEWSWEEK recently reported on the plight of the "Beached White Male." "Man down!" they"re crying—and insisting we"d better man up. It got me thinking about what it means to be a man. I always thought that I would become governor, and then I"d "be the man." But the train tracks got switched, and instead Mom pulled into that station. I came to wonder about my strength. Do you remember when I took you along to my speech about leadership to some Cisco executives in Chicago, where you ran the PowerPoint slides? During the Q&A someone asked you why your dad was a great leader. You told them that I faithfully visited the young man I mentor in the Big Brother program, even when he was frustrating and difficult. Then someone asked, "Why is your mom a great leader?" and you said, "Wow, my mom—where do I even start?" I felt my armor pierced by that contrast—Mom"s obvious, overwhelming heroism, and my leadership, such as it was, smaller, humbler. Male armor had always seemed to fit me well. As a young man I felt comfortable behind Ivy League walls, then moved easily through halls of power. When I launched my leadership consulting business, I enjoyed "eating what I killed," as the macho maxim puts it. But the choices Mom and I made to put her public service in front of my career, and for me to lead at home, left me vulnerable and caused me to rethink what it means to "be a man." It has not been a tragic end to my manhood, but a wondrous beginning. It"ll get even better for you. When your grandmothers were raised, being a woman meant being a housewife. But Mom and her generation seized new opportunities. As a prosecutor and attorney general, Mom developed extraordinary executive skills. I was proud, and learned to exult in her strengths. Her success freed me to see a man can be good—or great—without being a hero in war, sports, business, or politics. A strong man, Jack, is not threatened by others" greatness. He"s comfortable with his own. I have loved raising you and your college-age sisters. It"s been a gift. I stepped out of my male armor. I now cry when I"m sad, afraid, or just overwhelmed by the beauty of a sonata or a newborn baby. I don"t feel less of a man. I do feel more of a human being. Jack, you can play all kinds of roles in your time. You can whack at someone with a lacrosse stick—or express courage as you did last week, when I watched you console your goalie while everyone else was mad at him for giving up the deciding goal. You showed me a strong man. As a modern man, you"ll learn way more than if you were large and in charge. It used to be a man"s world (and, in some measure, it still is). If you lead like Mom, you"ll know how to persevere. You need not fear strong women, or dismiss gentle men. And if you so choose, you"ll be a great stay-at-home or lead parent, giving and receiving incredible lessons and profound joy. Either way, it"s a great time to be a man.

单选题Which of the following pairs of words indicates hyponymy?

单选题Close by Westminster Abbey on the riverside stands the Palace of Westminster, generally known as the ______.

单选题 Since the Titanic vanished beneath the frigid waters of the North Atlantic 85 years ago, nothing in the hundreds of books and films about the ship has ever hinted at a connection to Japan -- until now. Director James Cameron's 200 million epic Titanic premiered at the Tokyo International Film Festival last Saturday. Among the audience for a glimpse of Hollywood's costliest film ever descendants of the liner's only Japanese survivor. The newly rediscovered diary of Masabumix Hosono has Titanic enthusiasts in a frenzy. The document is scrawled in 4,300 Japanese character on a rare piece of RMS Titanic stationery. Written as the Japanese bureaucrat steamed to safety in New York aboard the ocean liner Carpathia, which rescued 706 survivors, the account and other documents released by his grandchildren last week offer a fresh -- and poignant -- re- minder of the emotional wreckage left by the tragedy. Hosono, then 42 and an official at Japan's Transportation Ministry, was studying railway networks in Europe. He boarded the Titanic in Southampton, en route home via the US. According to Hosono's account, he was awakened by a loud knock on the door of his second - class deck with the Steerage passengers. Hosono tried to race back upstairs, but a sailor blocked his way. The Japanese feigned ignorance and pushed past. He arrived on deck to find lifeboats being lowered into darkness, flares bursting over the ship and an eerie human silence. He wrote:" Not a single passenger would howl or scream." Yet Hosono was screaming inside. Women were being taken to lifeboats and men held back at gunpoint. "I tried to prepare myself for the last moment with no agitation, making up my mind not to do any- thing disgraceful as a Japanese, “he wrote.” But still I found myself looking for and waiting for any possible chance of survival." Then an officer shouted, "Room for two more!" Hosono recalled: “I myself was deep in desolate thought that I would no more be able to see my beloved wife and children.” Then he jumped into the boat. When Hosono arrived in Tokyo two months later, he was met with suspicion that he had survived at someone else's expense. The culture of shame was especially strong in prewar Japan. In the face of rumors and bad press, Hosono was dismissed from his post in 1914. He worked at the office part -time until retiring in 1923. His grandchildren say he never mentioned the Titanic again before his death in 1939. Even then, shame continued to haunt the family. In newspapers, letters and even a school textbook, Hosono was denounced as a disgrace to Japan. Reader's Digest reopened the wound in 1956 with an abridged Japanese version of Walter Load's best seller. A Night to remember, which described “Anglo-Saxons” as acting bravely on the Titanic, while “Frenchmen, Italians, Americans, Japanese and Chinese were disgraceful.” Citing his father's diary, one of Hosono's sons, Hideo, launched a letter - writing campaign to restore the family name. But nobody in Japan seemed to care. The diary resurfaced last summer. A representative for a US foundation that plans to hold an exhibition of Titanic artifacts in Japan next August found Hosono's name on a passenger list. A search led him to Ha-ruomix Hosono, a well -known composer, and to his cousin Yuruoi, Hideo's daughter. She revealed that she had her grandfather's dairy as well as a collection of his letters and postcards. "I was floored," says Mixchael Findley, cofounder of the Titanic International Society in the US "This is a fantastic, fresh new look at the sinking and the only one written on Titanic stationery immediately after the disaster." The information allows enthusiasts to rearrange some historical minutes, such as which lifeboat Hosono jumped into. More chilling, the account confirms that the crew tried to keep foreigners and third -class passengers on the ship's lower deck, effectively ensuring their name. The diary cannot correct injustice, but Hosono's family hopes it will help clear his name. The Titanic foundation also hopes to capitalize on the diary and the movie to promote its upcoming exhibition. To that end, Haruomix Hosono, the composer, has been asked to give a talk at next month's public premiere of Titanic! The diary cannot, of course, match Cameron's fictionalized epic for drama and intrigue. But at least Masabumix Hosono's tale really happened.

单选题The underlined word "tunnel-visioned" (Para. 4) most probably means______.

单选题 Just over 10 years ago, Ingmar Bergman announced that the widely acclaimed Fanny and Alexander would mark his last hurrah as a filmmaker. Although some critics had written him off as earnest but ponderous, others were saddened by the departure of an artist who had explored cinematic moods -- from high tragedy to low comedy -- during his four-decade career. What nobody foresaw was that Bergman would find a variety of ways to circumvent his own retirement -- directing television movies, staging theater productions, and writing screenplays for other filmmakers to direct. His latest enterprise as a screenwriter, Sunday's Children, completes a trilogy of family-oriented movies that began with Fanny and Alexander and continued with The Best Intentions written by Bergman and directed by Danish filmmaker Bille August. Besides dealing with members of Bergman's family in bygone times--it begins a few years after The Best Intentions leaves off--the new picture was directed by Daniel Bergman, his youngest son. Although it lacks the urgency and originality of the elder Bergman's greatest achievements, such as The Silence and Persona, it has enough visual and emotional interest to make a worthy addition to his body of work. Set in rural Sweden during the late 1920s, the story centers on a young boy named Pu, clearly modeled on Ingmar Bergman himself. Pu's father is a country clergyman whose duties include traveling to the capital and ministering to the royal family. While this is an enviable position, it doesn't relieve problems in the pastor's marriage. Pu is young enough to be fairly oblivious to such difficulties, but his awareness grows with the passage of time. So do the subtle tensions that mar Pu's own relationship with his father, whose desire to show affection and compassion is hampered by a certain stiffness in his demeanor and chilliness in his emotions. The film's most resonant passages take place when Pu learns to see his father with new clarity while accompanying him on a cross-country trip to another parish. In a remarkable change of tone, this portion of the story is punctuated with flash-forwards to a time 40 years in the future, showing the relationship between parent and child to be dramatically reversed: The father is now cared for by the son, and desires a forgiveness for past shortcomings that the younger man resolutely refuses to grant. Brief and abrupt though they are, these scenes make a pungent contrast with the sunny landscapes and comic interludes in the early part of the movie. Sunday's Children is a film of many levels, and all are skillfully handled by Daniel Bergman in his directional debut. Gentle scenes of domestic contentment are sensitively interwoven with intimations of underlying malaise. While the more nostalgic sequences are photographed with an eye-dazzling beauty that occasionally threatens to become cloying, any such result is foreclosed by the jagged interruptions of the flash-forward sequences--an intrusive device that few filmmakers are agile enough to handle success- fully, but that is put to impressive use by the Bergman team. Henrik Linnros gives a smartly turned performance as young Pu, and Thommy Berggren -- who starred in the popular Elvira Madigan years ago -- is steadily convincing as his father. Top honours go to the screenplay, though, which carries the crowded canvas of Fanny and Alexander and the emotional ambiguity of The Best Intentions into fresh and sometimes fascinating territory.

单选题In the study of functional syntax, Halliday defines his ______ as "the one to whom or for whom the process is said to take place", which is also called Recipient in material processes, Client in verbal processes or Receiver in relational processes. A. range B. circumstances C. beneficiary D. token

单选题The Game of the Name Here comes John Smith walking toward me. Even though he is but a passing acquaintance, the American greeting ritual demands that I utter a few words to reassure him of my good will. But what form of address should I use? John? Smith? Dr. Smith? A decision such as this is usually made unconsciously. As native speakers in the American speech community, we have grown up learning the rules of address at the same time that we were acquiring the grammatical rules of American - English. At first thought, it might seem a trivial pursuit to examine the ways in which we address one another. But forms of address reveal many assumptions we make about memebers of our speech community. Our initial decision about the appropriate address form is based on relative ages. If the person being addressed is a child, then almost all the rules that we have unconsciously assimilated can safely he ignored, and we use the simple formula First Name. The child, in turn, addresses an adult by using the formula Tilte plus Last Name. But defining a" child" is not always easy. I address my son's roommate at college by FN, even though he is an adult under the law. I, too, have the relative age of a child to a 75 - year - old acquaintance who calls me Pete. Let us assume that John Smith is not a child who can be addressed by FN but is either my contemporary or my elder. The next important determiner for the form of address will then be the speech situation. If the situation is a formal one, then I must disregard all other rules and use social Identity plus Last Name. John Smith will always be addressed as Dr. Smith ( or sometimes simply as Doetor, with Last Name understood) in the medical setting of office or hospital. ( I am allowed to call him if my status is at least as high as his or if we are friends outside of our social roles, but the rest of my utterance must remain respectful. ) We are also obliged to address certain other people by their social identity in formal situation: public officials (Congressman: Your Honor) , educators (Professor or Doctor), leaders of meetings (Mr. Chairman), Roman Catholic priests (Father Daffy) and nuns (Sister Anna), and so forth. By the way, note the sexist distinction in the formulas for priests and nuns. The formula for a priest is Father plus Last Name, but for a nun it is Sister plus Religious Name (usually an FN). Most conversations, however, are not carried on in formal speech situations, and so the basic decision is when to use FN to TLN. A social acquaintance or newly hired colleague of approximately the same age and rank is usually introduced on an FN basis. "Pete, I' d like you to meet Harvy. "Now a problem arises if both age and rank of cone of the parties are higher: "Pete, I' d like you to meet Attorney Brown. " Attorney Brown may, of course, at any time signal me that he is willing to suspend the rules of address and allow an FN basis. Such a suspension is his privilege to bestow, and it is usually handled humorously, with a remark like, "I answer quicker to Bruce. " Complications arise when relative age and relative rank are not both the same. A young doctor who joins a hospital finds it difficult to address a much older doctor. They are equal in rank (and therefore FN should be used) but the great disparity in ages calls for TLN. In such cases, the young doctor can use the No - Name (NN) formula, phrasing his utterances adroitly to avoid using any term of address at all. English is quite exceptional among the world's languages in this respect. Most European languages oblige the speaker to choose between the familiar and formal second person singular as in the French tu and vous), as English once did when "thou" was in use. This is the basic American system, but the rules vary according to speech situations, subtle friendship or kin relationships between the speakers, regions of the country, and so forth. Southern speech, for example, adds the formula Title plus First Name (Mr. Charlie) to indicate familiar respect. Southerners are also likely to specify kin terms (as in Cousin Jane) whereas in most of the United States FN is used for cousins. Address to strangers also alters some of the rules. A speaker usually addresses a stranger whose attire, and behavior indicate higher status by saying sir. But sometimes speakers with low status address those with obviously higher status by spurning this rule and instead using Mac or buddy--as when a construction worker asks a passing executive, socially identified by his atlacie' case, "You got a match, buddy?/

单选题{{I}}Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview with a chief-editor. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the interview.{{/I}}

单选题 {{B}}TEXT A{{/B}} "There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when they're 18, and the truth is far from that," says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents. "There is a major shift in the middle class,' declares sociologist Allan Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months. Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from- home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs. Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agrees, "It's ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home." But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephone and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times and left three times. "What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem," she explains, "He never liked anyone I dated. So I either had to hide away or meet them at friends' houses." Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving out? Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure." And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.

单选题The author's attitude towards intelligent seem to be that_____.

单选题{{B}}TEXT B{{/B}} In early 19th century America, care for the mentally iii was almost non-existent: the afflicted were usually relegated to prisons, almshouses, or inadequate supervision by families. Treatment, if provided, paralleled other medical treatments of the time, including bloodletting and purgatives. However, in a wave of concern for the oppressed, some took action. Among these, Dorothea Dix was the leading crusader for the establishment of state-supported mental asylums. Through her efforts, the first state hospitals for the insane were built in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. She and other reformers sought humane, individualized care, with the rich and the poor housed together to insure high standards for all. The movement was generated by social reform, but throughout the century, mental illness was probed and analyzed, and" cures" prescribed by both the scientific and lay communities. "Moral treatment" was the predominating philosophy to cure the insane. This system was developed in late 18th century Europe, and by Benjamin Rush in the United States. It challenged the demonic explanations for insanity and emphasized the role of environment in determining character: improper external conditions could induce derangement. The "moral treatment" system was optimistic that an appropriate environment could facilitate cure, especially for those with acute ( not chronic) afflictions. Essential to this theory was a physiological basis for mental disorder: insanity was caused by brain damage. The brain's surface was soft and malleable and physically altered by outward influence. This idea was closely related to phrenology, which assigned specific faculties to sections of the brain. The notion that mental illness resulted from physical impairment was rarely challenged, but the nature and treatment of ailments were continually debated. To find physical evidence for mental deficiencies, autopsies were performed on mental patients to discover lesions or other abnormalities. Although progress was made in the diagnosis of somatic diseases like tumors or syphilitic derangement, these efforts were frustrating and subjective. Also controversial was the fate of the chronically versus acutely iii: the differences between them, whether they should be housed together, and whether the chronically ill should be treated at all.

单选题AccordingtoSamanthaHeller,peopletendtoeatmilkchocolatebecauseA.itislessbitterthandarkchocolate.B.itismorehealthythandarkchocolate.C.ithasspecialflavorwithmanynutrients.D.itislessexpensivethandarkchocolate.

单选题Which American president was at the same time period with Martin Luther King Jr.?

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题 {{B}}TEXT A{{/B}} They sparkle and glitter in the light. No other rocks are so hard. They are very valuable. It might cost thousands and thousands of dollars to buy just one. Most are found in the ground. The largest ore ever discovered is as big as a man's fist. But most are tiny. They're diamonds! For hundreds of years men have risked their lives searching for diamonds. To many the discovery of this glittering treasure has seemed more important than the discovery of new lands. Fairy stories tell of brave knights who battled fierce dragons and evil wizards to win kingdom rich with diamonds. In the Tower of Lon- don in England, there is a very special room protected by guards. There, inside a thick glass ease, are jeweled crowns once worn by kings and queens. People from all over the world come to see the shimmering diamonds and other precious stones that shine from behind the glass. Most diamonds seem to flash with a kind of white fire. But there are diamonds that sparkle in other colors, too. Sometimes diamonds are discovered in gravel at the bottom of rivers and streams. (To get these diamonds, the gravel is sucked up through giant hoses that act like vacuum cleaners.) Diamonds are found in rivers, on land, and in great stretches of hot desert sand. A few small ones are even found or near meteorites that strike the ground from outer space. But most diamonds are found in rocks deep inside the diamond mines of Africa. The diamonds were made millions and millions of years ago when flaming volcanoes melted a mineral called carbon which was a part of these rocks. Gigantic earthquakes shook the rock and pressed them tightly, together. The hot melted carbon in the rock squeezed at the same time--squee2ed so tightly that by the time it cooled, it had changed into the lovely hard gems called diamonds, To get at these valuable diamond rocks, workers ride in an elevator that goes down and down into the blackness far below the ground. Tunnels connect this deep shaft with the openings--called pipes--inside the ancient volcanoes. When they are first dug from the mines, diamonds don't glitter or sparkle as they do when we see them in tings or other jewelry. They look more like dull bits of glass. A man who knows all about diamonds--a diamond cutter--must cut them just right. Diamonds are so hard that nothing can cut them except the edge of another diamond. Using his diamond-edged tools, the diamond cutter carefully removes tiny pieces so that the diamond will have many sharp edges and smooth surfaces--like little windows. It is because of these shaft edges and smooth surfaces that the diamond reflects light, sparkles and flashes with tiny bursts of color, and seems almost ablaze with fire. Diamond cutters often use diamond saws. The fine powder--diamond dust--that is left after the sawing is done can be used in a kind of sandpaper to polish the sparking gems. Not all diamonds are clear enough or pretty enough or large enough to be made into jewelry. But because they are so hard, they can be used for other things, such as points for drills and needles for record player. These diamonds are called industrial diamonds. Some of them are man made. Carbon is heated until it is hot and then squeezed. If men ever learn how to make it hot enough and to squeeze it tightly enough, they will probably be able to make big diamonds. Then maybe diamonds will be cheap enough to use as buttons on your shirt or coat! (610)

单选题{{I}} Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.{{/I}}

单选题Which is NOT discussed as a major aspect of "culture"?

单选题Paradise Lost is the masterpiece by ______.A. John Donne B. John MiltonC. George Herbert D. Richard Lovelace