单选题______ by Ralph Waldo Emerson is called "America's Declaration of Intellectual Independence."A. The American Scholar B. The TranscendentalistC. Divinity School Address D. Self-Reliance

单选题An Englishman uses "I" to refer to himself, while a German uses "ich", a Spaniard "yo". This is an example of language ______.A. dualityB. displacementC. transmissionD. arbitrariness

单选题For much of the world, the death of Richard Nixon was the end of a complex public life. But researchers who study bereavement wondered if it didn't also signify the end of a private grief. Had the former president merely run his allotted fourscore and one, or had he fallen victim to a pattern that seems to afflict longtime married couples: one spouse quickly following the other to the grave? Pat, Nixon's wife of 53 years, died last June after a long illness. No one knows for sure whether her death contributed to his. After all, he was elderly and had a history of serious heart disease. Researchers have long observed that the death of a spouse, particularly a wife, is sometimes followed by the untimely death of the grieving survivor. Historian Will Durant died 13 days after his wife and collaborator, Ariel; Buckminster Fuller and his wife died just 36 hours apart. Is this more than coincidence? "Part of the story, I suspect, is that we men are so used to ladies feeding us and taking care of us," says Knud Helsing, an epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, "that when we lose a wife we go to pieces. We don't know how to take care of ourselves. " In one of several studies Helsing has conducted on bereavement, he found that widowed men had higher mortality rates than married men in every age group. But, he found that widowers who remarried enjoyed the same lower mortality rate as men who'd never been widowed. Women's health and resilience may also suffer after the loss of a spouse. In a 1987 study of widows, researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, and UC, San Diego, found that they had a dramatic decline in levels of important immune- system cells that fight off disease. Earlier studies showed reduced immunity in widowers. For both men and women, the stress of losing a spouse can have a profound effect. "All sorts of potentially harmful medical problems can be worsened," says Gerald Davison, professor of psychology at the University of Southern California. People with high blood pressure, for example, may see it rise. In Nixon's case, Davison speculates, "the stroke, although not caused directly by the stress, was probably hastened by it." Depression can affect the surviving spouse's will to live; suicide is elevated in the bereaved, along with accidents not involving cars. Involvement in life helps prolong it. Mortality, says Duke University psychiatrist Daniel Blazer, is higher in older people without a good social-support-system, who don't feel they're part of a group or a family, that they "fit in" somewhere. And that's a more common problem for men, who tend not to have as many close friendships as women. The sudden absence of routines can also be a health hazard, says Blazer. "A person who loses a spouse shows deterioration in normal habits like sleeping and eat- rag," he says. "They don't have that other person to orient them, like when do you go to bed, when do you wake up, when do you eat, when do you take your medication, when do you go out to take a walk? Your pattern is no longer locked into someone else's pattern, so it deteriorates." While earlier studies suggested that the first six months to a year--or even the first week--were times of higher mortality for the bereaved, some newer studies find no special vulnerability in this initial period. Most men and women, of course, do not die as a result of the loss of a spouse. And there are ways to improve the odds. A strong sense of separate identity and lack of over-dependency during the marriage are helpful. Adult sons and daughters, siblings and friends need to pay special attention to a newly widowed parent. They can make sure that he or she is socializing, getting proper nutrition and medical care, expressing emotion and, above all, feeling needed and appreciated.

单选题Which of the following is NOT correct?A. The meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized.B. The meaning of an utterance is concrete and context-dependent.C. The meaning of a sentence is based on utterance meaning.D. Utterance meaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication or simply in a context.

单选题Wolfson maintains that there is no such thing as natural speech in any absolute sense, because ______.

单选题Britain's east midlands were once the picture of English countryside, alive with flocks, shepherds, skylarks and buttercups—the stuff of fairytales. In 1941 George Marsh left school at the age of 14 to work as a herdsman in Nottinghamshire, the East Midlands countryside his parents and grandparents farmed. He recalls skylarks nesting in cereal fields, which when accidentally disturbed would fly singing into the sky. But in his lifetime, Marsh has seen the color and diversity of his native land fade. Farmers used to grow about a ton of wheat per acre; now they grow four tons. Pesticides have killed off the insects upon which skylarks fed, and year-round harvesting has driven the birds from their winter nests. Skylarks are now rare. "Farmers kill anything that affects production," says Marsh. "Agriculture is too efficient." Anecdotal evidence of a looming crisis in biodiversity is now being reinforced by science. In their comprehensive surveys of plants, butterflies and birds over the past 20 to 40 years in Britain, ecologists Jeremy Thomas and Carly Stevens found significant population declines in a third of all native species. Butterflies are the furthest along—71 percent of Britain's 58 species are shrinking in number, and some, like the large blue and tortoiseshell, are already extinct. In Britain's grasslands, a key habitat, 20 percent of all animal, plant and insect species are on the path to extinction. There's hardly a corner of the country's ecology that isn't affected by this downward spiral. The problem would be bad enough if it were merely local, but it's not: because Britain's temperate ecology is similar to that in so many other parts of the world, it's the best microcosm scientists have been able to study in detail. Scientists have sounded alarms about species' extinction in the past, but always specific to a particular animal or place—whales in the 1980s or the Amazonian rain forests in the 1990s. This time, though, the implications are much wider. The Amazon is a "biodiversity hot spot" with a unique ecology. But in Britain, "the main drivers of change are the same processes responsible for species' declines worldwide," says Thomas. The findings, published in the journal Science, provide the first clear evidence that the world is in the throes of a massive extinction. Thomas and Stevens argue that we are facing a loss of 65 to 95 percent of the world's species, on the scale of an ice age or the meteorite that may have wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. If so, this would be only tile sixth time such devastation had occurred in the past 600 million years. The other five were associated with one-off events like the ice ages, a volcanic eruption or a meteor. This time, ecosystems are dying a thousand deaths from overfishing and the razing of the rain forests, but also from advances in agriculture. The British study, for instance, finds that one of the biggest problems is nitrogen pollution. Nitrogen is released when fossil fuels burn in cars and power plants, but also when ecologically rich heath lands are plowed and fertilizers are spread. Nitrogen-rich fertilizers fuel the growth of tall grasses, which in turn overshadow and kill off delicate flowers like harebells and eyebrights. Even seemingly innocuous practices are responsible for vast ecological damage. When British farmers stopped feeding horses and cattle with hay and switched to silage, a kind of preserved short grass, they eliminated a favorite nesting spot of corncrakes, birds known for their raspy nightly mating calls; corncrake populations have fallen 76 percent in the past 20 years, The depressing list goes on and on. Many of these practices are being repeated throughout the world, in one form or another, which is why scientists believe that the British study has global implications. Wildlife is getting blander. "We don't know which species are essential to the web of life so we're taking a massive risk by eliminating any of them," says David Wed in, professor of ecology at the University of Nebraska. Chances are we'll be seeing the results of this experiment before too long.

单选题Which of the following can be the best title of the article?

单选题The victory of ______ was the turning point of the War of Independence. A. Saratoga B. Gettysburg C. Trenton D. Yorktown

单选题{{I}} Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.{{/I}}

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题______ is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e. a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable "center" or "head". A. An exocentric construction B. A coordination C. An endocentric construction D. A collocation

单选题The river Thames is in ______.

单选题______ is the second largest city of Canada.[A] Corner Brook[B] Toronto[C] Montreal[D] Vancouver

单选题Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of ______ in the Middle English period.

单选题______ proposed the idea of the surface structure and the deep structure.

单选题______ is the core of leader ship of the British government.

单选题The term Metaphysical Poetry is commonly used to name the works of the seventeenth century writers who wrote under the influence of______.

单选题DianeLarsen-Freemanwasa______majorwhenshewasanundergraduatestudent.

单选题 Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.

单选题For a CEO to be successful in government, he has to