单选题______ is regarded as "the poets' poet".A. Edmund Spenser B. William ShakespeareC. Christopher Marlowe D. John Milton

单选题Which city is located in the west coast of the U.S.?

单选题William Butler Yeats was a(n) _________ poet and playwright.

单选题The word "pooh-pooh" in the sixth paragraph means ______.

单选题Vibrations in the ground are a poorly understood but probably widespread means of communication between animals. It seems unlikely that these animals could have detected seismic "pre-shocks" that were missed by the sensitive vibration-detecting equipment that clutters the world's earthquake laboratories. But it is possible. And the fact that many animal species behave strangely before other natural events such as storms, and that they have the ability to detect others of their species at distances which the familiar human senses could not manage, is well established. Such observations have led some to suggest that these animals have a kind of extra-sensory perception. What is more likely, though, is that they have an extra sense—a form of perception that people lack. The best guess is that they can feel and understand vibrations that are transmitted through the ground. Almost all the research done into animal signalling has been on sight, hearing and smell, because these are senses that people possess. Humans have no sense organs designed specifically to detect terrestrial vibrations. But, according to researchers who have been meeting in Chicago at a symposium of the society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, this anthropocentric approach has meant that interactions via vibrations of the ground (a means of communication known as seismic signalling) have been almost entirely over-looked. These researchers believe that such signals are far more common than biologists had realized—and that they could explain a lot of otherwise inexplicable features of animal behaviour. Until recently, the only large mammal known to produce seismic signals was the elephant seal, a species whose notoriously aggressive bulls slug it out on beaches around the world for possession of harems of females. But Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell of Stanford University, who is one of the speakers at the symposium, suspects that a number of large terrestrial mammals, including rhinos, lions and elephants also use vibration as a means of communication. At any rate they produce loud noises that are transmitted through both the ground and the air—and that can travel farther in the first than in the second. Elephants, according to Dr. O'Connell-Rodwell, can transmit signals through the ground this way for distances of as much as 50km when they trumpet, make mock charges or stomp their feet. A seismic sense could help to explain certain types of elephant behaviour. One is an apparent ability to detect thunderstorms well beyond the range that the sound of a storm can carry. Another is the foot-lifting that many elephants display prior to the arrival of another herd. Rather than scanning the horizon with their ears, elephants tend to freeze their posture and raise and lower a single foot. This probably helps them to work out from which direction the vibrations are travelling—rather as a person might stick a finger first in one ear and then in the other to work out the direction that a sound is coming from. In the past decade, many insects, spiders, scorpions, amphibians, reptiles and rodents, as well as large mammals, have been shown to use vibrations for purposes as diverse as territorial defense, mate location and prey detection. Lions, for example, have vibration detectors in their paws and probably use them in the same way as scorpions use their vibration detectors—to locate meals. Dr. Hill herself spent years trying to work out how prairie mole crickets, a highly territorial species of burrowing insect, manage to space themselves out underground. After many failed attempts to provoke a reaction by playing recordings of cricket song to them, she realized that they were actually more interested in her own footfalls than in the airborne music of their fellow crickets. This suggests that it is the seismic component of the song that the insects are picking up and using to distribute themselves. Whether any of this really has implications for such things as earthquake prediction is, of course, highly speculative. But it is a salutary reminder that the limitations of human senses can cause even competent scientists to overlook obvious lines of enquiry. Absence of evidence, it should always be remembered, is not evidence of absence.

单选题Teachers and other specialists in early childhood education recognize that children develop at different rates. Given anything that resembles a well-rounded life — with adults and other children to listen to, talk to, do things with — their minds will acquire naturally all the skills required for further learning. Take for example, reading. The two strongest predictors of whether children will learn to read easily and well at school are whether they have learned the names and the sounds of letters of the alphabet before they start school. That may seem to imply that letter names and sounds should be deliberately taught to young children, because these skills will not happen naturally. But in all the research programs where they have done just that — instructed children, rehearsed the names and sounds over and over — the results are disappointing. The widely accepted explanation is that knowledge of the alphabet for it to work in helping one to read, has to be deeply embedded in the child's mind. That comes from years of exposure and familiarity with letters, from being read to, from playing with magnetic letters, drawing and fiddling with computers. So parents can do some things to help, although many do these things spontaneously. Instead of reading a story straight through, the reader should pause every so often and ask questions but not questions which can be answered by a yes or no. Extend their answers, suggest alternative possibilities and pose progressively more challenging questions. And with arithmetic do not explicitly sit down and teach children about numbers, but all those early years count when walking up steps. Recite nursery rhymes. Talk to children. Say this is a led apple, thru is a green one. Please get three eggs out of the fridge for me The technical term in vogue for this subtle structuring of children's early learning is "scaffolding". Based on recent extensions of the work of the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky the idea is that there are things a child may be almost ready to do. Anna, for example, cannot tie a shoelace by herself, but if an adult or a competent child forms one of the loops for her, she will soon learn to do the rest. Applying this concept to older children, one wonderful teacher has her children keep lists of "Words I can Almost Spell". While this has all the hallmarks of common sense, it represents a significant change of emphasis from the idea of Piaget, which have dominated the theory of early childhood learning. The child in Piaget's theory looks, more than anything, like a little scientist — exploring the environment, observing, experimenting, thinking and slowly coming to his or her conclusions about how the world works. The image is of a rather solitary pursuit with all the real action in the child's head. The Vygotsky model re-introduces all the people who also inhabit the child's world — parents, care-givers, relatives, siblings and all those other children at play or school. They are not simply noise, clattering in the background while the child's developing mind struggles on its own. The cognitive development of the child, that is, the learning of colors or numbers or letters — depends on learning how to interact socially, how to learn from the people (as well as the things) in the environment. What is important is that the child develops the range of social skills — being able to express a preference, knowing how to take rums, being able to stand up for themselves, being able to get into a group, being able to make decisions, being able to share, having confidence to go off on their own. These all require careful nurturing. No one is telling parents not to think about their children’ s development It is just that it is more important to think about a child's desire to chat and the importance of social behavior and play activity, than the actually more trivial markers of intellectual achievement such as being the first kid in the group to cut a circle that looks like a circle.

单选题Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?

单选题{{B}}TEXT E{{/B}} No one person has done more to shape modern sexual values in America and therefore the Western world —than Dr. Alfred Kinsey. The researcher's ground-breaking 1949 study, "Sexual Behaviour in the Human Male", which followed by its companion work on females, tore aside the curtain of silence on sexuality and lifted the taboos on talking freely about what popular culture would previously only refer to as "makin' whoopee". Kinsey's research into what makes us tick in the bedroom not only laid the groundwork for the 1960s sexual revolution, but also did the same for much of the theory behind modern-day sex education. After Sigmund Freud made his career reminding us how repressed we were, Kinsey grabbed the baton and went on to show us what we could do about it. But now his post-war glory has faded and conservative critics point to AIDS, drugs and other social ills as natural products of 1960s counter-culture. Kinsey's star is on the wane; indeed, new allegations, some of them partly justified, are not only casting doubt on his scientific methods, but asking whether the good doctor should have been thrown in jail as a child abuser. The anti-Kinsey ball started rolling in the 1980s when a researcher called Judith Reisman published a book, Kinsey, Sex and Fraud, questioning his methods, especially using a large number of convicts, and unconventional and promiscuous interviewees in his research, while claiming that his eventual findings on sexual nature were representative of average, heterosexual citizens. This theme was taken up late last year by the Family Research Council in Washington, possibly the United States' most influential group lobbying for traditional, Christian family values. Kinsey is a natural target for the organisation, since it believes that the researcher's aim was nothing less than the destruction of traditional moral values and the initiation of a new order of free-love. The council has just won a small victory. It recently produced a video and booklet asking serious questions about a section in Kinsey's work in which he produced statistics on the rate of sexual climax for children as young as four months. While it now seems incredible that no one in 1949 bothered to ask how Kinsey could possibly know how young boys were reaching climax, the council finally did. The video demanded to know what experiments Kinsey did, whether they involved criminal abuse, and where those victims are now. Since Kinsey had long gone, it was left to the Kinsey Institute at Indiana University to speak on his behalf. Its director revealed a long-standing secrets no, the great man had not laid his hands on any youngsters, he said, all his information came from one single source: a paedophile who had had sex with over 300 boys. The admission has cast serious doubt on the famous doctor's credentials (the child molester in the study conveniently died in 1955) and provided ammunition to those who wish to demonise his entire legacy. Evidence that the anti-Kinsey movement was gaining ground came in 1994, when President Bill Clinton had to sack his Surgeon General, Joycelyn Elders, for making the Kinseyesque remark that schoolchildren should be made aware of masturbation. Now, the father of free love must be squirming in his grave.

单选题American Transcendentalism attaches great importance to ______.A. InspirationB. ImaginationC. IntuitionD. Reason

单选题After seeing a doctor, a person may decide to keep his tattoo because ______.

单选题 {{B}}TEXT A{{/B}} A deputy sheriff's dash mounted camera captures his tornado chase. Racing just minutes behind the monster storm he looks for damage and victims. Dep. Robert Jolley, "It was big and ugly." He is stopped, briefly, by a fallen power line. Dep. Robert Jolley, "We had to keep stopping, moving debris, out of the roadway, things like that." At about this time, he sees the tornado begin tearing through the rural community of Bridge Creek. Beneath the storm, Robert Williams and his family climb into a closet and brace themselves for the very worst minutes of their lives. Robert Williams tells his family's story, "We set down and grabbed the door, and shut it, and held on to it as tight as I could. It snatched the roof off, and pulled the mattress up, and pulled all the kids up. I saw them go up; at the same time the walls fell; my wife was holding on to me, fell over and sliding with the house, The trailer I guess blew up on this thing, and slid over the top of us, and then it pushed us over that there, somewheres. It killed my wife and had me trapped on the back of the house." Williams' wife died in his arms. Robert Williams, "She couldn't say nothing. I just held her head in my hands, cause that's all I could get up, and tears roiled down her face, and she died, and that was it. Tough, tough, tough. Tough time for everybody." His daughter, Amy Crago, her husband, Ben Molton, and their ten month old baby girl, Aleah, vanished. Amy Crago says, "We was all together, and we all rolled a little bit together, and then we just all went different directions. I don't know what happened to my baby during it all, but I didn't pass out through the whole thing, I remember it very well, and I was in the air, and all the debris was hitting me and you can't imagine how bad that hurt." The tornado tossed Amy Crago and her baby hundreds of feet in different directions. She says, "I went to 6ne house and I reached in one window and got a shirt and put it on my head, cause it was bleeding, and I finally found a lady and she took me down to where the police were and the police, I was just trying to get my baby, I thought my whole family was dead." "I just knew everybody was dead and I was all alone. I was so happy when they found her. It's just a miracle. There's surely nothing else you can say about it..." Amy Crago— Eventually Amy got a ride to a hospital. That's about the time deputy Robert Jolley arrived and saw Amy% father. He says, "I saw one man walking in the road way say he lost his daughter and granddaughter, so this is where I immediately started looking." At the scene of the tornado he describes what happened when he went looking for the baby, "We got down here to where all this debris is up against the trees, Something caught the corner of my eye. I looked and I couldn't see anything. And when I looked again, I could see there was a baby, curled around the base of the tree, down there, had her little face in the mud." Deputy Jolley's dash mounted camera captures the rest. "She actually looked like a rag doll. She was dirty. Her ears were packed with mud, her eyes were packed with mud. When the baby started crying, I felt great, felt wonderful. I kept the baby with me for about 45 minutes, before I could find EMS, and I turned her over to them." Baby Aleah was reunited with her mother in a hospital. Now they are staying in a motel with her dad. She says, "I just knew everybody was dead and I was all alone. I was so happy when they found her. It's just a miracle. There% surely nothing else you can say about it." Amy lost her mother; her husband is in critical condition, but alive. And except for a few bruises baby Aleah is doing just fine.

单选题Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs from overseas flock in search of fame, fast money and to participate in a technological revolution whose impact on mankind will surely surpass the epoch-matting European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age. It is noteworthy that close to 50% of its skilled manpower, including engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs, come from Asia. Prominent among them are Indians and Chinese, and not a few Singaporeans. They include such illustrious names as Vinod Khosla who co-founded Sun Microsystems, Jerry Yang of Yahoo fame and Singaporean Sim Wong Hoo, to name a few. Many countries have, or are in the process of creating, their own "Silicon Valley". So far, none has as yet threatened the preeminence of the US prototype. What makes Silicon Valley such a tmique entity? There are several crucial factors. First and foremost, it has the largest concentration of brilliant computer professionals and the best supporting services in the world, and easy access to world-class research institutions, like Stanford University, which continually nurtures would-be geniuses that the industry needs in order to move forward. Without these advantages, the Valley would be a different place. Secondly, it actively encourages, or even exalts, risk-taking. Hence, failure holds no terror and there is no stigma attached to a failed effort. On the contrary, they will try even harder next time round. Such never-say-die approach is the sine qua non for the ultimate triumph in entrepreneurship and technological breakthrough. A third decisive factor is the vital role of venture capitalists who willingly support promising start-ups with urgently needed initial capital to get them started. Some would even give failed entrepreneurs a second chance if convinced that a fresh concept might lead to eventual success. Of equal importance, many bright young people and middle level professionals are keen to work for a new venture at substantially reduced remuneration, as it offers more scope for entrepreneurship and job satisfaction than the established companies. There is also a pride of achievement if their efforts contribute to its fruition. The Valley's professionals are among the most hardworking people anywhere. A 15-hour day and 7-day week is not uncommon, especially during the start-up stage. They would give up social life, and curtail their family life too, in order to pursue the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. It is this single minded pursuit of excellence, supported by strong ethos of team work and esprit de corps, which sustain them until their mission is accomplished. Paper qualifications, though useful, is not a be all and end all. More weight is given to a candidate's proven abilities and aptitude for the job. This is amply demonstrated by industry icons like Apple's Jobs and Wozniak and Microsoft's Gates, all college dropouts who might not have emerged in a qualification-conscious community. While racial prejudice no doubt still exists in the United States, albeit in a less degrading form as before, it is hardly discernible in the Valley. What counts most is one's vision and track record, and not one's nationality, skin colour or creed. This, together with its multiracial society, informal lifestyle and agreeable climate, lure foreigners to its shores. However, with the collapse of the US NASDAQ share index earlier this year resulting in the plunge in prices of technology shares 'listed on it and elsewhere, the hitherto valuable share options held by numerous paper dot.corn millionaires have become virtually worthless in these changed circumstances. Those who could not take the heat, as it were, left their employment feeling disillusioned. Be that as it may, the majority in the Valley view this traumatic experience only as a temporary setback for the industry. They are sanguine that its longer term prospects remain bright as the ultimate potential of the information age has not yet run its full course. They are confident that it will flourish Well into this century provided it maintains its cutting-edge in science and technology.

单选题{{B}}TEXT B{{/B}} At 5:30 in the morning we are deep in a dark forest on an island in the midddle of the Panama Canal. We've been out walking for only 15 minutes, but I'm already soaked in sweat. As a colleague and I plod along, my head lamp picks out the occasional trail marker, but mainly the light seems to operate as a major local landmark for insects. Several mosquitoes have already discovered the delights of the soft parts of my ears, while others are slowly working their way between my seeks and legs to be discovered later after much scratching. Suddenly a deranged roaring and barking starts 25m above my head and builds chaotically and intensity before slowly quieting after several minutes. Similar mad choruses respond from other areas of the forest. Hearing the dawn cacophony of howler monkeys always give me a deep sense of pleasure -- the joy of being back in the tropics. It may be a hot, humid place where insects, plants and fungi rule, but the phone and fax won't find me here. I'm free to watch monkeys, collect data and try to tease out a tiny piece of the great puzzle of life's diversity. That diversity faces disaster, and every biologist has a horror story to tell. Each year many of us return to the field after a cold winter's teaching to discover that our research sites have been destroyed and our experiments and study organisms have disappeared. We can see with our own eyes the mass extermination of the world's animal and plant life as forests, savannas and wetlands give way to farmland, housing developments and shopping malls. If current rates of habitat destruction continue, it is likely that we will condemn from a quarter to half the world's currently living species to extinction within the next 100 years. Nowhere is life more diverse than in tropical rainforests, and nowhere is the assault on life more tragic. Scientists are only beginning to understand the complex webs of interdependencies among various species. Increasingly, ecological research in the tropics is revealing how dependent humans are on forests for a wide variety of important services, particularly regulation of the earth's atmosphere and climate. We may owe as much to the residents of the rainforests as we do our cattle, corn and wheat. Much of our understanding of tropical-forest biology comes from research on Barro Colorado Island, a 1,600-hectare dot in the middle of the Panama Canal. B. C. I., as the island is affectionately known to the biologists who work there, is covered with dense tropical forest, which was declared a nature reserve in 1923. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute facility on B. C. I., established in 1946, is a Mecca for tropical biologists, who work to uncover the complex links between the large variety of species that live in forests and to demonstrate the importance of these woodlands as sources for medicines and other products of incalculable value to humans. The atmosphere at the research station is probably similar to that at Los Alamos, New Mexico, in the 1940s when a group of the world's top physicists were cloistered together trying to design the atom bomb. The justified the creation of a nuclear weapon by assuming it would provide the ultimate deterrent that could be used to reinforce peace in a democratic world. Similarly, the longer-term future of human civilization on earth is dependent on the earth's forests, which act as its lungs, livers and kidneys. That is why scientists on B. C. I. are struggling to unravel the mysteries of the forests before they disappear. At first the forest in Panama just looks like a wall of green. Then you start to notice differences between plant species, and file sheer diversity seems suddenly overwhelming. Variations between plants are often subtle and only apparent for the short period of time that a species bears flowers or fruit. Slowly you begin to identify specific types and family groups such as the palms, heliconias and fig trees. Yet each of these families contains many species, every one of which has a subtle variation on an evolutionary theme that has found a slightly different way of competing for limited light and nutrients, or escaping from predators and diseases. The fig trees provide a spectacular example of the complex interaction of species that enables forests to function. Of more than 1,000 species of figs in the world, at least 20 are found in Panama. Most tree species on B. C. I. bear fruit only seasonally, producing an abundance of it at the beginning of the rainy season in May and June. This is all consumed by variety of birds, monkeys and bats, and by the end of the rainy season, in October through December, there is a major shortage of food in the forest. Saving the day are the fig trees, which may bear fruit at any time. Why do fig trees follow a different fruiting strategy from that of other trees? It turns out that figs are pollinated by tiny insects called fig wasps. The female wasp enters the fig flowers when they appear, lays her eggs and then dies. In the process she brings in fig pollen, which fertilizes the flower and spurs development of the fig fruit. Meanwhile the wasp's eggs develop within the flower into larvae, which feed on some of the fruit before metamorphosing into adults and mating within the fruit. The males then die, while the females, by now covered in pollen, leave the fig in search of a new flower in which to lay their eggs, thus keeping the pollination going. Research by Allen Herre and colleagues at B. C. I. has shown that adult female fig wasps live for only two days and that each species of the fig wasp is specific to species of fig. Thus there always has to be a fig in flower while one is in fruit to ensure that the cycle continues. Since a fig-tree population must bear fruit all year because of the wasp's short lifespan, the figs keep fruit-eating mammals alive during the dry season when other food sources are scarce. The fig tress are in turn dependent on these fruit-eaters as dispersers of their seeds. Of course, the fruit-eaters also disperse the seeds of other plant species that produce fruit during the rainy season. This creates a long-term dependence of the other plants on the presence of figs. All this suggests that a minimum number of fig trees is essential for a healthy tropical forest. Furthermore, studies from a variety of other habitats indicate that the disappearance of just one or two keystone species can lead to extinctions throughout the local community. In some eases it may take decades before trouble starts to show up. Ultimately the forest has the vast potential of time to recover from almost anything we do to it. Like a large green heart, it has often expanded and contracted on a time scale of tens of thousands of years, while simultaneously fostering the diversity of species that inhabit the planet, including our own species. Unfortunately our human ability to understand our relationship to the forest and other habitats has to be mustered on a much faster time scale. Luckily scientists trying to demonstrate the dependence of humans on natural communities are making huge strides. History will show that their longterm contribution to the quality of life far exceeded those of other scientific endeavors such as the bombmaking at los Alamos. It will also be far easier to justify their work to our grandchildren.

单选题Which of the following is NOT an English noble title?

单选题Distinctive sound refers to _______.

单选题How many categories do speech acts fall into according to John Searle?A. Three. B. Four C. Five D. Six

单选题

单选题______ is the second largest country in the world.[A] Canada.[B] U.S.A.[C] China.[D] Russia.

单选题{{B}}TEXT C{{/B}} Elizabeth was fortunate to be born in the lull flush of Renaissance enthusiasm for education. Women had always been educated of course, for had not St. Paul said that women were men's equals in the possession of a soul? But to the old idea that they should be trained in Christian manners and thought was now added a new purpose: to quicken the spirit and train them in the craft and eloquence of the classical authors of Greece and Rome. Critics were not wanting, morbidly obsessed with the weaknesses of the sex-- its love of novelty and inborn tendency to vice -- to think women dangerous enough without adding to their subtlety and forwardness; but they were not able to stem the tide. Henry VII's mother was one of the first to indicate the new trend. She knew enough French to translate "The Mirror of God for the Sinful Soul" and was the patron of Caxton, the first English printer, and a liberal benefactor to the universities. Sir Thomas More's daughters studied Greek, Latin, philosophy, Astronomy, Physic, Arithmetic, Logic, Rhetoric and Music. In his household women were treated as men's equals in conversation and wit, and scholars boasted of them in letters to friends abroad. The movement was strengthened from abroad by Catherine of Aragon, Henry VIII'S Spanish Queen. In the Spain of her childhood ladies were the friends of scholars Vives, one of the most refreshing figures in the history of education, to write a plan of studies for the education of her daughter Mary. This was the heritage into Which the sharp-witted child Elizabeth entered. At six years old, it was said, she was precociously intelligent and had as much gravity as if she had been forty. Little is known of her education until her tenth year, when she became the pupil of the Cambridge humanists, Roger Ascham and William Grindall, but she was already learning French and Italian and must have been well grounded in Lation. Ascham helped her to form that beautiful Italian hand she wrote on all special occasions and with him she spent the morning on Greek, first the New Testament and then the classical authors, translating them first into English and then back into the original. The afternoons were given over to Latin, and she also studied Protestant theology, kept up her French and Italian and later learned Spanish. When she was sixteen Ascham wrote: " Her mind has no womanly weakness, her perseverance is equal to that of a man, and her memory long keeps what it quickly picks up." Though it is easy to be cynical about the reputed accomplishments of the great, Elizabeth was notoriously quick and intelligent and had a real love of learning. Even as queen she did not abandon her studies.

单选题Psycholinguistics investigates the interrelation of language and ______. A. a speech community B. its diversity C. human mind D. human behavior