The sudden death of an admired public person always seems an impossibility. People ascribe invulnerability, near immortality to our centers of attention. John Kennedy dies, and it could not happen. John Lennon dies, and it could not happen. Elvis, and Grace Kelly, and shock after shock. And now this death of a young woman by whom the world had remained shocked from the moment she first appeared before it, whose name contained the shadow of her end: Princess Di. But who would have believed it? People thought every thought that could be thought about Diana, but not death. She was beauty, death's opposite. Beauty is given not only a special place of honor in the world but also a kind of permanence, as if it were an example of the tendency of nature to perfect itself, and therefore something that once achieved, lives forever. Her life never seemed as tragic as it was often made out—just sad, and a little off. She married the wrong man. Her in-laws could be vindictive. For every photographer eager to capture a picture of her in one of those astonishing evening gowns or hats, another was hiding in the bushes ready to bring her down. One cannot think of any public statement of hers that was especially brilliant or witty. She was more innocent than clever; even her confession of an affair to a reporter sounded girlish. If pressed, few could say exactly what it was that made her so important, especially to people outside England, except for the fact that one could not take one's eyes off the woman. Yet that was no small thing. Diana was someone one had to look at, and such a person comes along once in a blue moon. She had a soft heart; that was evident. She had a knack for helping people in distress. And all such qualities rose in a face that everyone was simply pleased to see. In a way, she was more royal than the royals. She had a higher station than the Queen of England; she was the nominal young monarch of her own country and of every other place in the world. She was the sentimental favorite figurehead, who was authorized to sign no treaties, command no armies, make no wars. All she had was the way she looked and sounded and behaved. No model or actress could hold a candle to her. She was the image every child has of a princess—the one who can feel the pea under the mattresses, who kisses the frog, who lets down her hair from the tower window. Her marriage was gone long before her death. As the years went on, it is likely that there would have been other romances after Dodi Al Fayed to tickle the throngs. Exactly how her life would have progressed is hard to imagine. She would have continued to be a good mother and a worker for the ill and the poor: she would have been pictured from time to time at a dinner party or on a boat. In older age she might have become the King's mother, welcomed back into the royal family at a time of life that is automatically accorded status. How would she have looked? The hair whiter, the skin a bit more lined, but the eyes would still have had that sweet mixture of kindness and longing. By then the story of her and Charles, the scandals and accusations, might have been lost in smoke. Yet if people now were asked how they will remember Diana, what picture among the thousands they will hold in their mind, it would not be Diana at an official ceremony, or with a boyfriend, or even with her children. It would be her on the day of her wedding, when all the world was glad to be her subject and when she gave everyone who looked at her the improbable idea that life was beautiful.

Some educators believe the majors offered at higher education institutions should be based on social demands and graduate's career prospect. However, others believe that a prospective employment rate is not the only measure by which to judge a degree's worth. For example, despite the difficulty of finding a job in many undergraduate programs, many programs, like philosophy and history, are still necessary in larger society. The following are two excerpts of opinions concerning this issue. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions and then 2. express your opinion towards the main determinant of college major setting.Excerpt 1 Market Needs First When planning to offer a new major, universities must first have sufficient educational resources, including qualified teaching staff and classroom equipment and space, to name but a few. Lately, quite a few universities have added as many as 10 new majors to their ranks in just one year. Observers can't help worrying whether or not these schools are operating beyond their capabilities. Without a normal "recruitment system" for majors, outdated majors continue to recruit students. Similarly, when currently popular majors become obsolete in several years' time, students pursuing these degrees will find themselves in extremely difficult conditions in terms of job hunting. In most developed countries, colleges have to take market needs into account, and they are also under strict management by education authorities, which provide information on employment prospects and thus guide the programs on offer. Sometimes companies cooperate with universities in terms of student recruitment and internship or job opportunities. On occasion, students are even allowed to submit suggestions for majors or coursework. In China, universities tend to have the final say on degrees and their curricula, and this detachment from market needs has inevitably resulted in high unemployment rates in specific areas.Excerpt 2 Wide-Ranging Education When college graduates are faced with the ever-growing pressures of employment, it's necessary to adjust how undergraduate degree programs are designed in order to make job-hunting easier for students. However, this does not mean that universities are right to rush in the opposite direction, suddenly offering several new majors that enjoy high employment rates. Low employment prospects among college graduates can be attributed to two things: expanding student recruitment efforts over the last decade and structural problems in the labor market. Even with the majors that are most saleable in the job hunt, employment rates will not always necessarily be ideal. Labor surpluses exist everywhere, most especially in cases of increasing numbers of students flocking to oversubscribed programs that promise better chances of employment. No matter how favorable a degree is in the labor market, when so many people are competing for jobs, any major can come to carry a major risk of unemployment. It's improper for universities to expand recruitment by offering dead-end degrees and misleading students about employment prospects. However, it's also improper to judge a degree track simply by its expected employment rate. Actually, many majors and training programs in universities silently contribute to social progress despite their graduates not enjoying promising career paths. If schools suddenly stopped recruiting students for these degrees just because employment prospects are low, the damage done to society in the long term would be immeasurable.

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AbstractsI. ABSTRACTSA. Descriptive abstract—【T1】_____ of work you completed or you are proposing【T1】______— Not a(n)【T2】_____, but a snapshot of the whole work【T2】______— Proposing: predict the paperB. Informative abstract— Also called【T3】_____ abstract【T3】______— Sometimes abstract is written before the paper is completed— Check the call for papers fora)Lengthb)【T4】_____【T4】______c)Publication arrangementC.【T5】_____ or prospectus【T5】______— Prospectus: a formal plan for the research— First part of a thesis or research project— To【T6】_____ relevant parties【T6】______D. Keeping promise— A promissory note— Some【T7】_____ from the promised topics is acceptable【T7】______II. WRITING A DESCRIPTIVE ABSTRACTA. Length— Usually【T8】_____ words【T8】______B. Contents— Rationale of the paper— Research methodology— Hypothesis—【T9】_____【T9】______— Title: informative and【T10】_____【T10】______— Body:a)don't repeat or rephrase【T11】_____ in the body of abstract【T11】______b)summarize thesis and conclusionsc)goals, approach and main findingsd)keep【T12】_____ to a minimum【T12】______C. Organization— begin with【T13】______【T13】______— identify the school of theory or【T14】_____【T14】______— conclusionD. Warning— keep technical terms and avoid overuse of【T15】_____【T15】______

在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。 第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷子时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”。

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一些条件较好的地区，作物一年可以收获三次。

金圣叹说过： “人生三十不仕，不当再仕，五十不娶，不当再娶。何则?用非其时也。”这一种说法，可代表中国人一般的普通思想。中国人的事业观，最羡慕“少年得志”，最伤感“大器晚成”。为了这个原因，便是有所成就的人，到了五十以上，便有退休的意思。六十七十的人若还在事业上努力，就有抽身不得的慨叹了。 照人生上寿不过八十而言，为私人作一番打算，这种作风好像也有点道理。只是就事业的观点上说，就不对。因为越是有年纪的人，他的学识经验也就越丰富，大事业正需要这种人撑持。而且为人做事，也必须有个自信心。一老就觉得自己不行，那也透着我们生命力不强。扩而充之，整个名族如此，那是我们一种自馁精神，对名族兴衰大有关系。欧美人之成大事业总在晚年，恰与我们的观点相反。 最近有两个老人的行为，值得借鉴，挣可给我们打一针兴奋剂。

SuggestopediaI. IntroductionA. Based on how the brain works and how we learn most effectivelyB. Derived from suggestion and pedagogyC. Accelerating the learning speed to about【T1】______of the conventional【T1】______methodsII.【T2】______【T2】______A. Enhance learningB. Be a system for liberation—the preliminary【T3】______【T3】______—the previously suggested programsIII. The key elements and four main stagesA. The key elements:—a rich sensory learning environment —a positive expectation of success-【T4】______【T4】______B. The four stages:-【T5】______【T5】______—Active Concert—passive review-【T6】______【T6】______IV. Factors we should pay attention toA. Music:—slow tempo,【T7】______【T7】______—Voices and instruments should coordinate with orchestra so thatstudents can be【T8】______【T8】______B. Teachers:—cover lots of【T9】______in class【T9】______—structure the materials【T10】______【T10】______—be highly【T11】______, reliable and credible【T11】______—establish good relations with students—act as【T12】______【T12】______C【T13】______:【T13】______—include acting, singing songs, playing games, telling stories, carryingon【T14】______and psycho-dramas【T14】______—the teacher structures them carefullyV. ConclusionsCertain elements can be used more comprehensively:A. Music used both in the background and during activitiesB. Conditions in which learners are【T15】______and receptive【T15】______

Singles' Day has been hailed as another victory by modern society in terms of commercialism. Businessmen view it as a gold mine for money-digging while the netizens sing high praise for the convenience it brings us. How should we view this newly man-made festival? Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the author's opinion; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Excerpt Let's Not Discount Human Touch Next Nov. 11 I had a punishing day's shopping recently. In less than an hour, I bought 12 liter-cartons of milk, the same number of boxes of breakfast cereal, 10 hairy crabs, a dozen pairs of socks, and a replacement laptop power cable. The next day it was all delivered straight to my door, neatly packed and alive. Welcome to China's most efficient and expanding industry: Online shopping. When I left Edinburgh, the above list might have meant a whole weekend of much blood, sweat and irritation. In Beijing, however, the opposites apply. I am embarrassed to say, my list was all bought sitting in bed. This is the ultimate in modern convenience and a gold mine for the delivery and retail sectors. But I can't help thinking it's becoming a killer for society. Retailers across China will no doubt be toasting another bumper Nov. 11 shopping festival. Alibaba reported that about 91.2 billion yuan was spent on Nov. 11. That was 60 percent higher than the 57. 1 billion yuan it took on Nov. 11 last year. In my view, festivals are about mingling with happy people, listening to music, enjoying each other's company. They're not about sitting boggled in front of a PC, laptop, tablet or mobile, essentially spending for the sake of spending. In just five years, Nov. 11 has become commercialism on a vulgar scale—much like Christmas has in the West. In Edinburgh, I lived in Stockbridge. There's a 40-year-old cheese shop, a delicatessen, a hardware store, a stationer, two small supermarkets, a butcher, a fresh-fish shop, even a chocolatier: All within striking distance of each other. At the weekend, families stroll about with armfuls of real shopping bags, having conversations with real neighbors, actually interacting with their fellow Edinburgers. I fully appreciate not everyone has this luxury of such quirky shop windows on their doorsteps. Being able to source thousands of online goods, conveniently from home is amazing and impressive. But have we all become just too used to clicking a mouse than using our own two feet to go out for a nice piece of old-fashioned retail therapy? I feel we've already got to the point that choosing this rather slothful keyboard opinion is a breeding ground for a more sedentary and unsociable society. What about actual shops? Already, millions are being shuttered around the world. And those that do survive may very well be run by artificially intelligent shop assistant applications or robots—not much chat over the counter in those. Indoors, too, all-purpose robots are already doing the housework. Sensors in future could also obviate other chores, with your fridge and cupboards programmed to place orders for you. I would rather like not having my life ruled by electronics—especially those I can't look in the eye, or say hello to. So, instead of Nov. 11, how about "Get Off Your Posterior, and Go and Do Something for Yourself" Day?

PASSAGE ONE

徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。 他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究的地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船。几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉：为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景：他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。

(1) Vibrations in the ground are a poorly understood but probably widespread means of communication between animals. (2) In 1975, tens of thousands of people were evacuated from a city, a few hours before a large earthquake struck it. Scientists regard earthquakes as unpredictable, and pre-emptive evacuations such as this as therefore impossible. What gave the game away, according to the local authorities, was the strange behaviour of animals such as rats, snakes, birds, cows and horses. (3) It could have been a lucky coincidence. It seems unlikely that these animals could have detected seismic "pre-shocks" that were missed by the sensitive vibration-detecting equipment that clutters the world's earthquake laboratories. But it is possible. And the fact that many animal species behave strangely before other natural events such as storms, and that they have the ability to detect others of their species at distances which the familiar human senses could not manage, is well established. Such observations have led some to suggest that these animals have a kind of extra-sensory perception. What is more likely, though, is that they have an extra sense-a form of perception that people lack. The best guess is that they can feel and understand vibrations that are transmitted through the ground. (4) Almost all the research done into animal signaling has been on sight, hearing and smell, because these are senses that people possess. Humans have no sense organs designed specifically to detect terrestrial vibrations. But, according to researchers who have been meeting in Chicago at a symposium of the society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, this anthropocentric approach has meant that interactions via vibrations of the ground (a means of communication known as seismic signaling) have been almost entirely over-looked. These researchers believe that such signals are far more common than biologists had realized-and that they could explain a lot of otherwise inexplicable features of animal behavior. (5) Until recently, the only large mammal known to produce seismic signals was the elephant seal, a species whose notoriously aggressive bulls slug it out on beaches around the world for possession of harems of females. But Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell of Stanford University, who is one of the speakers at the symposium, suspects that a number of large terrestrial mammals, including rhinos, lions and elephants also use vibration as a means of communication. At any rate they produce loud noises that are transmitted through both the ground and the air-and that can travel farther in the first than in the second. Elephants, according to Dr O'Connell-Rodwell, can transmit signals through the ground this way for distances of as much as 50km when they trumpet, make mock charges or stomp their feet. (6) Seismic vibrations do not qualify as signals unless they are being received and understood. But it has already been shown that some smaller animals, such as frogs and crickets, pick up information from the seismic part of what everybody had assumed to be simple acoustic (ie, airborne) signals. One way this was found out was by vibrating whole frogs while recording the electrical impulses from particular cells in their inner ears that were suspected of responding to seismic stimulation. Frogs, of course, are easily manipulated. Doing something similar to an elephant requires a higher degree of co-operation from the subject. Dr O'Connell-Rodwell is, however, trying. She is attempting to train several tame elephants to respond to such signals by shutting them inside a gently vibrating truck. (7) Even without this evidence, it seems likely that elephants do make use of seismic communication. They have specialised cells that are vibrationally sensitive in their trunks. And vibrations transmitted through their skeletons may also be picked up by their exceptionally large middle-ear bones. (8) A seismic sense could help to explain certain types of elephant behavior. One is an apparent ability to detect thunderstorms well beyond the range that the sound of a storm can carry. Another is the foot-lifting that many elephants display prior to the arrival of another herd. Rather than scanning the horizon with their ears, elephants tend to freeze their posture and raise and lower a single foot. This probably helps them to work out from which direction the vibrations are traveling—rather as a person might stick a finger first in one ear and then in the other to work out the direction that a sound is coming from. (9) According to Peggy Hill, a biologist from the University of Tulsa who organised the symposium, work on seismic signalling is blossoming. Part of the reason is that the equipment needed to detect seismic vibrations (and thus short-circuit human sensory inadequacies) has become cheap. Geophones—which transform vibrations into electrical signals—were once military technology. They were developed by the American army to detect footsteps during the Vietnam war. Now, they can be picked up for as little as $40. (10) In the past decade many insects, spiders, scorpions, amphibians, reptiles and rodents, as well as large mammals, have been shown to use vibrations for purposes as diverse as territorial defense, mate location and prey detection. Lions, for example, have vibration detectors in their paws and probably use them in the same way as scorpions use their vibration detectors-to locate meals. (11) Dr. Hill herself spent years trying to work out how prairie mole crickets, a highly territorial species of burrowing insect, manage to space themselves out underground. After many failed attempts to provoke a reaction by playing recordings of cricket song to them, she realized that they were actually more interested in her own footfalls than in the airborne music of their fellow crickets. This suggests that it is the seismic component of the song that the insects are picking up and using to distribute themselves. (12) Whether any of this really has implications for such things as earthquake prediction is, of course, highly speculative. But it is a salutary reminder that the limitations of human senses can cause even competent scientists to overlook obvious lines of enquiry. Absence of evidence, it should always be remembered, is not evidence of absence.

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多极化趋势正在全球范围内继续发展。各种重要力量相互依存，相互制约，相互合作，有利于世界的和平与稳定。全球有近二百个国家。国家不论大小、贫富、强弱，都是国际大家庭的平等成员。世界和平要靠各国人民的共同努力。世界事务应由世界各国共同参与。我们生活在一个丰富多彩的世界。世界各国无论社会制度、价值观念和发展水平，还是历史传统、宗教信仰和文化背景，都存在着差别。

因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小：因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。

Human being have thirty-three or thirty-four vertebrae, but a snake may have as many as three hundred.

读书的状态大致分为三种：一是为别人而读，二是为有用而读，三是为兴趣而读。 处在第一种状态是最痛苦的，自己本不想读，但迫于外界压力却不得不读。好多中小学生就属于这种情形。在这样的状态下，读书真是苦不堪言。有不少学生曾咬牙切齿地发誓：毕业考试一结束，一定把××书烧掉。 一些为了拿文凭、评职称而读书的亦在此列，对于他们而言，读书实在是件苦差事。 第二种是为有用而读书。处在此列的人已知书中自有黄金屋和颜如玉，已经能从烟波浩淼的书海中有所取舍，读书很有目的性。或为提高专业技术水平，或为丰富知识，学电脑的看电脑书籍，学文学的看小说，当老师的读教育心理，做生意的看经济，搞行政的读政治、管理……为获得某方面的知识而读书，以具备养家糊口的基本技能，凭真才实学立足于社会。 第三种是为兴趣而读书。这是读书的自觉状态，更是一种境界。不为有用，只因喜欢。这些读者把读书当作生存的基本需要，读书已和吃饭睡觉一样必不可少。三日不读书，则自觉面目可憎，心里就空虚、失落、不踏实。

PASSAGE THREE

They couldn't, as if they would, get out of trouble by themselves.