Non-Verbal Communications Across CulturesNon-verbal communications can affirm, complement or even contradict what is being verbally transmitted. In addition to this, non-verbal communications vary from country to country.I. Gesture— Pointinga)Pointing with a single finger is considered【T1】_____ in Asia【T1】______b)American people use【T2】_____ fingers to point【T2】______c)German people use pinky to pointd)In UK, flashing a peace sign with the back of one's hand is an【T3】_____ of flipping someone the bird【T3】______— Greetinga)USA:【T4】_____【T4】______b)Somewhere else: a kissII. Eye Contact— West: direct eye contact is【T5】_____【T5】______— African-Americans: more eye contact when speaking, less when listening— Anglo-Americans:【T6】_____African-Americans【T6】______— Northern Europe: more flirtatious facets— Middle East: prolonged eye contact means to show【T7】_____【T7】______— Some Asian countries: avoiding eye contact means to show【T8】_____【T8】______III. Physical Contact— Americans will shake hands,【T9】_____, upon encountering someone【T9】______— Islamic cultures:【T10】_____ is not allowed【T10】______— Asian cultures: touching the head is considered【T11】_____ the soul【T11】______IV.【T12】______【T12】______— Some cultures think Americans do not bathe【T13】_____【T13】______— Some think Americans over-bathe themselvesV. Time—【T14】_____ is highly valued in Switzerland, Germany and Sweden【T14】______— Europeans:【T15】_____ of vacation is the norm【T15】______— Americans: 2 weeks is the norm

Some universities in China set up a rule that students are not allowed to display their affection in public. If students are found kissing or hugging on campus, they might be expelled from the college. Some think that these regulations are somewhat ruthless. The following article provides detailed information about this issue. Read it carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the article; 2. express your own opinion, especially on whether we should allow students to display their affection on campus. Display Your Affection But Think of the Public, Too Nearly 40,000 people have joined an online debate over whether a college has the right to interfere in public display of affection by students on campus. It all started with a media report about a unique part-time job that the Nanjing University of Forestry created for its students four years ago. Wearing red armbands as identification, the students patrol the campus, discouraging their schoolmates from spitting, littering, vandalizing school property and stepping on lawns. But their most controversial assignment is to stop students from displaying "intense intimacy", such as kissing, embracing, or sitting on each other's laps. The university is proud of its program. Jinling Evening News quotes one school official as saying: "The program not only creates nearly 100 part-time jobs, but also helps to maintain a civilized environment." The campus is "clean", the official said, now that students are encouraged to show some restraint in public. Not surprisingly, the students see it a bit differently. One student complained that the monitors always appear when she and her boyfriend "just try to sit a bit closer". Another student, a junior who calls himself Ah Wei, said online that he and his girlfriend no longer meet to talk in the campus garden. "We felt as if there was always a pair of eyes watching us," he wrote. The student monitors feel torn. They like having a job, but they are afraid of offending their schoolmates. About two-thirds of the online posts appear to favor the monitors; about one-third opposes them. I certainly understand the students' position. After all, who wants a chaperone hovering around during an intimate moment? College students are adults; they should be responsible for their own actions without being monitored by others. We Chinese have come a long way in openly expressing our emotions, including affection. Confucius dictated that men and women should observe propriety. Ancient rituals even forbade men and women from touching hands. A lot of barriers have fallen since China began to open up 30 years ago. Go to any middle school after school and you will see students streaming out of class, boys and girls chatting and laughing together. It is not uncommon to see boys and girls holding hands or even kissing if they think no one is watching. College-age men and women are adults and should enjoy even more freedom. On the other hand, I do hate to see young people indulging in acts of intimacy in public, oblivious to the feelings of others. A colleague of mine recently found herself crowded at one end of a subway car, while a pair of teens disported themselves at the other end. "All the people around me just tried to pretend the boy and girl weren't there," my friend said. The Nanjing University of Forestry may have gone too far, but it is their job to teach youngsters to behave in public so as not to offend people's sensibilities.

A microphone enables a soft tone to be amplified, thus making it possible the gentle renditions of romantic love songs in a large hall.

Old though this topic seems to be, the relationship between money and happiness never ceases to be a hot debate. Can money always bring happiness? Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the author's opinion; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Excerpt Everything That Rises Must Converge Poets, songwriters and left-wing politicians hate the idea, but for decades the evidence of opinion poll has been clear: money buys happiness and the richer you are, the more likely you are to express satisfaction with your life. A survey of 43 countries published on October 30th by the Pew Research Centre of Washington, DC, shows that people in emerging markets are within a whisker of expressing the same level of satisfaction as people in rich countries. It is the biggest qualification to the standard view of happiness and income seen so far. The Pew poll asks respondents to measure, on a scale from zero to ten, how good their lives are. (Those who say between seven and ten are counted as happy. ) In 2007, 57% of respondents in rich countries put themselves in the top four tiers; in emerging markets the share was 33 % ; in poor countries only 16% —a classic expression of the standard view. But in 2014, 54% of rich-country respondents counted themselves as happy, whereas in emerging markets the percentage jumped to 51%. This was happening just at a time when emerging markets' chances of converging economically with the West seemed to be receding. Rich countries did not experience steep decline in happiness. The decreases in America and Britain were tiny (a percentage point) , while the share of happy Germans rose 13 points. A large drop in formerly joyful Spain ensured a modest overall decline for the rich. But the convergence happened thanks to huge improvements in countries such as Indonesia ( + 35) and Pakistan ( + 22). In 12 of the 24 emerging markets, half or more people rate their life satisfaction in the top tiers of the ladder. This is not to say the link between income and satisfaction has been snapped. Poor countries still lag behind: only a quarter of the people there are in the happy tiers—half the level of the other two groups. There is also a clear link between happiness and income growth (as opposed to income levels). China's GDP rose at an annual average rate of 10% in 2007 -2014 and its happiness level rose 26 points. Within countries, richer people express more satisfaction than their poorer neighbours. The study divided respondents into categories with higher and lower incomes and fewer and more household goods. In every country in every group, richer folks with more goods expressed higher levels of happiness. So at a personal (as opposed to national) level, money does buy happiness. And if you ask people about different aspects of their lives—health, family life, religion, standard of living—it turns out that satisfaction with living standards still has the biggest influence on happiness. But the secret of happiness has been scattered around. Women tend to be happier than men. Married people are happier than unmarried ones. Latin Americans are more satisfied than people in other emerging markets. Asians are the most optimistic; Middle Easterners the least. Income still matters. But it has been dethroned.

Improving Your Motivation for Learning EnglishI. The importance of the techniques for improving motivationA. Necessity for leaning EnglishB. Necessity for boosting motivation in 【T1】______【T1】______II. Motivation for learning EnglishA. Talking to 【T2】______freely 【T2】______B. Admired by other peopleC. Writing email to people all over the worldIII. Ways to improve the motivation for learning EnglishA. Remember your English is already good but 【T3】______【T3】______— still a lot of things you don't know— still having problems: 【T4】______in pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, etc.【T4】______B. Use English as much as possible— English is 【T5】______【T5】______a) finding information from English-language websitesb) 【T6】______【T6】______c) 【T7】______【T7】______d) reading interesting English books, etc.— English will be improved when 【T8】______are adopted 【T8】______C. Talking to people about English— people talk about things they are interested in— people gradually 【T9】______in a boring subject 【T9】______a) telling others your 【T10】______when studying a boring subject 【T10】______b) telling them about the things you have learnedD. Spending money on learning English— the desire to use and improve English 【T11】______because of 【T11】______the money you spent—【T12】______is given to learn English 【T12】______E. Learning English requires【T13】______【T13】______—【T14】______is more powerful than reading a lot 【T14】______— you will enjoy 【T15】______only if you change something about your life 【T15】______

Today's college students are more narcissistic and self-centered than their predecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society. " We need to stop endless repeating ' You're special ' and【S1】______having children repeat that back," said the study's lead author, Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University. " Kids areself-centered enough already." "Fortunately, narcissism can also【S2】______have very negative consequences for society including the breakdownof close relationships to others," he said. The study asserts that【S3】______narcissists "are more like to have romantic relationships that are【S4】______short-lived, at a risk for infidelity, lack of emotional warmth, and to【S5】______exhibit game-playing, dishonesty, and over-controlling and violent behaviors. " Campbell, the author of Generation Me: Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled—and More Miserable Than Ever Before, said narcissists tend to lack empathy,react aggressively with criticism and favor self-promotion over【S6】______helping others. Some analysts have commended today's young people forincreased commitment to volunteer work. And Twenge viewed even【S7】______this phenomenon skeptically, noting that many high schools requirecommunity service and many youths feel pressure to list some【S8】______endeavors on college applications. Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronouncedwhich he was unsure whether there were obvious remedies.【S9】______"Permissiveness seems to be a component," he said. "A potentialantidote would be authoritative parenting. Less indulgence might be【S10】______called for. " Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.

The relationship between personal liberty and social obligation has been an old topic since ancient times. In the following excerpt, the author lists the traits of both sides. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should; 1. summarize briefly the traits of both sides; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Excerpt A stout old lady was walking down the middle of a street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small peril to herself. It was pointed out to her that the pavement was the place for pedestrians, but she replied: "I'm going to walk where I like. We've got liberty now. " It did not occur to the dear old lady that if liberty entitled the pedestrian to walk down the middle of the road, then the end of such liberty would be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting in everybody else's way and nobody would get anywhere. Individual liberty would have become social anarchy. There is a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk in these days like the old lady, and it is just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means. It means that in order that the liberties of all may be preserved, the liberties of everybody must be curtailed. When the policeman, say, at Piccadilly Circus steps into the middle of the road and puts out his hand, he is the symbol not of tyranny, but of liberty. You may not think so. You may, being in a hurry, and seeing your car pulled up by this insolence of officer, feel that your liberty has been outraged. How dare this fellow interfere with your free use of the public highway? Then, if you are a reasonable person, you will reflect that if he did not interfere with you, he would interfere with no one, and the result would be that Piccadilly Circus would be a maelstrom that you would never cross at all. You have submitted to a curtailment of private liberty in order that you may enjoy a social order which makes your liberty a reality. Liberty is not a personal affair only, but a social contract. It is an accommodation of interests. In matters which do not touch anybody else's liberty, of course, I may be as free as I like. If I choose to go down the road in a dressing-gown, who shall say me nay? You have liberty to laugh at me, but I have liberty to be indifferent to you. And if I have a fancy for dyeing my hair, or wearing an overcoat and sandals, I shall follow my fancy and ask no man's permission. In all these you and I please ourselves and ask no one's leave. We have a whole kingdom in which we rule alone, can do what we choose, be wise or ridiculous, harsh or easy, conventional or odd. But directly we step out of that kingdom, our personal liberty of action becomes qualified by other people's liberty. I might like to practice the trombone from midnight till three in the morning. If I went on to the top of Everest to do it, I could please myself, but if I do it in my bedroom my family will object, and if I do it out in the streets, the neighbors will remind me that my liberty to blow the trombone must not interfere with their liberty to sleep in quiet. There are a lot of people in the world, and I have to accommodate my liberty to theirs'. We are all liable to forget this, and unfortunately we are much more conscious of the imperfections of others in this respect than of our own. A reasonable consideration for the rights or feelings of others is the foundation of social conduct.

General Ideas about Rhetoric I. The definition & understanding of rhetoricA. Dictionary definition: the art of using words【T1】______【T1】______in speaking or writingB. The definition in this lecture:— the art of harnessing【T2】______, etc., through language【T2】______— the persuasion and convincing of an audiencea)to actb)to【T3】______【T3】______c)to identify with given valuesC. Rhetoric in political events: to manipulate II. Rhetoric in historyA. In Ancient【T4】______【T4】______— a use of words— a【T5】______ of words【T5】______B. Aristotle's discussion on rhetoric as a means of【T6】______【T6】______— an appeal to【T7】______【T7】______— an appeal to the character of the speakerC. In the Middle Ages: being one of the main subjects of the【T8】______【T8】______D. In the Renaissance: the application ofrhetorical principles to【T9】______【T9】______III. Later development of rhetoricA Negative【T10】______ were taken on【T10】______— a focus on the words themselves— ignore intonations or large, bold typeB. In an English class, one is encouraged to【T11】______【T11】______— how the words were【T12】______【T12】______— how the way they were laid out on thepage might【T13】______the meaning of the text【T13】______C. New definition of rhetoric today— the proficiency in the use of language— the knowledge of how to use graphic and other elementsto【T14】______the verbal meaning of a message【T14】______D. Rhetoric of【T15】______【T15】______— the coordination of words with other nonverbal elements— purpose: the effective use of language

During the Colonial days, the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins, beans, and tobacco.

{{B}}SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.{{/B}}

Recent years have seen an increasing number of children becoming the victims of abuse. Fortunately, education on sex safety is now on the agenda in primary schools. However, the path to universal sex education is never smooth. The following article presents the current situation of sex education in China. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the main content; 2. give your comment. China is making strides on sex education in schools, according to a noted sexologist in the country. "The Chinese government's general attitude toward sexuality and sex education has been more and more open," said Li Yinhe, a leading sexologist in China and a fellow with the Institute of Sociology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. "When I was in Peking University back in 1988, I intended to open a course on the sociology of sex, but the university did not approve it." Li said. "But Renmin University later opened a similar course, lectured by Pan Suiming." Pan, a well-known sexologist in China, is the founder and director of the Institute of Sexuality and Gender at Renmin University. He has run a series of courses on the sociology of sex since the 1980s, which are well received by college students. He said at the Institute of Sexuality and Gender that "sex education should be a part of the compulsory education". The panelists made some comparisons between sex education in the US and China "Students cannot start to receive sex education after entering their adolescence, because all the compulsory education is 'advanced'," Pan said. "Also, sex education should be absolutely 'compulsory', not only for students, but also for parents and government." "Elementary sex education on students in the US begins from primary or secondary schools," Wang Zheng, associate professor of Women and Gender Studies at the University of Michigan, told China Daily when asked about the differences in sex education between China and the US. In the US, primary schools teach students the reproductive process, gender differences, personal hygiene and sexual morality. Among secondary schools, students will learn more about sexual maturity as well as how to protect themselves from sexual harassment. "China should learn from the experiences from the US, and popularize sex education among primary and secondary schools," Wang said. Secondary schools have attached increasing importance to sex education. "Recently, the Ministry of Education of China released an official document, requiring experimental courses on sexuality among secondary schools," Li told China Daily. Wang said that there are obstacles China has to overcome in order to implement universal sex education, because sex education does not receive adequate attention and resources. However, Wang also shared with Li the same vision of future sex education in China, saying that "China has already begun to push forward the implementation of sex education." Starting in 2008, Zhang Meimei, director of the Sex Education Center at Beijing's Capital Normal University, worked with the Municipal Commission of Education to conduct Beijing-based research on the syllabuses of sex education for primary and secondary schools. More than 50 primary schools in Beijing have opened experimental sex education courses, according to China Youth Daily. "Compared to the old generations in China, teenagers in the 21st century have more access to sexual knowledge," Li said. "The awareness of gender and sexuality has heightened to some extent, but not enough."

我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机。今天没有手机的人是奇怪的，这种人才需要解释。我们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里，可以随时调出使用。古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝。 手机刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。 为什么对于手机来电和短信这么在乎?因为我们迫切渴望与社会保持联系。

PASSAGE ONE

With the effects of globalization, increases in technology and the pace of life invade more and more areas of everyday life, andfree-time has become an increasing precious and important resource.【S1】______For those pursuing leisure lifestyles deriving from consuming the【S2】______"riches" of the leisure market and for those who are experiencing a shortage of free time—a " time squeeze" leisure may offer many benefits but also some costs. For the growing number of peoplelooking forward to abundance free time in retirement and for the【S3】______increasing number of young people who are experiencing reduced activity levels, and problems of overweight and reduced fitness,leisure has never been vital for ensuring individual and social health【S4】______and well-being. At the macro level, the social, cultural, environmental healthand economic significance of leisure and events have been increased【S5】______in New Zealand and around the world. Leisure and events and areasthat address these phenomenon, including play, recreation, the【S6】______arts, sport, festivals, celebrations, health and fitness, outdoor recreation, parks, entertainment and tourism, are important aspectsof modern life and providing for these are an increasingly significant【S7】______feature in modern economies. They can play a vital part inenhancing social capital and quality of lives.【S8】______ This research theme has been established to farther knowledge【S9】______and understanding of the ways of leisure and events, and their associated forms, contributing to individual and social health and well-being, quality of life and social, cultural, environmental and economic development. Better knowledge of these broad phenomena will inform policies to maximize the benefits and minimize the costs associated to the production and consumption of leisure and events.【S10】______

Good Writing Educators in English-speaking countries have developed a set of basic characteristics of good English writing—unity,【T1】______, emphasis,【T1】______development and clarity. Here, a different set of concepts are introduced: I . Good writing is【T2】______.【T2】______—It should be【T3】______, having something insightful to say about the【T3】______topic. —It is not simply【T4】______【T4】______—It may1)enlighten you or【T5】______the subject:【T5】______2)make you feel something similar:3)make you feel exactly【T6】______【T6】______II. Good writing involves thoughtful【T7】______.【T7】______—It is the result of 99% of hard work and 1% of【T8】______.【T8】______III. Good writing is directed toward an【T9】______.【T9】______—The audience determines1)diction and sentence structure2)the sentence【T10】______【T10】______3)the overall【T11】______【T11】______4)details that would be includedIV. Good writing achieves a dear【T12】______.【T12】______V. Good writing expresses【T13】______clearly.【T13】______—It reflects good thinking, which should be put into precise,【T14】______【T14】______and lucid articles. —For non-native speakers of English, clear expression involves being【T15】______.【T15】______

他落榜了!一千二百年前。榜纸那么大那么长，然而，就是没有他的名字。啊!竟单单容不下他的名字“张继”两个字。 …… 如果说白天有什么该做的事，对一个读书人而言，就是读书吧!夜晚呢?夜晚该睡觉以便养足精神第二天再读。然而，今夜是一个忧伤的夜晚。 今夜，在异乡，在江畔，在秋冷雁高的季节，允许一个落魄士子放肆的忧伤。江水，可以无限度地收纳古往今来一切不顺遂之人的泪水。 这样的夜晚，残酷地坐着，亲自听自己的心正被什么东西啮噬而一分一分消失的声音，而且眼睁睁地看着自己的生命如劲风中的残灯，所有的力气都花在抗拒上了，油快尽了，微火每一刹那都可能熄灭。 然而，可恨的是，终其一生，它都不曾华美灿烂过啊!

Almanacs in simple form have been known from the invention of writing.

It is a success in so far as more women retain their youthful appearance to a greater age than in the past. "Old ladies" are already becoming rare. In a few years, we may well believe, theywill be extinctive. Ugliness is one of the symptoms of disease. In【M1】______so far as the campaign for more beauty is also a campaign for morehealth, it is admirable but genuinely successful. Beauty that is【M2】______merely the artificial shadow of these symptoms of health isintrinsically poorer quality than the genuine article. The apparatus【M3】______for mimicking the symptoms of health is now within the reach ofevery moderately prosperity person; the knowledge of the way in【M4】______which real health can be achieved is growing, and will in time, nodoubt, universally acted upon. When that happy moment comes,【M5】______will every woman be beautiful—as beautiful, at any rate, as thenatural shape of his features, with or without surgical and chemical【M6】______aid permits? The answer is obvious: No. For real beauty is as much anaffair of the inner as the outer self. The beauty of a porcelain jar is【M7】______the matter of shape, of colour, of surface texture. The jar may be【M8】______empty or tenanted by spiders, full of honey or stinking slime—itmakes no difference as to its beauty or ugliness. But a woman is【M9】______lively, and her beauty is therefore not skin deep. The surface of the【M10】______human vessel is affected by the nature of its spiritual contents.

Beijing is contemplating charging congestion fees for cars that enter the city center during peak hours in a bid to ease the traffic condition and improve the air quality in the capital. Heated discussions on the effectiveness of congestion fees are aroused among people. The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should; 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. BadBreath (the US): Drastic measures must be taken or imposed in order to deal with the horrendous pollution problems throughout China. They can place enormous tariffs on cars to minimize traffic volume and pollution. Then, continue expanding the subway to the best of their ability. Brendan (the UK) : The congestion charge was introduced in London in 2003 in a bid to reduce inner-city traffic volume and prevent pollution. The congestion charge of about ￡11.5 is required to enter the zone. In the 12 years since the congestion fees have been levied, traffic volume and pollution have fallen sharply. The policy can be named as one of the most successful policies. Matt ( China) : I support the move! I have to endure road congestion every day to and from work; I don't know whether this congestion charge will be an effective solution to this problem or not, but I sure hope so! The ways of managing cars that are currently in force are unreasonable since they cost a lot in fees even for people who don't drive cars. It would be better to change to a situation where those who drive cars bear high costs, while those who do not drive cars pay no money at all. Britomart (China) : There's another very significant factor, which our city's officials seem to be ignoring. Congestion fees are no barrier to the very wealthy, to whom fees and regulations are negligible. If anything, higher rates simply serve to show off that they are the elite, to whom money is irrelevant. Strangerl23 (the US) : Such fees are just more income for the government. People who need to drive will pay the fee. No such fee can ever stop or deter anyone from driving. You know why? Driving is not a luxury as you imagine. To many people, driving is a necessity. Why don't you ban cars? This would work greatly. Aran (Singapore) : The congestion charge is almost proven not to work all by itself. It has to come backed up with extensive public transport systems. Singapore has a decent public transport system and that is why the congestion charge works. Singapore has a metro stop almost every two blocks (in the central districts) and buses every 5 minutes to feed them. The inherent solution itself comes with the way the city is designed so that people travel less. China could solve part of the problems with ramping up the density of residential areas around their work places. PatricklnBeijing (Germany) : Congestion fees might make more sense if they are coupled with other programs. Several people have noted to improve mass transit. How about lower fees for cars with multiple passengers and higher fees for cars with only one person? Multiple passenger cars could also be given priority at toll booths. Electric cars could get reduced fees, while large cars that produce more pollution would pay more. There are a number of ideas which could help. Keep in mind that it is not just about congestion, but about pollution and that not all cars pollute equally. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

Lao Tzu, the great ancient Chinese thinker, once observed in his well-known work, the Tao Te Ching, "He who knows others is intelligent. He who knows himself is wise. " Is it more important to know others or to know oneself? The following are opinions from two sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Interviewers Bob Calderoni, Executive Chairman of Citrix: It is impossible to decide whether or not you like something until you have tried it. If you decide that you'd like to play the violin, you need to take more than one lesson before you can know whether you have any interest or ability. It's not enough to want to be a great violinist. You also have to like the hard and long training before you become one. If you would enjoy being a great violinist but hate the work, forget it. Mike Bond, Chief Financial Officer of Pulse Electronics: Although most students would be unhappy if they found that they had failed an advanced math course, they have actually learned a great deal about themselves. They know that they should not become engineers or physical scientists, and that they should not be good at accounting work. So failing can help a student to lead a much happier life if he or she draws the right conclusion from the failing. They may then decide on their aim and choose the kind of work they would like to do. Elizabeth R. Thornton, HR Executive of Verizon Communications: If you think you're truly objective, you're wrong. The reality is we all have bias. If they're not managed, we then may pay in lost opportunities, money, relationships, and other ways. People are naturally biased. We perceive something, and in an instant, we project our mental models, our past experiences, our backgrounds, onto whatever that is—a person, situation, or event. Oftentimes, we get it wrong. Once you realize that you're inherently not objective, you can get some distance and focus on the situation. It takes self-awareness.Interviewees Lynn Calpeter: I have to do my homework before the interview. I'd check with my university to see if there are any graduates working at the company I'm applying for, ask my friends to grill me in a mock interview, go to the library to find newspaper clippings on the company, and maybe call their suppliers or customers. Anyway, it takes no longer to prepare well for one interview than to wander in half-prepared for five. Susan R. Meisinger: Knowing others offers great help to business of course, but it isn't easy. Learning about a wide range of people makes so much of a difference that it is definitely worth it. For example, think of the salesperson who engages you in a conversation about your life rather than acting like they couldn't care less whether you were there or not and only going on about the product. A successful sale is often brought about simply because the salesperson acknowledges that they're in a relationship with the customer as a human being, not as a consumer. Richard A. Laxer: You have to watch your staff and get to know them as individuals. Differences must be taken into account—no two people are alike or have the same interests. As a boss, you have to understand their motives. That allows you to enhance, adjust, and align their motives with your goals. It's your job to figure out which employees best fit for certain jobs, and which for others. So the employees do all they can in their jobs and the talent of every individual can be turned to good account. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.