Road rage, office rage, and even relationship rage are familiar to us. But now idleness rage has emerged. Frequently I hear peoplewho complain about the idleness of young people. Often their【M1】______complaints reach a feverish pitch. What's behind this rage? Somepeople fear we're spawning a lazy generation. But there is more【M2】______likely that our fast-pace culture blinds us to the need to slow down.【M3】______ Recent studies have revealed that North Americans takesignificant less vacation time than people in European countries.【M4】______The same studies indicate that people have a hard time leavingwork when they go away. It seems there's always another e-mail to【M5】______check in or a telephone call to make. This has consequences for【M6】______family life. And it points to a deep fear: We'll be punished if we stop working. The art of doing nothing could seem peculiar tosome. But in our wired world it's easy to slow down. Sometimes it【M7】______takes mental discipline to be idle. Multitasking and instantcommunication have given us many benefits. And they also【M8】______produce frazzled nerves, sleep problems, strained relationships,irritability, and drug independencies. That's why it's important for【M9】______people to rejuvenate themselves by slowing down. If we value healthy living, creativity, and peace of mind, weshould recognize the need to be idle. By doing such, we may【M10】______discover the benefits of simply watching a sunset.

Passage Four

中华民族的传统文化博大精深、源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派，这就是有名的“诸子百家”。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华名族传统文化有它的许多珍贵品质，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如，强调仁爱，强调群体，强调和而不同，强调天下为公。

Debates over how to treat criminals have gone on since the judicial system founded. Across the world, imprisonment is the most common means to use in most countries, but the challenges to the effectiveness of prison as punishment never ceases. The follow news report provides a possible alternative to imprisonment. Read it carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the news report; 2. give your comment. Community Service: A Productive Way to Punish Homeless at the age of 46, Martin "boosts" goods from New York City department stores, resells them for money to purchase a week or two at a cheap hotel, then steals again when the money runs out. This way of life often lands him in court, where he faces the standard sentences of sixty or ninety days in jail. Some judges, however, consider that a waste: Cells cost money, and Martin isn't that dangerous. They would rather use the leverage his conviction has given them to get some honest work out of him, and the city's Community Service Sentencing Project gives them a reliable way to do so. That suits Martin just fine. "Jail is overcrowded," he complains. And you have a lot of gangs going on in jail now... People get stabbed up, killed. But many other New Yorkers also see the benefit of his alternative sentencing: He has cleared lots for communal gardens, cleaned up a YMCA, painted low-income housing units, and performed other sundry tasks for neighborhood groups around the city. As he and hundreds of other petty criminals do such jobs under supervision of the courts, they demonstrate both the possibilities for saving on jail costs and constructive use of work as a sanction. Judges typically impose the sentences according to formula—for example, six hours of work equal one day of jail. The offenders are interviewed to determine their skills and availability, then matched with jobs at government or nonprofit agencies. The probation department handles enforcement and eventual referral of failed cases hack to the court for resentencing. It is hard to determine how much community service serves as a substitute for jail or prison. The argument for the sanction looks compelling: Sentencing a person to community service spares the huge expense of incarceration. There is some reason to believe that use of the sanction as a genuine alternative increased in subsequent years. As courts continued to feel the pressures of jail crowding, the advantages of community service appeared more obvious than ever, and judges sought ways to make the most of it. As the federal government brought pressure for tougher laws against drunk driving, for example, community service became the sentence of choice, especially for offenders with stable jobs and families. Sandy Seely, former head of the National Community Sentencing Association, says that today, even drunk drivers found guilty of vehicular homicide may wind up working off their debt to society at a community service site rather then doing time behind bars. "It's a sentence that the victim's family usually agrees to, she says. In addition, states that impose escalating sanctions—intensive probation supervision, electronic monitoring, day treatment, restitution—that substitute for jail may include community service as part of a sentence package. And a few jurisdictions have set up programs that substitute community service for jail but call it something else.

To a university student who is doomed to enter into society to realize himself, which is more important—education or social life? Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should; 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Excerpt Alex (Britain): Education is more important. With education, you can make money. Having to cope with loneliness (no social life) can be resolved when you look back on how much more knowledge you have acquired than others, and how much more money the knowledge has brought you than others. Tom (the US): Education doesn't mean learning without social life. To put it simply, the university is not just a place for gaining knowledge but a community for the students to grow and mature. Olive (Poland): Education is the foundation of life. Education is far more significant than social life. This is because education prepare students for success and helps them go further in life as well. With a vast variety of career paths, education allows people to select their fields of interest and specialize in an occupation related to that career path. As a result, education not only allows people to make a living but also enables them to do what they want and love in their daily life. Twist (Canada): Yes, you can have your fun with a great social life; yes, you can not have a bachelor's degree and still do well in life. But statistically, people with a degree get higher paying jobs, which leads to a more diverse and comfortable life. If you are confident of success without a degree, don't get one! Go and start doing what you want to do. Most people misunderstand the term "education"; education can take place not only at school, but at your work and at home; it's intimately linked to your life. Steve (China): Technically, education is a part of your social life. Anyway by having a social life you will have connections. You can be the smartest person in the world while with no connections you are nothing. If you meet a CEO of a big company, are you going to say, "I have a Ph. D. Hire me. " or socialize with him? Ann (Austria): Life is about living, not getting a grade A. At the end of your life, when you look back on everything, you are not going to smile and feel glad that you have learned more instead of celebrating your best friends' birthday. Even if you get a doctorate, it doesn't guarantee that you will get success and money, and having a social life guarantees a psychological fulfillment that grades can never supply.

Nowadays, many people turn to the Internet to solve a multitude of medical quandaries, extending even to the matters of how to find a doctor and access medical treatment. Concerning patients being defrauded of money and sometimes having their condition worsen owing to incorrect diagnoses, the government announced that medical diagnosis and treatment will be forbidden online. The hard stance has proved controversial. The following are opinions from both sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides; 2. give your comment.Medical Service Providers Wu Jie: Contrary to popular belief, this field is nothing new. Since the late 1990s, some Western countries have operated online medical treatment systems on a trial basis. The practice was once also banned in Britain, but finally the government had to recognize medical treatment websites facing the rising tide of the Internet. Nowadays, online treatment is helping more and more patients in Western countries. Of course, online medical treatment also has shortcomings. Sometimes patients need to have a thorough physical examination, which is near impossible to carry out online. However, if the medical treatment system is not well managed, problems may occur even when patients attend brick-and-mortar hospitals. Online hospitals are still relatively new in China and thus many areas are in need of improvement. However, this does not justify a wholesale ban on online medical treatment. It should be the market that tests whether this "new product" is valid or not, rather than it being at the sole discretion. Li Keji: While the traditional medical system is probably overly elaborate and regulated, the Internet is an unknown quantity, carrying risks. Caution is a prerequisite in the process of employing the Internet in medical treatment. The government means to steer online medical treatment toward accountability and transparency as well as enable it to progress stably. A well-developed online medical treatment system will be a great help to the ongoing medical reform. People's health is directly correlated with the quality of healthcare they receive, so prudence is a necessity. The government's cautious attitude toward Internet medical treatment is understandable and also in the interest of public health.Patients Wang Junrong: Surprisingly, in this day and age, the government is preventing the public from accessing medical treatment online. Surely the government should standardize and regulate online medical treatment, instead of banning it outright. Besides, it is not something you can easily ban. According to iiMedia Research, now, the mobile health industry in China had an estimated worth of $300 million. According to its predictions, this figure will reach $2 billion over the next two years. Banning such a lucrative growth area will prove no easy feat. Also, isn't it necessary to first ask the patients whether it's OK to stop online medical treatment? Mao Jianguo: It's natural to see deficiencies in newly born technologies. While there might exist various problems and worries in terms of online medical treatment, is it possible to eradicate all the problems by simply banning it? The government allows online consultation on health, but no medical treatment is allowed. How can you clearly discern medical consultation from medical treatment? What if the treatment is carried out under the guise of consultation? A ban is certainly not the only way to solve the problems plaguing the sector. Concerns about online hospitals tend to center on the capability of doctors. Thus, if tougher regulations are put in place to punish online doctors who wrongly diagnose patients as is the case in the traditional profession, online hospitals will become much more reliable. Under these circumstances, a ban would not really be necessary.

{{B}}SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.{{/B}}

Intercultural Communication Problems and SolutionsI. Intercultural Communication ProblemsA. Stereotyping— Definition: a selection process to【T1】_____ perceptions of others【T1】______— Examples:a)"Women are emotional."b)"【T2】_____" etc.【T2】______B. Prejudices— Definition:【T3】_____ toward others based on wrong stereotypes【T3】______— Examples:We feel disapproving of certain peopleC. Discrimination— Definition: related to【T4】_____ aspect【T4】______— Example: Discrimination against women in women attorneysII. Intercultural Communication SolutionsA.【T5】_____【T5】______— This will help us find【T6】_____ solutions to problems【T6】______— Example of a student in a German universitya)She complained that the German students【T7】_____【T7】______b)I asked her to play the scenec)It turned out that German students had not seen herd)Her perception was only her【T8】_____【T8】______B. Looking for Evidence— Evidences derived from the wounds or fears in【T9】_____【T9】______— Example of the studenta)She felt【T10】______because her sister was prettier【T10】______b)She usually【T11】_____ the shoes of a 5-year-old girl【T11】______C. Observing the Reaction— Tendency to【T12】_____ others【T12】______— Vicious circle of feeling rejected and rejecting othersD. Perception of Others— Put ourselves into others' shoesE.【T13】_____【T13】______— Control our perceptiona)Be aware of our【T14】_____【T14】______b)Gathering or using【T15】_____ information【T15】______

{{B}}PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION{{/B}}

除了读书之外，同知心的朋友通信，有时也教我感到一点兴奋。因为写信时可以上天下地的无所不谈，谈的话虽然都不关重要，而且大都是杂乱无章，然而不必像对社会说话时要打起什么腔调。也不必像做学术论文时必须严密地构思。有什么话便说什么，想到那里，笔便写到那里，正是个性自然的流露，最真挚心声的倾泻，不但自己得着一种解放的快乐，也教读者同样得着一种解放的快乐。

The United States is considered a multilingual country but it has never employed an official language policy. Even though English is clearly the dominant language, a variety of indigenous and immigrant languages are also spoken. The framers of the Constitution purposefully decided not to select an official languagebecause of present linguistic diversity; however, due to the German【S1】______community's active involvement in the Revolution, the Continental Congress published many documents in German to facilitatecommunication. Ultimately, the official language was never【S2】______specified in the U. S. Constitution. Proponents of bilingual education felt that poor academicachievement in certain students was attributed in part to insufficient【S3】______English instruction. They believed that because language-minority【S4】______students were taught some subjects in their native tongue, thenthese students could potentially learn English by sacrificing the【S5】______content. Critics of bilingual education argue that this approach of instruction facilitates native language dependency and ultimately deters their progress in English language acquisition. Bilingual advocates counter this argument in stating that bilingual instruction looks at deeper issues of cultural difference and prevents the sort of alienation often empowering in "English only" mandates.【S6】______ The issue of bilingual education is both complicated and controversial. The range of programs, as well as the differentmeanings in different states, complicate the debate. The debate【S7】______continues and all sides offer research and studies that are【S8】______diametrically opposed to one another. In 1998, California voters overwhelmingly approved Proposition 227, an initiative thatbasically in attempts to eliminate bilingual education from its public【S9】______schools'. The state of Arizona has mustered a different sentiment and【S10】______Mayor Giuliani of New York City has established a task force to investigate bilingual programs and the possibility of English immersion programs.

Passage Four

它不像汉白玉那样的细腻，可以刻字雕花，也不像大青石那样的的光滑，可以浣纱捶布。它静静地卧在那里，院里的树荫没有庇覆它，花儿也不再在它身边生长。荒草便繁衍出来，枝蔓上下，慢慢地，竟锈上了绿苔、黑斑。我们这些做孩子的，也讨厌起它来，曾合伙要搬走它，但力气又不足；虽时时咒骂它，嫌弃它，也无可奈何，只好任它留在那里去了。

Chinese are no longer strangers to Western Festivals. Many Chinese people now celebrate the Valentine's Day, Christmas, Halloween and even Thanksgiving Day. Some people think it is absurd for Chinese to observe these Western Festivals. The following are excerpts about this issue. Read them carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly both excerpts, and then 2. give your comment on whether we should discourage Chinese to celebrate Western Festivals.Excerpt 1 Citizens, schools and even whole towns in China are attempting to curb Christmas celebrations amid a backlash against what is seen as the increasing influence of Western culture. Schools in the city of Wenzhou in China's Zhejiang province have been forbidden from holding any Christmas-related events, after authorities issued an official ban. An education official in the city, which is home to one million Chinese Christians, told the paper "We are not suppressing western festivals, but we hope schools can be more balanced on this. Students can learn about western festivals but they should not be over-enthusiastic about it."In addition, Modern College of Northwest University, located in Xi'an, has banned Christmas celebrations, according to reports, choosing instead to have students attend screenings of what were described as propaganda films about Confucius on Christmas Eve. In another protest, college students in Hunan took to the streets to protest against Christmas celebrations. Xinhua news agency noted that celebrating Christmas has become trendy among young Chinese, who see the festival as a time to shop, party and dine with friends, but that proponents of traditional Chinese culture have warned against cultural invasion. Ironically, despite the authorities' hostility to Christmas in China, the country manufactures 60 percent of the world's Christmas decorations, according to The Guardian.Excerpt 2 Many Westerners may be surprised at the way Chinese people have made Christmas a festival of their own. Today's youths are under great pressure—either from work or studies—and don't get enough time to spend with their families or friends. And western festivals like Christmas provide them a good opportunity to make up for that loss. The popularity of western holidays in China shows that an increasing number of Chinese people are pursuing individuality and are ready to spend money to buy more quality leisure time. The increasing popularity of western festivals, however, has drawn the anger of nationalists. A few years ago, 10 scholars from prestigious Chinese universities wrote an open letter asking Chinese people to boycott Christmas celebrations and resist the invasion of foreign soft power. In a recent online survey on what netizens think of Chinese-style Christmas, 39.2 percent of the respondents said they merely use Christmas as an opportunity to celebrate an occasion. But there is no denying that many of the Chinese people, especially the youth, who celebrate western festivals don't know why they are celebrated or observed. In contrast, most Chinese know full well the origins and importance of Chinese festivals. This is the power and unconscious influence of traditional culture and that cannot be erased by the influence of western festivals. The seeming "invasion" of foreign culture, to a certain extent, poses a threat to traditional Chinese culture. But Chinese culture, rooted as it is in thousands of years of history, can ward off the evil influence of foreign cultures and absorb the merits of exotic cultures to become even richer.

Will Chinese Replace English?Chinese language has many advantages over European languages and the speaker thinks Chinese is possible to replace English as the global language.I. Chinese is【T1】______【T1】______Examples:a)A Chinese high-school student can read what's written 2,000 years agob)A PhD. of native England can hardly read what's written【T2】_____ ago【T2】______Reasons:a)Chinese language: characters are true to their【T3】_____【T3】______b)European language: words are true to their pronunciationsc)Pronunciations change over time but writings remain almost the sameII. Chinese is more compatible— Different kinds of Chinese, after years of changing, are still compatible Example: In speaking, Mandarin and Cantonese are different,but they share the same【T4】_____【T4】______— Different kinds of English are incompatible with each otherExample: Americans are hard to understand【T5】_____, etc.【T5】______— False pride of English people about "global language"III. Written Chinese is more informative— Chinese characters carry【T6】_____than any other language【T6】______— The entropy of languages:a)Chinese(9.65 bite)→【T7】_____(4.35 bits)→English(4.03 bits)【T7】______→Spanish(4.01 bits)→French(3.98 bits)b)Chinese uses only【T8】_____pieces of paper to cover the content of【T8】______a 100-page English novelIV. Chinese runs faster— English students take【T9】_____longer to read and to memorize time table【T9】______— Reading Chinese is faster, because it is suitable for【T10】_____【T10】______— Reading Chinese is【T11】_____ faster than reading English【T11】______V. Chinese is more【T12】_____in face of information explosion【T12】______—【T13】_____ will be a challenge【T13】______— New words in Chinese are not a problem becausea)A Chinese new word contains two or three characterswhich imply its【T14】_____【T14】______b)A Chinese person【T15】_____ in understanding the words【T15】______he/she has never seen

PASSAGE TWO

要一个人独自进食，即使不算重罚，在中国文化中通常也被视为不幸，一种不无悲凉的境地。汉语对吃独食的描述，大都乏善可陈，一句“胡乱吃了些”搪塞过去。中国人的社会中，人必须借饮食与他人沟通，与社会上的人形成生命共同体之感受。 如今，大家庭在解体，晚婚、单身及独居人士逐年增加。即使是全面重建中的民间社会，也不再是原有的形态。最起码，成为一家网站的会员就不需要请网管吃饭。聚众吃饭的机会少了，独自进食仍然是大部分社会成员心理上挥之不去的阴影。到处都在讨论“现代化(或全球化)的困境”，不知道独自进食算不算困境的一种。

{{B}}SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.{{/B}}