In the house where I grew up, it was our custom to leave the "on the latch" at night. No one carried keys. Today doors do not stay unlocked, thus for part of an evening.【S1】______The era of leaving the front door open has gone forever. It has beenreplaced of by locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and【S2】______trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families even have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly building in so no one can pry the doors open.【S3】______ A recent public-service advertisement by an insurance companyfeatured not actuarial charts or a picture of a child's bicycle with【S4】______padlock attached to it. It is the insurance companies which pay for stolen goods, but【S5】______who is going to pay for that the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is【S6】______doing to our way of life? Who is going to make the psychological【S7】______payment for the transformation of America from the Land of Free to the Land of the Lock? For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are well-protected ; it does not occur us to ask ourselves: Why are we having【S8】______to barricade ourselves for our neighbors and fellow citizens, and【S9】______when, exactly, did this start to take over our lives? Even a decade ago, most private businesses had a policy offree access. Thus, today you have to carry some kind of access card【S10】______to your company. Maybe the security guard at the front desk knows your face and will wave you in most days, but the fact remains that the business your work for feels threatened enough to keep outsiders away via these "keys".

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朋友居五伦之末，其实朋友是极重要的一伦。所谓友谊实即人与人之间的一种良好的关系，其中包括了解、欣赏、信任、容忍、牺牲……诸多美德。如果以友谊作基础，则其他的各种关系如父子夫妇兄弟之类均可圆满地建立起来。当然父子兄弟是无可选择的永久关系，夫妇虽有选择余地，但一经结合便以不再仳离为原则，而朋友则是有聚有散可合可分的。不过，说穿了，父子夫妇兄弟都是朋友关系，不过形式性质稍有不同罢了。 严格地讲，凡是充分具备一个好朋友的人，他一定也是一个好父亲、好儿子、好丈夫、好妻子、好哥哥、好弟弟。反过来亦然。

Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill—one needs careless training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself.

During the first two months of a baby's life, the stimulus that produce a smile is a pair of eyes, which need not be real—a mask with two dots will produce a smile.

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More than 2,000 years ago, the philosopher Socrateswandered around Athens asking questions, an approach to find【M1】______truth that thinkers venerated ever since. In modern times, the【M2】______Socratic method was adapted for use in universities and became the dominant form of instruction for students learning philosophyand the law. The most recently national survey on the subject【M3】______found that 97% of law-school professors use the Socratic methodin first-year classes. Socratic dialogues seem to work for the【M4】______ancient Greeks. Are they efficient for people today? Recently, a【M5】______group of researchers decided to find out. In a study published in the December 2011 issue of the journal Mind, Brain, and Education, four cognitive scientists from Argentina describe what happened when they asked contemporaryhigh school and college students a series of questions identified to【M6】______those posed by Socrates. In one of his most famous lessons,Socrates showed a young slave boy with a square, then led him【M7】______through a series of 50 questions intended to teach the boy how to draw the second square with an area twice as large as the first. Students in the 2011 experiment, led by researcher Andrea Goldin,gave answers astonishing similar to those offered by Socrates'【M8】______pupils, even making the same mistakes he made. " Our results【M9】______show that the Socratic dialogue is built on a strong intuition ofhuman knowledge and reasoning which persist more than【M10】______twenty-four centuries after its conception," the researchers write. Their findings, Goldin and his co-authors add, demonstrate the existence of "human cognitive universals traversing time and cultures."

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This portion of the story is punctuated for flash-forwards to a time 40 years in the future, showing the relationship between parents and children to be dramatically changed.

对生命没有寄托的人，青年时代和“儿时”对他格外宝贵。这种罗曼蒂克的回忆其实并不是发现了“儿时”的真正了不得，而是感觉到“中年”以后的衰退。本来，生命只有一次，对于谁都是宝贵的。但是，假使他的生命溶化在大众里面，假使他天天在为这世界干些什么，那么，他总在生长，虽然衰老病死仍旧是避免不了的，然而他的事业——大众的事业是不死的，他会领略到“永久的青年”。

(1)Harry S. Truman High School in the Bronx has eight floors, seven gymnasiums, a football field and a planetarium. But there is one place off limits to its more than 3,000 students: the six-lane swimming pool, which has been dry for more than a decade. Flanked by empty bleachers, coated with dust and dimly lighted by a few fluorescent bulbs, whose dull buzzing noise substitutes for splashing and cheering, the pool evokes an aura of eerie loneliness. (2)Within the New York City public school system, though, the troubled Truman pool represents a trend. Of the 50 swimming pools tucked inside the city's 1,200 school buildings, 10 are in unusable condition. At Martin Luther King Jr. High School in Manhattan, the pool, empty since leaks and filtration problems were discovered in 1986, has been used over the years to store old chairs and desks. The pool at Walton High School in the Bronx has been closed since the 1980's, despite a $54 million schoolwide renovation. Next to Truman's competitive pool is a smaller practice pool, which is also empty, except for grime, spattered paint and a few cigarette butts. (3)For the swimming enthusiasts of the city public school system, the empty school pools are a sad spectacle, hollow symbols of lost opportunities: to combat obesity; to provide summer job training in a city that has had to import lifeguards from Europe in recent years; to entice that subset of students who just may love the water even if they hate everything else about high school. "Swimming kind of puts you in a different frame of mind—there's noise and laughter, people feeling free and weightless," said Sana Q. Nasser, the principal of Truman. "Here we have a pool that needs a teensy bit to get it going, and to see it empty is heart-wrenching." (4)The latest version of Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg's $13.1 billion, five-year educational capital plan, to be announced in the coming weeks, will include $60 million for upgrades to a dozen school pools, including $7 million for Truman, $5 million for Walton and $4 million for King, said Steven W. Lawitts, senior vice president of the School Construction Authority. "These pools are going to be fixed," Mr. Lawitts said. But the school system's capital plans have historically called for projects that never end up happening, among them the planned renovation of one of two pools at the George Washington High School campus, in Washington Heights. Also, the mayor's plan relies on $6.5 billion from the state, which is resisting a court order to give the city schools more money. (5)"I would love it to be the case that kids could swim next year at Truman High School," said Eva S. Moskowitz, chairwoman of the City Council Education Committee, whose father swam on the Stuyvesant High School team. "People should not be fooled that simply because the pool repair is in the capital budget it will happen." (6)Teachers and principals say that when school pools work, they are oases from whatever troubles may pass in the hallways and classrooms. Tension over test scores and safety concerns dissipates in the smell of chlorine, the creak of diving boards, the splash of the butterfly stroke. (7)On the West Side of Manhattan, the purported existence of a pool at Martin Luther King Jr. High School was such a mystery that it inspired an article in The Advocate, a student newspaper on campus. Appearing under the headline "Unlocking MLK's Secrets," the article was accompanied by a photograph showing old furniture and a television set stacked next to the empty pool. At other schools, the situation is reversed. "The seniors would always tell the freshmen they could go find the pool on the fifth floor," said Adam Kerzner, a Bronx Science swimmer who graduated from the school—which has no fifth floor—in 1997. "It was kind of like a hazing thing." Swim teams representing all eight Staten Island high schools vie for practice time at Curtis High School, the borough's only public school with a pool. "It's hectic," said Jim Meraglia, Curtis's athletic director.

It is interesting to reflect for a moment upon the differences in the areas of moral feeling and standards in the peoples of Japan and the United States. The Americans divide these areas somewhatrigidly into the spirit and flesh, the two being in opposition in the【S1】______life of a human being. Ideally, spirit should prevail but all too oftenit is the flesh which does prevail.【S2】______ The Japanese make no this division, at least between one as【S3】______good and the other as evil. They believe that a person has twosouls, each necessary. One is the "gentle" soul; other is the【S4】______"rough" soul. Sometimes the person uses his gentle soul;sometimes he must use his rough soul. He does not favor his gentlesoul, neither he fight his rough soul. Japanese philosophers insist【S5】______human nature in itself be good, and a human being does not need to【S6】______fight any part of himself. He has only to learn how to use each soulproperly at the appropriate times. Virtue for the Japanese consists of【S7】______fulfilling one's obligations to others. Happy endings, either in life orin fiction, are neither necessary nor expected, while the fulfillment【S8】______of duty provides the satisfying end, whatever the tragedy it inflicts.And duty includes a person's obligations to these who have conferred【S9】______benefits upon him and to himself as an individual of honor. Hedevelops through this double sense of duty, a self-discipline whichis at once permissive and rigid, depending upon the area which it is【S10】______functioning.

Some Chinese universities are now opening to the public. However, whether university libraries should be open to the public is still a controversial issue. What's your opinion? Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions about this issue; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.The media The Beijing News: It's great for university libraries to offer free entry to the public. But at the same time, it will make the management work more difficult and the limited book and space resources in university libraries might be further squeezed. Thus, the government may consider offering some subsidies to universities as incentives to encourage more libraries to join the library alliance. However, only depending on universities and the government will not ensure the sustainable development of the free entry policy. Therefore, it's necessary to absorb some social institutions and welfare organizations. For example, it's a good idea to set up a community club that brings together resources of nearby universities and even middle schools. Local residents can use these resources as long as they pay a small sum of money to be members of this club. Community residents should also have the opportunity to serve as volunteers in university libraries. Guangming Daily: When university libraries offer free entry, it does not mean that readers can enter these libraries without any certificates. People must at least show their ID cards to enter university libraries. On campus, even for students and teachers in universities, they still need things like student certificates to enter their university libraries. Without basic requirements, university libraries will fall into kind of mess in many aspects. When the public is provided with free entry to university libraries, one striking problem is that they will surely compete with university students and teachers for the already limited books and space. In this sense, it requires the government to increase inputs in university libraries so that the free entry policy can be well implemented. If libraries find it impossible to satisfy both students' and the public's demands, students should be put first. After all, in China, the purpose of university libraries is to serve students and teachers for their learning, teaching and academic research.The general public Donald: If resources in university libraries are not fully utilized, it will be a big waste. Some people worry that free entry to these libraries will lead to overcrowded libraries on campus, but this is not certain. Maybe not a single outsider would go to visit university libraries. Nowadays, fewer and fewer people in China are interested in reading books. For example, you can always see people playing games on their cellphones, instead of reading. Thus, opening university libraries to the public is actually a way to encourage more people to pick up books. Daniel: To offer the public free entry to university libraries is now a mainstream idea. The question now is how to realize the openness. Nowadays, libraries' resources are kept in the form of databases. The traditional way of borrowing and lending books needs manpower and capital input. I think the most effective way is to open these databases to the public. Yang: Libraries' openness to the public needs those universities' proper arrangement. It's necessary to avoid any conflict between students' use of libraries and that of the public. It needs a balance between ensuring the service to students and teachers and providing service to outsiders. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，应是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。中华民族现在所逢的史路，是一段崎岖险阻的道路。在这段道路上，实在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的景致，使我们经过此段道路的人，感到一种壮美的趣味。但这种壮美的趣味，是非有雄健的精神不能够感觉到的。

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Differences Between Cultures in Non-verbal CommunicationsI. Cultural influence on nonverbal behaviour— Low-context cultures think【T1】_____ is more important【T1】______— High-context cultures think【T2】_____【T2】______II.【T3】_____【T3】______— America: women show fear, not anger; men show anger, not fear— China & Japan:【T4】_____ are unacceptable to show overtly【T4】______— A smile of a Japanese person does not necessarily mean【T5】_____【T5】______— To understand the cultural【T6】_____ and values【T6】______will help interpret expressed emotionsIII. Facial expression— Commonalitiesa)【T7】_____ expressions: a lack of control【T7】______b)Too much smiling:【T8】_____【T8】______— Differences:a)Asian cultures:【T9】_____ facial expression【T9】______b)Mediterranean cultures:【T10】_____ grief or sadness【T10】______c)American culture: men hide grief or sorrowIV. Proxemics— North Americans prefer【T11】_____ personal spaces than Europeans【T11】______— People who prefer closer spaces might see the attemptto create more space as cold, condescending or【T12】_____【T12】______— Americans and Canadians feel【T13】_____【T13】______to rearrange furniture for a meeting— Germans don't agree with thatV. 【T14】______【T14】______— America: take standing in lines seriously— French:【T15】_____【T15】______— Armenia one member of a family saves spots in a line for several others

Affluent Chinese are traveling abroad frantically buying international brands such as Louis Vuitton, Chanel and Gucci. Why do you think China's rich spend big on luxury goods? The following are opinions from different consumers. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Mrok ( Japan) : I would like to say that it is also a trend of a group of people who become rich from being poor in a short time. So, most of them are eager to show their "success" in the economic aspect in order to earn respect from others, and luxury goods seem to be the best "symbol of success". Another reason for this is the highly-valued competition in Chinese society, as well as in other East Asian neighbors. That is why those people buy Prada by day but sleep in a 2-star hotel by night (they don't want to be "the loser" in the "competition"). It also happened in Japan 20 years ago. Gaoshuangera (China) : As a student, I don't understand why we need a LV bag, especially if purchasing it with our parents' money. Also, I don't like the idea that "people look down on me if I don't have a LV bag". If you are really rich and you can afford a LV bag easily, why not? But if you want it just because of what others say, it is just "xurongxin" (vanity) as we say in Chinese. Himani (India): I think it's true not only of China but also of many other Asian countries like India because these countries have very high import taxes. Also it's a matter of status symbol when people brag about visiting abroad and going shopping in the US or in the UK. Felix (the US): China has imposed high import tariffs on luxuries, partly for the protectionism of their local products—which is understandable. When living in Hong Kong and Singapore, I used to wonder why the mainland Chinese would be so ready to spend big money on luxury goods when traveling. I now understand that their purchasing behavior is partly due to practical considerations (cheaper, more varieties, better service, etc. ) and partly due to pent-up demand. Xilaren (Greece) : I had the chance to visit luxury shops in Athens, which had at least 15 Chinese women and men buying Gucci handbags. What is surprising to me is that none of them bought luxury shoes or clothes. Wearing a Rolex and carrying a Gucci handbag require matching shoes and clothes. Otherwise the luxury products are a failure. This kind of buying shows me something saddening. Do these people care only about showing off by holding a Gucci handbag and do not care about clothes and shoes simply because nobody can recognize the brand of the shoes? If this is the case, then it is really saddening. JGVk (the UK) : I have met many Chinese visitors in London. One of the main reasons why they buy many luxury items, instead of one or two, is simple. Many of them are first-time overseas tourists. In China and in most of Asia, there is a social obligation to buy presents of equal quality for friends and relatives. Over time, this "obligation" may disappear—therefore, their shopping habits will change over the next few years.

路上只我一个人，背着手踱着。这一片天地好像是我的；我也像超出了平常的自己，到了另一个世界里。我爱热闹，也爱冷静；爱群居，也爱独处。像今晚上，一个人在这苍茫的月下，什么都可以想，什么都可以不想，便觉是个自由的人。白天里一定要做的事，一定要说的话，现在都可不理。这是独处的妙处，我且受用这无边的荷香月色好了。

阿米莉亚是个很像男人的女人。

How to Prepare for a Scholarship Interview?I. Before the interview— Preparation is a must— Read as much as possible about the program and prepare for questions you want to aska)Subjectsb)Freedomc)【T1】_____【T1】______d)Professorse)Size of the departmentf)【T2】_____【T2】______g)Accommodationh)Outside classroom activities— Re-read the announcementa)Think of reasons and examples that【T3】_____【T3】______b)Don't exaggerate or【T4】_____【T4】______c)Prepare to answer some direct questionsd)【T5】_____ will increase your chances【T5】______— Find out information about the interviewa)How long it will lastb)Who are【T6】_____【T6】______c)Topics of their interestsd)Topics that will show up in the interviewe)Find some【T7】_____ in their website【T7】______f)Get in contact with previous intervieweesII. During the interview— Bring a copy of all the documents and an【T8】_____【T8】______— Dress formally—【T9】_____ when you enter and salute【T9】______— Chit-chat with the interviewers— Ask questions you have prepared— Ask for【T10】_____【T10】______— Dos and don'tsa)Don't【T11】_____the interview【T11】______b)Criticizing others will make you less【T12】_____【T12】______c)Don't engage【T13】_____ in the discussion【T13】______d)Avoid【T14】_____ in the discussion, unless it's necessary【T14】______III. After the interview— Write a "thank-you" note on the day of the interviewand in【T15】_____ paragraphs maximum【T15】______