我不是做发财的梦。为了发财我的几个好朋友都下海了，当了个体商贩。 她们手指上戴的金戒指脖子上戴的精美项链有时也让我看得眼花缭乱，但是透过这些东西我仿佛看见她们也有难言之隐，使我对这种发财狂望而生畏退避三舍。失望之余．我孤独自处，被缺乏自信的情绪沉重地笼罩着，什么也干不了，只好转向梦想求得安慰，求得勇气来好高鹜远地希冀那得不到的东西。我深信我要想买得起昂贵物品，首先必须在学业上求上进，力求学历尽量高些。

(1)London is steeped in Dickensian history. Every place he visited, every person he met, would be drawn into his imagination and reappear in a novel. There really are such places as Hanging Sword Alley in Whitefriars Street, EC1(Where Jerry Cruncher lived in A Tale of Two Cities)and Bleeding Heart Yard off Greville Street, EC1(Where the Plornish family lived in Little Dorrit): they are just the sort of places Dickens would have visited on his frequent night-time walks. (2)He first came to London as a young boy, and lived at a number of addresses throughout his life, moving as his income and his issue(he had ten children)increased. Of these homes only one remains, at 48 Doughty Street, WC1, now the Dickens House Museum, and as good a place as any to start your tour of Dickens's London. (3)The Dickens family lived here for only two years — 1837-1839 — but during this brief period, Charles Dickens first achieved great fame as a novelist, finishing Pickwick Papers, and working on Oliver Twist, Barnaby Rudge and Nicholas Nickleby. If you want a house full of atmosphere, you may be a little disappointed, for it is more a collection of Dickensiana than a recreation of a home. Don't let this deter you, however, for this is the place to see manuscripts, first editions, letters, original drawings, as well as furniture, pictures and artifacts from different periods of his life. Just one room, the Drawing Room, has been reconstructed to look as it would have done in 1839, but elsewhere in the house you can see the grandfather lock which belonged to Moses Pickwick and gave the name to Pickwick Papers, the writing table from Gad's Hill, Rochester, on which he wrote his last words of fiction, and the sideboard he bought in 1839. (4)It was in the back room on the first floor that Dickens's sister-in-law Mary Hogarth died when she was only 17. He loved Mary deeply, probably more than his wife, her sister. The tragedy haunted him for years, and is supposed to have inspired the famous death scene of Little Nell in The Old Curiosity Shop. (5)If you walk through Lincoln's Inn Fields, you will come across Portsmouth Street, and a building which, since Dickens's death, has claimed to be the Old Curiosity Shop itself. It is thought to date from 1567, and is the oldest shop in London, but it seems more likely that the real Curiosity Shop was off Leicester Square. Whatever the truth, the shop makes a pleasant change from the many modem buildings which line the street. (6)If you know Dickens's work well, you may like to make your own way around this area, or you may prefer to rely on the experts and join a guided walk. (7)"City Walks" organize a tour around a part of London which features strongly both in Dickens's early life and his books. This is Southwark, SE1, an area not normally renowned as tourist attraction, but one which is historically fascinating. When the Dickens family first arrived in London, John Dickens, Charles's father, was working in Whitehall. He was the model for Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield, so it is not surprising to learn that within a few months he was thrown into the Marshalsea Prison, off Borough High Street, for debt(Micawber was imprisoned in King's Bench Prison which stood on the corner of the Borough Road). The Marshalsea Prison has long gone, but you can stand by the high walls and recall the time that Dickens would go into prison for supper each evening, after a hard and humiliating day sticking labels on pots at the Blacking Warehouse at Hungerford Stairs. (8)Off Borough High Street are several small alleys called Yards. These mark the sites of the old coaching inns where passengers would catch a cart to destinations around the country. In one, White Hart Yard, stood the White Hart Inn, a tavern that Dickens knew well and in which he decided to introduce one of his best-loved characters, Sam Weller, of Pickwick Papers. Mr. Pickwick's meeting with Sam ensured the popularity of the novel which was then serialized in monthly installments, and made Dickens a famous name.

作家有三种死法。一曰自然的死，二曰痛苦的死，三曰快乐的死。 自然的死属于心脏停止跳动，是一种普遍的死亡形式，没有特色，可以略而不议。快乐的死和痛苦的死不属于心脏停止跳动，是人还活着，作品已经、或几乎是没有了! 作家没有了作品，可以看作是个人艺术生命的死亡、职业的停顿。其中有些人是因为年事已高，力不从心。这不是艺术的死亡，而是艺术的离休，他自己无可自责，社会也会尊重他在艺术上曾经做出的贡献。

The phrase "everybody's doing it" is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a social influence exerted on an individual in order to get that person to act or believe in a similar way as a larger group. Most people experience it in some way during their lives. The following excerpt is about peer pressure and alcohol. The author presents his opinion on peer pressure. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the author's opinion; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Peer Pressure In the United States, over 80% of college students have at least one alcoholic drink over a two-week time period. Of these college students, 40% are binge drinking (i. e., having four or more drinks) on occasion, which greatly surpasses the rate of their non-college peers. Research suggests that this discrepancy between college students and their non-college peers is largely due to the college environment. More specifically, college students must experience a transitional period from depending on their parents at home to depending on their peers on campus. Peer interactions may be essential for college students in that peers provide the guidance and support needed to circumvent this transitional period. In addition, the freshman population is particularly reliant on peer groups because they are new to the college environment and are attempting to adapt to the college lifestyle. Although peers may be an essential coping mechanism during this transitional period, the increase of peer involvement in a student's everyday life may influence the increase of peer pressure as well. Peer pressure, or the direct or indirect encouragement from one's own age group to engage in activities that they may or may not want to engage in, is a major factor in the development of students' risk-taking behavior (e. g., alcohol use, drug use, and tobacco use). Peers act as an influential model by introducing, providing, or pressuring risky activities (i.e., alcohol use) to other peers. By modeling the behavior of their peers, college students are viewing alcohol use as a positive and socially acceptable experience. However, what college students fail to take into consideration are the negative consequences that are related to alcohol use, especially within a peer group context. For example, the leading cause of death for adolescents 17 to 20 years old is alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). In addition, about 400,000 college students between the ages of 18 and 24 have unprotected sex due to drinking. More than one fourth of those students report being too intoxicated to know if they even consented to have sex (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). Therefore, it is imperative to understand peer pressure, as well as which groups of college students are more susceptible to it, in order to decrease these negative consequences from occurring. The social identity theory may help to explain why college students are influenced by peer pressure. The social identity theory suggests that a significant portion of an individual's self-concept is formed through their peer groups, with the in-groups being viewed more positively than the out-groups. In a college environment, it is essential for students to be associated with the in-groups in order to be socially accepted. Out-groups, such as freshmen college students and non-drinkers, may lack the social support needed during this transitional period because they are not fitting in with the majority of their peers. More specifically, non-drinkers would be considered an out-group because they are not participating in the normative behavior of alcohol use. Subsequently, students who enter college determined to remain non-drinkers often give in to peer pressure in order to become a part of the in-group. This experience of feeling like an out-group is prevalent in freshmen college students as well. Freshmen are highly at risk for alcohol consumption because they are adapting to the college lifestyle and attempting to develop new friendship. Furthermore, vulnerable college groups ( e. g. , freshmen and non-drinkers) will give in to peer pressure in hopes to be socially accepted and have a successful transition to college. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

Americans' circle of close confidants has shrunk dramaticallyin the past two decades but the number of people who say they【M1】______have no one with whom to discuss important matters has more than doubled, according to a new study by sociologists at Duke University and the University of Arizona " The evidence showsthat Americans have more confidants and those ties are also more【M2】______family-based than they are used to be," said Lynn Smith-Lovin,【M3】______Professor of Sociology at Duke University and one of the study's authors of Social Isolation in America: Changes in Core Discussion Networks Over Two Decades. The study compared data from 1985 to 2004 and found which【M4】______the mean number of people with whom Americans can discuss matters important to them dropped by nearly one-third, from 2.94 people in 1985 to 2.08 in 2004. The study paints a picture ofAmericans' social contacts a "densely connected, close,【M5】______homogeneous set of ties slowly closing in on themselves,【M6】______becoming smaller, more tightly interconnected, more focusing on【M7】______the very strong bonds of the nuclear family." That means less contacts created through clubs, neighbors and【M8】______organizations outside the home—a phenomenon popularly knownas " bowling lonely," from the 2000 book of the same title by【M9】______Robert D. Putnam. The researchers speculated that changes incommunities and families, such as the increase in a number of【M10】______hours that family members spend at work and the influence of Internet communication, may contribute to the decrease in the size of close-knit circles of friends and relatives.

Meaning in LiteratureI. AUTHOR— Interpret author's intended meaning bya)Reading other works by【T1】_____【T1】______b)Knowing common meanings in a particular parameterc)Knowing how authors and readers of that time interpreted textsd)Knowing cultural【T2】_____ of that time【T2】______— Personal meaning are influenced by【T3】_____ and cultural meanings【T3】______— Authorial intention is complicateda)Cultural constraintsb)Develop meanings not originally【T4】_____by the author【T4】______c)Cultural or symbolic meanings unclear to authord)Not realise all of the【T5】_____ in the work【T5】______II. TEXT—【T6】_____ of the text【T6】______a)Grammarb)Languagec)Uses of【T7】_____【T7】______— Meanings are agreed upon based on the factors ofa)Conventions of meaningb)Traditionsc)【T8】_____【T8】______d)Conventions of usage, practice and【T9】_____【T9】______— Meanings are complicateda)A text is a(n)【T10】_____【T10】______b)Meanings are cultural and contextual III. READER— Meaning is sociala)Language and conventions work as meanings are【T11】_____【T11】______b)Readers participate in social or cultural meaningc)【T12】_____ is part of culture and history【T12】______— Meaning is contextuala)Codes in literatureb)Reader competency:the experience and knowledge of【T13】_____texts【T13】______— Meaning is culturala)Different conventions and ways of reading and writingb)Understand the【T14】_____ of the author【T14】______c)Negotiation across time,【T15】_____, etc.【T15】______

A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale; some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found new one.

[此试题无题干]

It was because it raised so many difficult questions the book took a long time to come out.

Best known for his research in statistical mechanics and meson physics, Chen Ning Yang shared the Nobel Prize in 1957 to another physicist from the United States, Tsung-dao Lee.

Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial and banking center.

The word "literature" just looks boring. Very English—very old—very【T1】 1. Not anything you want much to do with. It sounds like something【T2】 2. Non-working white-hairs from the motherland sit around and talk about it all day because they have nothing better to do. I mean, the word itself dates back to【T3】 3. The definition, as given on dic- tionary.com is a noun meaning "writings in which【T4】 4, in connection with ideas of permanent and universal interest, are characteristic or essential features, and poetry, novels, 【T5】 5, and essays." Somehow, that doesn't exactly make it sound better. Maybe it's because I just completed two literature classes and a minor in English, but I would definitely argue that while literature and the concept of literature may be very old, the importance it holds has not faded—if anything it grows even stronger and even more important as time goes on. Like【T6】 6, it simply gets better with age. The word "literature" just looks boring. Very English—very old—very【T1】 7. Not anything you want much to do with. It sounds like something【T2】 8. Non-working white-hairs from the motherland sit around and talk about it all day because they have nothing better to do. I mean, the word itself dates back to【T3】 9. The definition, as given on dic- tionary.com is a noun meaning "writings in which【T4】 10, in connection with ideas of permanent and universal interest, are characteristic or essential features, and poetry, novels, 【T5】 11, and essays." Somehow, that doesn't exactly make it sound better. Maybe it's because I just completed two literature classes and a minor in English, but I would definitely argue that while literature and the concept of literature may be very old, the importance it holds has not faded—if anything it grows even stronger and even more important as time goes on. Like【T6】 12, it simply gets better with age. 【T1】

The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2,020 miles from Maine to Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world.

【T1】______ are actually【T2】______. While they are, perhaps, 【T3】______ to meaning in communication in the same way as grammar or vocabulary, they may, nevertheless, convey【T4】______ in some way. Let me give you some examples. The first is【T5】______, which indicates the need for【T6】______. The second is【T7】______. This is to show【T8】______. The third is【T9】______, which is to show【T10】______. The fourth is【T11】______. This, um, is to indicate【T12】______. The last is extra lip rounding, which expresses greater 【T13】______, especially with babies, for example. So we can see that there are a number of ways of altering our tone of voice and when we do this consciously, we do it to create different effects in communication.

English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy receiving his close attention.

Passage Four

The total quantity of water is not known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers.

The man who was driving the truck would not admit that he had been at fault, and neither the other driver.

Toward the end of the century, newspapers in Washington began to carry national advertising, especially from patent medicine companies, that bought space from agencies that brokered ads in papers all over the country.

PASSAGE THREE