The debate about whether food and drinks should be permitted on subways has been raging in China for a long time. In some cities, such as Shanghai and Wuhan, passengers are not allowed to eat or drink on subways and violators may face fines. What do you think of it? The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions on the issue; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. The Shanghai Municipal Transport and Port Authority is asking passengers to avoid eating while riding, but also to refrain from other behavior that could annoy their fellow travelers. The new measure covers skating in stations, carrying super-size luggage, smoking and a host of other acts. It was approved in December and took effect on Jan. 1. Of all the topics, eating was the most controversial. After heated debate about whether a ban should be written into regional regulations, which carry the force of law and include penalties, the authorities compromised. As enacted, the new rule asks passengers to avoid eating in train cars as a matter of courtesy to others. It does not require them to refrain, nor is any penalty imposed for noncompliance. Eating inside subway stations was not banned. Nationwide, cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Nanjing have enacted similar rules to ban eating in subway cars. Wuhan, capital of Hubei Province, is the only city so far to use a regional law to clamp down on the practice. In Shanghai, a random survey by China Daily on Thursday morning found that people were largely unaware of the new guideline, though many said they were willing to abide by it. Not everyone thought it was a good idea. " Society should be more tolerant of those having to eat on the train," said Wu Fangcheng, 27, an IT company employee who was having bread and milk inside the Changshu Road station on Line 1. He said he preferred to spend more time sleeping in the morning, even if that meant crunching his time for breakfast. But the arrangement is less than ideal. "If possible, who would not sit down with their loved ones to have a decent breakfast? It's not comfortable to eat in a swaying train," he said. Another passenger, who was having a sandwich and yogurt on Line 7, said he was not aware of the rule but would like to follow it. Bert Quintens, a tourist from Belgium, said he doesn't find eating by fellow passengers offensive. "In Belgium, eating on public transportation is also prohibited, but people keep ignoring the rule," he said. "Nobody would stop them, and it is very hard to do so. I think it is acceptable as long as you don't leave any garbage. " A dispatch operator at the Changshu Road station, surnamed Yang, said on Thursday that he will intervene to block some discourteous acts in the subway such as smoking or boarding with a pet, but he will not step into a car to stop someone from eating. Shanghai Shentong Metro Group, the sole operator of the city's subway network, gave no specific directions as to enforcement of the new rule, Yang said. "It is OK as long as no one complains about it." Wu Junshang, a manager of passenger service at the Shanghai Metro Operation Management Center, said the no-eating rule may not be very effective since it is not compulsory. At the same time, it would hard to enforce if it is included in the regional law, Wu said. Qian Zhaocheng, a commentator, said authorities should consider the needs of different groups of passengers. He does not support a law that reaches too far—such as a broad ban on eating in subway cars—he said. "It's not people's own choice," he said. "The great pressure of living requires many people to spend their dining time on the subway. " Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

The following article is about the "parent trigger" laws in the US. The basic concept of the policy is that parents have the ability to intervene in their child's school if it is performing poorly. With enough signatures from parents, any number of actions can be taken against the low performing school. These can include converting it to a charter school, replacing some of the school's administration and faculty, and closing the school altogether. From the following article you may find there are both assent and disapproval. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize the development of the parent trigger law, and then 2. express your opinion towards the law, especially whether this kind of law can really benefit students and schools. Parent-Trigger Efforts: At a Crossroads? A Standstill? A Dead End? Seven U.S. states have passed "parent trigger" laws, which give parents the ability to petition for changes at their children's low-performing public schools. If more than half of the parents at a school sign the petition, the school district must comply with the changes. These can include hiring a new staff, hiring a public charter school operator to take over reforms, or closing the school altogether and sending students to better performing neighboring schools. Across the nation, the debate rages on among policymakers, teachers and education advocates: Do parent-trigger-type laws have the potential to turn around underperforming schools when bureaucrats fail to act? Or should they be dismissed as a flawed tool that can do more harm than good in already struggling school communities? Parent Revolution claims that support is building for parent triggers at local levels in several states, including Tennessee and New York. Memphis Council PTA Vice President Helen Collins said she's ramping up efforts to build support for a stronger parent-trigger law among 53 schools in Memphis and Shelby County. "We really hope that the teachers and the administrators know that our goal is not to put them out of a job; if anything our goal is to make sure that they understand we're there to help," she said. In New York, a loose coalition of Buffalo parents has been backing parent-trigger legislation sponsored by Assemblywoman Crystal Peoples-Stokes. Tom Casey, campaign manager for We The Parents Buffalo, a group of parents, community members and faith-based leaders, said he does have some doubts about the parent trigger, including the difficulty of getting parents to reach consensus on the changes they want to see at a particular school. But he said he supports any tools that give parents more choices of schools, including charters, and believes too often teacher contracts get in the way of overhauling low-achieving ones. "You cannot change a school when you have tenured teachers and tenured principals," Casey said. "The only way to fix it is to totally restructure it." Critics argue the law is a corporate-backed privatization tool under the guise of parent empowerment; they are particularly concerned about using parent trigger to force charter school conversions, which could strip away from some schools the leadership of elected school boards. Opponents have further charged that parents have been bullied into signing petitions, though trigger advocates have also accused teachers unions and other opponents of similarly aggressive tactics. Opponents insisted that there are mechanisms already in place to intervene in low performing schools. They point to school accountability committees and local school boards as the existing means for parents to be involved in the operation of their child's school. They also worry that parents may not be aware of the changes low performing schools have already made such as hiring new administration and teachers.

Alike light waves, microwaves may be reflected and concentrated.

可是，我也愿意升学。我偷偷地考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。

(1)Space may seem remote, but it's really not that far away. The popular orbits for satellites begin twice as far up—about 400 miles above our heads. There telecommunications and weather satellites orbit at the same rate that Earth rotates, allowing them to hover above a single spot on the Equator. (2)It was the explosions of derelict rockets that first drew NASA's attention to debris. In the 1970s Delta rockets left in orbit began blowing up after delivering their payloads. An investigation showed that the bulkheads separating the leftover fuels were probably cracking as a result of the rocket's passing in and out of sunlight. NASA began recommending that leftover fuels be burned at the end of a flight, or that they be vented into space. Still, every few months on average an old rocket or satellite explodes, flinging a cloud of debris into space. (3)For many years NASA and the Department of Defense were skeptical about the dangers of space debris. The problem seemed abstract, residing more in computer models than in hard experience. And it challenged the can-do mentality of space enthusiasts. Earth's orbit seemed too large and empty to pollute. To its credit, NASA has long maintained a debris-research program, staffed by top-notch scientists who have persisted in pointing out the long-term hazards of space junk even when the higher-ups at NASA didn't want to hear about it. Then the Challenger accident came in 1986. NASA officials realized that their emphasis on human space flight could backfire. If people died in space, public support for the shuttle program could unravel. (4)Engineers took a new look at the shuttle and the international Space Station. Designed in the 1970s, when debris was not considered a factor, the shuttle was determined to be clearly vulnerable. After almost every mission windows on the shuttle are so badly pitted by microscopic debris that they need to be replaced. Soon NASA was flying the shuttle upside down and backward, so that its rockets, rather than the more sensitive crew compartments, would absorb the worst impacts. And engineers were adding shielding to the space station's most vulnerable areas. At this point the modules should be able to survive impacts with objects measuring up to half an inch across, and NASA is developing repair kits for plugging larger holes in the walls. (5)But adding shielding and repair kits won't solve the real problem. The real problem is that whenever something is put into an orbit, the risk of collision for all objects in that orbit goes up. Therefore, the only truly effective measure is a process known as deorbiting—removing objects from orbit when they reach the end of their useful lives. With current technology deorbiting requires that a satellite or a rocket reserve enough fuel for one last trip after its operations are finished. With enough fuel a spacecraft can promptly immolate itself in the atmosphere or fly far away from the most crowded orbits. If less fuel is available, it can aim for an orbit where atmospheric drag will eventually pull it to Earth. The logic behind deorbiting has been inescapable since the beginning of the Space Age, yet it has just begun to penetrate the consciousness of spacecraft designers and launchers. (6)Furthermore, the character of the Space Age is changing. The private sector now puts more payloads into orbit than do NASA and the U.S. and Russian militaries combined. A score of communications companies in the United States and other countries have announced plans that will put hundreds of satellites into orbit over the next decade. Many will fly in relatively low orbits within a few hundred miles above where the space station will orbit, so that they can relay signals coming from hand-held phones. (7)None of these companies is under any obligation to limit orbital debris. Companies that are launching large constellations of satellites are worried about collisions between the satellites, and they are well aware that a public-relations disaster would ensue if a piece of a shattered satellite smacked the station. As a result, some plan to deorbit satellites at the end of their useful lives. But other companies are leaving their satellites up or are counting on atmospheric drag to bring them down. (8)Government regulations covering orbital debris are still rudimentary. For now, the federal agencies that have authority over commercial launches are waiting to see if the private sector can deal with the problem on its own. But deorbiting rockets and satellites is expensive. A satellite could keep operating for several additional months if it didn't need to reserve fuel for deorbiting. Some industry representatives say they want regulations, but only if the regulations apply to everyone and cannot be evaded. (9)One reason for our nonchalance is that new technologies have gotten us out of many past scrapes— and maybe they will with orbital debris, too. Perhaps a future spaceship will race around Earth grabbing old spacecraft and flinging them back into the atmosphere, though it is hard to imagine a similar clean-up method for the small pieces of debris generated by collisional cascading. Maybe Star Wars technologies will produce a laser that can shoot orbital junk from the sky. In 1987 the World Commission on Environment and Development defined sustainable development as meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. In space we are failing the sustainability test miserably. A hundred years from now, when our descendants want to put satellites into orbits teeming with debris, they will wonder what we could have been thinking. The simple answer is we weren't thinking at all.

Most of it—97% —is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans. The rest is fresh, but three quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when melted.

他除了发财之外别无他愿。

You can perform all those functions that you perform atpresent with your mobile devices but of much higher speed than【M1】______before. It provides you with faster connection, faster Internet【M2】______access, and music entertainment with improved quality. Thebenefits are of immense. You can avail the benefits of video【M3】______calling. You can call your friend and have a video call facility. The clarity is better and the facility can be enjoyed as long as both of you are using the 3G technology. With 3G technology it is impossible to access any site on the【M4】______Internet by using your phone as a modem for your computer orlaptop and mail the important documents. Download games and【M5】______songs is much faster with this technology. You can download your favorite games into your mobile and start playing. You can also download the music videos or simply the songs. The technologyenable for much faster download. Because it will take only few【M6】______minutes to download movie clips or albums. You can use your favorite search engines to find the【M7】______information on news headlines, get information about the evening weather so that you can plan your party. You can find out the latest baseball score and any latest news about your favorite sport. The3G phones with its advanced feature will also enable you to watch【M8】______excited highlights of your favorite sport. With the increased speed【M9】______and improved quality of the services provided in the 3G phones,you can view the multimedia data applications as movie clips and【M10】______the music videos with clearer picture than with the 2.5G technology mobiles.

你是否觉得劳生草草，身心两乏?我劝你工余之暇，常到小巷里走走，那是最好的将息，会使你消除疲劳，紧张的心弦得到调整。你如果有时情绪烦燥，心情悒郁，我劝你到小巷里负手行吟一阵，你一定会豁然开朗，怡然自得，物我两忘。你有爱人吗?我建议不要带她去什么名园胜景，还是利用晨昏时节，到深巷中散散步。 在那里，你们俩可以随便谈谈，心贴得更近，在街上那种贪婪的睨视，恶意的斜觑，巷里是没有的；偶然呀的一声，墙门口显现出一个人影，又往往是深居简出的姑娘，看见你们，会娇羞地返身回避了。

PASSAGE THREE

Unlike many mid-century papers, The Columbian, publishing every Saturday in Olympia, one of Washington's largest towns, was "neutral in politics" , meaning that it was not the organ of a particular political party or religious group.

那本书毫无价值可言。

The Japanese say they suffer from an economic disease called "structural pessimism". Overseas too, there is a tendency to see Japan as a harbinger of all that is doomed in the economies of the euro zone and America—even though figures released on November 14th show its economy grew by an annualised 6% in the third quarter, rebounding quickly from the March tsunami and nuclear disaster. Look dispassionately at Japan's economic performance over the past ten years, though, and "the second lost decade" , if not the first, is a misnomer. Much of what tarnishes Japan's image is the result of demography—more than half its population is over 45—as well as its poor policy in dealing with it. Even so, most Japanese have grown richer over the decade. In aggregate, Japan's economy grew at half the pace of America's between 2001 and 2010. Yet if judged by growth in GDP per person over the same period, then Japan has outperformed America and the euro zone. In part this is because its population has shrunk whereas America's population has increased. Though growth in labour productivity fell slightly short of America's from 2000 to 2008, total factor productivity, a measure of how a country uses capital and labour, grew faster, according to the Tokyo-based Asian Productivity Organisation. Japan's unemployment rate is higher than in2000, yet it remains about half the level of America and Europe. Besides supposed stagnation, the two other curses of the Japanese economy are debt and deflation. Yet these also partly reflect demography and can be overstated. People often think of Japan as an indebted country. In fact, it is the world's biggest creditor nation, boasting ￥253 trillion ( $3.3 trillion) in net foreign assets. To be sure, its government is a large debtor; its net debt as a share of GDP is one of the highest in the OECD. However, the public debt has been accrued not primarily through wasteful spending or "bridges to nowhere", but because of ageing, says the IMF. Social-security expenditure doubled as a share of GDP between 1990 and 2010 to pay rising pensions and health-care costs. Over the same period tax revenues have shrunk. Falling tax revenues are a problem. The flip side, though, is that Japan has the lowest tax take of any country in the OECD, at just 17% of GDP. That gives it plenty of room to manoeuvre. Takatoshi Ito, an economist at the University of Tokyo, says increasing the consumption tax by 20 percentage points from its current 5%—putting it at the level of a high-tax European country—would raise ￥50 trillion and immediately wipe out Japan's fiscal deficit. That sounds draconian. But here again, demography plays a role. Officials say the elderly resist higher taxes or benefit cuts, and the young, who are in a minority, do not have the political power to push for what is in their long-term interest. David Weinstein, professor of Japanese economy at Columbia University in New York, says the elderly would rather give money to their children than pay it in taxes. Ultimately that may mean that benefits may shrink in the future. " If you want benefits to grow in line with income, as they are now, you need a massive increase in taxes of about 10% of GDP," he says. Demography helps explain Japan's stubborn deflation, too, he says. After all, falling prices give savers—most of whom are elderly—positive real yields even when nominal interest rates are close to zero. Up until now, holding government bonds has been a good bet. Domestic savers remain willing to roll them over, which enables the government to fund its deficits. Yet this comes at a cost to the rest of the economy. In short, Japan's economy works better for those middle-aged and older than it does for the young. But it is not yet in crisis, and economists say there is plenty it could do to raise its potential growth1 rate, as well as to lower its debt burden.

诸位毕业同学：你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送给你们，只好送你们一句话罢。 这一句话是：“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张文凭，不得已而做的。从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问绝不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。

{{B}}PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION{{/B}}

If pet owners have an eye with fashion, they can dress their pets in stylish clothes.

有一晚碰到一位认识她的熟人，说起她父亲前两天走了。 一时不知说什么，想起那天她说的话，说她父亲走了，她不知如何办。 正是夏天，没过几天在水果摊碰到她。她正俯身在摊前挑选葡萄，一串串挑好，放在塑料袋里。她在和摊主说话，除了那袭短袖黑裙透露出一点与丧事有关的消息，她就像满街任何一位神色平静的女人。 深紫葡萄在正午阳光下像一幅静物画。这是葡萄上市的季节，没有任何理由能阻止人们品尝汁液丰沛的它们。 那些仔细挑出的葡萄表明生活又照常如旧了吗?我没叫她，怕惊动一些什么。

Five Types of Books I. IntroductionA. Reading for information, hoping to— improve our minds with the information acquired— give us the means to improve our livesB. Reading prodigiously & reading【T1】______: two different things【T1】______— to read books that increase【T2】______【T2】______— to read books that helps improve our chances of a happy livingII. The first choice: books about【T3】______【T3】______A. Including not only scientific text books, but alsothe books that increase our understanding of the【T4】______【T4】______B. The value of these books:— the development of【T5】______【T5】______— the methods of learning— how to investigate our intuition and validate it with evidence— inspiring wonder and respect for【T6】______【T6】______III. The second choice: philosophyA. Teaching us to understand【T7】______【T7】______B. Including:— the classic philosophical works— the great texts of【T8】______【T8】______IV. The third choice: serious fictionA. Great works of fiction: containing more truthB. Fiction:【T9】______ experiences【T9】______C. Serious fiction: containing a lot of philosophy, psychology & historyD. Great fiction: being also【T10】______【T10】______V. The fourth choice:【T11】______【T11】______A. helping us to interpret our own timesB. recognizing modern prejudices and the nature of humanityC. Increasing our self understandingD. Teaching us that ideas and morality are【T12】______【T12】______VI. The last type: poetryA. Producing a feeling of【T13】______ for the power of words【T13】______B. Appreciation of poetry: essential for reading— sharpening language skills-【T14】______【T14】______VII. ResourcesA. No formal set of【T15】______【T15】______B. The Internet

李先生上个月生了一个男孩。