"Virtue is knowledge." is a well-known proposition of Socrates, while a saying also goes, " Knowledge is the mother of all virtue. " Then virtue and knowledge, which makes a better person? The following are opinions from two sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Lorraine Smith Pangle from the US: I try to trace the argument for the primacy of virtue and the power of knowledge for long, and Socrates was more aware of the complex causes of human action and of the power of irrational passions. Yet many of Socrates' teachings in fact make it difficult for humans to be the rational creatures that he at first seems to claim. As I see it, virtue is not knowledge in any ordinary sense, but true virtue is nothing other than wisdom. D. F. Liu from China: Today higher education is developing very rapidly, but the behaviors of the students get increasingly unbearable. So, traditional virtue becomes more and more important and urgent in campus cultural construction. We emphasize the significance of traditional virtue for university student; learning to be a man before one learns knowledge. Anurag Roy from Britain: Someone once remarked that while ignorance was the curse of God, knowledge was the important power of wings which carried one to heaven. I remember a famous Sanskrit verse says that an educated person is honored everywhere. It is knowledge that has equipped man with the limitless power with which man dominates over all beings who are physically much stronger than him. Knowledge has significantly helped him to conquer the nature and this conquest has prompted human progress and civilization. Khwaja from Afghanistan: Knowledge brings power to life. But the power that comes from knowledge should be used for the progress of mankind and not be misused. Unfortunately, however, the power of knowledge is being used by many more and more for destructive purposes. Let us hope that all human being will understand the power and importance of knowledge in life. Robertson from Uganda: I can still remember the role of knowledge formation and knowledge acquisition in my personal life. I spent my childhood in traditional African context. It was knowledge that directed me through my period as a student and a freedom fighter. During my leadership of Uganda, it was still knowledge that saved my country which was initially in need of drastic recovery and development, later in need of stable concentration on economic development. Gene from Grace: Morality is essentially the knowledge of knowing what is right and what is wrong. Though some may not realize it, our moral compasses guide us each and every day in making decisions, from thinking about how to best save money to protect those who cannot protect themselves. Morality is vitally important because it directly affects the behavior and action of a person, which, in turn, cause other consequences outside the control of that person. In this cold, lonely world that we live in today, what is more important than the love which binds us together and warms our souls? Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

那还是几年前的一个早晨，在太阳刚刚升起来的时候，踏着熹微的晨光，到一个离旅馆不远的菜市场去。到了邻近菜市场的地方，市场的气氛就逐渐浓了起来。熙熙攘攘的人群，摩肩擦背，来来往往。许多老大娘的菜篮子里装满了蔬菜海味鸡鸭鱼肉。有的篮子里活鱼在摇摆着尾巴，肥鸡在咯咯地叫着。老大娘带着一脸笑意，满怀愉快，走回家去。

Passage Three

What was the first language? How did language begin, andwhere and when? Until recently, a sensible linguist would likely to【S1】______respond to such questions with a shrug and a sigh. As Bernard Campbell states flatly in Humankind Emerging, "We simply do notknow, or never will, how or when language began. " It's hard to【S2】______imagine a cultural phenomenon that's less important than the【S3】______development of language. And yet no human attribute offers lessconclusive evidence regarded its origins. The mystery, says Christine【S4】______Kenneally in her book The First Word, lies in the nature of thespoken word: For all their power to wound and seduce, speech is our【S5】______most ephemeral creation; it is little more than air. It exits the bodyas series of puffs and dissipates quickly into the atmosphere. There【S6】______are no verbs preserved in amber, no ossified nouns, and no prehistorical shrieks forever spread-eagled in the lava that took themin surprise. The absence of such evidence certainly hasn't【S7】______discouraged speculating in the origins of language. Over the【S8】______centuries, many theories have been put out, and just about all of【S9】______them have been challenged, discounted, and often ridiculed. Eachtheory accounts for only a small part of whatever we know about【S10】______language.

这次使命还标志着中国航天计划的最大成就，因为中国的航天计划由于现代史上的动乱而受阻，先是20世纪50年代末期的大跃进，后是70年代的文化大革命，航天计划不但放慢，有时甚至停止。路透社在发自北京的新闻报道中说，这次发射成功突出表明中国成为一支新兴力量。中国是安理会常任理事国，如今寻求更积极的外交，它是世界上经济发展最快的国家之一，并被选为2008年奥运会的主办国。

[此试题无题干]

PASSAGE TWO

[此试题无题干]

改革开放胆子要大一些，要敢于试验。冒一定的风险是必要的。不冒点风险，办什么事情都有百分之百的把握，万无一失，谁敢说这样的话?一开始就自以为是，认为百分之百正确，没那回事。我就从来没那么认为。每年领导层都要总结经验，对的就坚持，不对的就丢掉或赶快改，新问题出来抓紧解决，无论是打仗还是搞改革，都经不起慢腾腾的决策。在很多情况下，都要冒险试一试，然后一边前进一边改正自己的错误。

PASSAGE THREE

里奇先生怕老婆。

Developing an Advertising Campaign Generally speaking, four major steps are involved in the development of an advertising campaign.I.【T1】 1 and analyzing the advertising target【T1】 2A. Have【T2】 3 of your advertising target【T2】 4— critical: it is the【T3】 5 of other steps【T3】 6B.【T4】 7 to develop an information【T4】 8base for the campaignII.【T5】 9 the advertising platform【T5】 10Advertising platform refers to the selling pointswhich an advertiser thinks are important to【T6】 11.【T6】 12One of the best ways to determine what the selling points areis through【T7】 13.【T7】 14III. Developing the media planA. Formulation of a media plan involves— the【T8】 15 of exact media【T8】 16— time arrangement with each mediumB. Factors to be considered in this step include— characteristics of【T9】 17【T9】 18— the【T10】 19 of media【T10】 20— the【T11】 21【T11】 22IV.【T12】 23【T12】 24A Execution of an advertising campaign requires muchplanning and【T13】 25【T13】 26B. Detailed【T14】 27 are required to ensure everything【T14】 28is done on timeC.【T15】 29 of the quality of work is also necessary【T15】 30to make improvements Developing an Advertising Campaign Generally speaking, four major steps are involved in the development of an advertising campaign.I.【T1】 31 and analyzing the advertising target【T1】 32A. Have【T2】 33 of your advertising target【T2】 34— critical: it is the【T3】 35 of other steps【T3】 36B.【T4】 37 to develop an information【T4】 38base for the campaignII.【T5】 39 the advertising platform【T5】 40Advertising platform refers to the selling pointswhich an advertiser thinks are important to【T6】 41.【T6】 42One of the best ways to determine what the selling points areis through【T7】 43.【T7】 44III. Developing the media planA. Formulation of a media plan involves— the【T8】 45 of exact media【T8】 46— time arrangement with each mediumB. Factors to be considered in this step include— characteristics of【T9】 47【T9】 48— the【T10】 49 of media【T10】 50— the【T11】 51【T11】 52IV.【T12】 53【T12】 54A Execution of an advertising campaign requires muchplanning and【T13】 55【T13】 56B. Detailed【T14】 57 are required to ensure everything【T14】 58is done on timeC.【T15】 59 of the quality of work is also necessary【T15】 60to make improvements

Classicism as a doctrine seeks what is universally truth and good.

Effective Note-takingThe difficulty of taking notes: Note-taking requires a high level of abilitydue to the【T1】______ of spoken language.【T1】______I. Before taking notes:A. Be sure of the【T2】______of yours and the speaker's.【T2】______B. Review relevant background materials if【T3】______.【T3】______II. While taking notes:A. Understand the new words by【T4】______the meanings from the context.【T4】______B. Study carefully the【T5】______, which usually implies【T5】______the most important information.C. Catch the speaker's【T6】______through tone, gesture, repetition and【T6】______illustration on the board.D. Pay attention to the speaker's indirect(7)to indicate what is important,【T7】______like changes in speed, volume or【T8】______.【T8】______E. While writing down the main points, develop a system of mechanics:jotting down【T9】______: using shorthand, abbreviations and symbols:【T9】______leaving out【T10】______ words.【T10】______F. While selecting words to write down, pick those having the【T11】______【T11】______information, like nouns, verbs or【T12】______, and those indicating【T12】______the proceeding direction of the lecture, like【T13】______.【T13】______III. After taking notes:A Review and【T14】______ them as soon as possible.【T14】______B.【T15】______ notes with others to learn from them.【T15】______

……合中国旧历的三伏，一年最热的时候。

Ten Bad Listening HabitsI. Calling the Subject Dull— Good listeners will hunt for something【T1】_____【T1】______II.【T2】______the Speaker【T2】______— Bad listeners are picky about how a speech is【T3】_____【T3】______III. Getting Over-stimulated— Good listeners would not judge until【T4】_____【T4】______IV. Listening Only for Facts— Good listeners listen for the【T5】_____ and connect them as a whole【T5】______V. Trying to Outline Everything— Good listeners are flexible with the【T6】_____ of the speaker【T6】______— Bad listeners are rigidVI. Faking Attention— showing the【T7】_____ of appearing to listen to the speaker does【T7】______not guarantee good listening— Real attention signs:a)【T8】_____【T8】______b)Quicker circulation of bloodc)Rise in【T9】_____【T9】______VII. Easily Distracted— Bad listeners are easily distracted and even create【T10】_____【T10】______VIII. Choosing Only What's Easy— Bad listeners turn away from【T11】_____ on radio or TV【T11】______IX. Letting Emotion-Laden Words Get in the Way— Some words carry a(n)【T12】______【T12】______— But don't let them get in the way of learningX. Wasting the Difference Between Speech and Thought Speed— American average rate:【T13】_____ words per minute【T13】______— Thought speed:【T14】_____ words per minute【T14】______— Listeners will remain attentive when they listen to【T15】_____ speech【T15】______

(1)Every street had a story, every building a memory. Those blessed with wonderful childhoods can drive the streets of their hometowns and happily roll back the years. The rest are pulled home by duty and leave as soon as possible. After Ray Atlee had been in Clanton(his hometown)for fifteen minutes he was anxious to get out. (2)The town had changed, but then it hadn't. On the highways leading in, the cheap metal buildings and mobile homes were gathering as tightly as possible next to the roads for maximum visibility. This town had no zoning whatsoever. A landowner could build anything with no permit, no inspection, no notice to adjoining landowners, nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear reactors required approvals and paperwork. The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the year. (3)But in the older sections, nearer the square, the town had not changed at all. The long shaded streets were as clean and neat as when Ray roamed them on his bike. Most of me houses were still owned by people he knew, or if those folks had passed on the new owners kept the lawns clipped and the shutters painted. Only a few were being neglected. A handful had been abandoned. (4)This deep in Bible country, it was still an unwritten rule in the town that little was done on Sundays except go to church, sit on porches, visit neighbours, rest and relax the way God intended. (5)It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he toured his old turf, killing time until the appointed hour for the family meeting, he tried to dwell on the good memories from Clanton. There was Dizzy Dean Park where he had played Little League for the Pirates, and there was the public pool he'd swum in every summer except 1969 when the city closed it rather than admit black children. There were the churches—Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian—facing each other at the intersection of Second and Elm like wary sentries, their steeples competing for height They were empty now, but in an hour or so the more faithful would gather for evening services. (6)The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton was just large enough to have attracted the discount stores that had wiped out so many small towns. But here the people had been faithful to their downtown merchants, and there wasn't a single empty or boarded-up building around the square—no small miracle. The retail shops were mixed in with the banks and law offices and cafes, all closed for the Sabbath. (7)He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee section in the old part, where the tombstones were grander. Some of his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had always assumed that the family money he'd never seen must have been buried in those graves. He parked and walked to his mother's grave, something he hadn't done in years. She was buried among the Atlees, at the far edge of the family plot because she had barely belonged. (8)Soon, in less than an hour, he would be sitting in his father's study, sipping bad instant tea and receiving instructions on exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to be given, many decrees and directions, because his father(who used to be a judge)was a great man and cared deeply about how he was to be remembered. (9)Moving again, Ray passed the water tower he'd climbed twice, the second time with the police waiting below. He grimaced at his old high school, a place he'd never visited since he'd left it. Behind it was the football field where his brother Forrest had romped over opponents and almost became famous before getting bounced off the team. (10)It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday, May 7. Time for the family meeting.

生命没有寄托的人，青年时代和“儿时”对他格外宝贵。这种浪漫蒂克的回忆其实并不是发现了“儿时”的真正了不得，而是感觉到中年以后的衰退。本来，生命只有一次，对于谁都是宝贵的。但是，即使他的生命溶化在大众的里面，假使他天天在为这世界干些什么，那末，他总在生长，虽然衰老病死仍旧是逃避不了，然而他的事业——大众的事业是不死的，他会领略到“永久的青年”。 而“浮生如梦”的人，从这世界里拿去的很多，而给这世界的却很少——他总有一天会觉得疲乏的死亡：他连拿都没有力量了。衰老和无能的悲哀，像铅一样的沉重，压在他的心头。青春是多么短呵!

Debate about the policy to raise the retirement age of Chinese workers has been raging in China for the past few years. The compulsory retirement age in China is now 60 for male, 55 for female white-collar workers and 50 for female manual laborers. The following excerpts offer opinions from different channels about this issue. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from every side; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.The media Beijing Times: Even if authorities bind older people to their positions by raising the retirement age, these workers might not contribute much to overall productivity; worse still, there might not be sufficient jobs for young people who enter the job market because older people are still working. That's a possible negative result of delaying the retirement age, and policymakers need to be alert to it. Beijing Youth Daily: The ministry said Chinese workers retire at a quite early age. What they haven't told us is Chinese people's average life expectancy is low compared with developed countries, too. Japanese males retire five years later than Chinese males but they live about eight years longer. Therefore it is not fair for Chinese workers to retire at the same age as their counterparts in developed economies.The general public Satsu from Japan: In Japan people who officially retire at the age of 60 can still work for several years ( until 65) for half or less of their last salary because the retirement allowance is not enough for a decent life after work. The official state pension sets in at the age of 65 (probably soon 67) only. Eudaimonia from Greece: I think that it should be relevant to the type of work that the person is doing and the average life expectancy in the country. What this means? This means that, for example; —If somebody works in very poor working conditions, he should get early retirement. —There's absolutely no reason for women to retire earlier than men; if anything, it should be the other way around since women live longer. Tigerfish from the UK: We've done it in the UK too, but the problem is that we still have a huge youth unemployment problem. Employers are not taking on the new graduates and school leavers, so they just hang around streets and cause problems and manual workers are just not fit enough to keep going, and end up needing more medical help. Vivian from China: The retirement age should be left as it is. If people want to retire earlier they should be encouraged to do so. The whole idea is to give the young people a chance to fill these positions and get a start in life. Icwu from France: Delaying the retirement age to 65 for men and 60 for women makes sense. However, it's even better if it's coupled with delaying job entry for youths by 1 -2 years by introducing military training or community service (like the peace corps practice in the US in the past) or non-paid apprentice training (like that practiced in Germany) for our youths. These options will not only benefit our youths but also solve many employment problems as a result of delayed retirement. Laowai2 from the US: The same thing is happening in most countries with a welfare system. People are living longer, so they require pensions for more years. In China's case, women are probably receiving pensions for over 20 years. Although people pay into a pension fund, this does not cover their future pensions. Pensions are financed out of current taxation, so it is our children who will actually fund our pensions. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionalsand amateurs in science: exceptions can not be found to any rule.【S1】______Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry connotation that the【S2】______person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific communityand, in particular, may not fully share their values. The growth of【S3】______specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greaterproblems for professional participation in science. The trend was【S4】______naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. A comparison of British geological publications over the lastcentury and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis of the【S5】______primacy of research, but also a changing definition of that【S6】______constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research intheir own right; and, in the twentieth century, local studies have【S7】______increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if theyincorporate, and reflect into the wider geological picture. Amateurs,【S8】______on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several localgeological journals in the twentieth century. As is a logical【S9】______consequence of this development, separate journals have nowappeared aiming mainly at either professional or amateur readership.【S10】______A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.