Questionnaire DesignI. Clarify your study goal— Write down your study goal before【T1】_____【T1】______— Ask questions that directly address the goalsII. Keep your questionnaire short— Long questionnaires get less response— Eliminate questions if they will not be used in the【T2】______ process【T2】______III. Make the envelope unique—【T3】_____【T3】______— Hand-addressed— Use a(n)【T4】_____ postage stamp【T4】______— Provide a well-written cover letterIV. Clear and concise instructions— Avoid long sentences and【T5】_____ words【T5】______— Print the【T6】_____ on the questionnaire【T6】______V. Begin with a few non-threatening and interesting items— Boring or threatening items will put off peopleVI. Use【T7】_____ language【T7】______— Make items brief— Emphasize crucial words by using bold, italics or【T8】_____【T8】______VII. Leave adequate space for comments— Space for comments will provide valuable information— Leaving【T9】_____ space will increase response【T9】______VIII. Hold the respondent's interest— Provide variety in the type of items used— Vary the【T10】_____ format【T10】______— Group items into【T11】_____【T11】______IX.【T12】_____【T12】______— Attach a dollar bill— Offer a(n)【T13】_____【T13】______X. Pre-test your questionnaire— Try it on representatives of【T14】_____【T14】______— Be present, while they are filling in the questionnaire— Tell them it's OK to ask you to【T15】_____ any item【T15】______

In August 2015, the Ministry of Education in China issued a policy, encouraging the colleges to list the traditional Chinese culture as a compulsory course. This policy was applauded by many believing those courses will cultivate students' awareness of traditional Chinese culture. However, this policy also met some disagreements. The following are opinions from two sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Experts Lu Hongli, of Tongzhou's Teacher Research and Training Center: Traditional Chinese culture should not lose its grip on young Chinese as it is good for their moral development and the cultivation of their character. Some wisdom delivered through the Chinese classics might help the young deal with the challenges in their own life. We try to find innovative ways to instill traditional culture into students, such as chanting the classics with morning gymnastics and holding couplet-writing competition. They gradually develop an aesthetic sense of Chinese classics and the spirit of Chinese culture. Zhang Jian, Secretary-general of the China Traditional Culture and Art Center: Traditional Chinese culture will inevitably be included in China's college entrance examination. That will provide a stimulus for students in primary and middle schools to learn traditional culture. And consequently it is very logical and coherent for the colleges to open some traditional Chinese culture compulsory courses. But testing is not the ultimate goal. The learning process will undoubtedly improve students' moral standards and nurture their love for China's cultural legacy.Students Zhang Jiawei: I think it is not bad to have some traditional Chinese culture courses in colleges. But I don't think it is necessary to have them as compulsory courses. Because when we talk about compulsory courses, students will pay more attention to the grades or credits they can get from the courses. More often than not, the case will be like, the teachers will provide a list of questions and answers before the exams. And the students just learn those answers. In that case, they will not really learn some traditional Chinese culture, instead they just learn some answers and forget them the next day after the exams. Xiao Huahua: I like to have some traditional Chinese culture courses in my college. But I don't like the idea of having them as compulsory courses. In my college, sometimes one or two famous experts on traditional Chinese culture deliver some lectures on different topics. When they come, many students attend their lectures and I enjoy those lectures greatly. Their lectures help me know something about various aspects of traditional Chinese culture. Once I remember we had a very elegant lady show us chadao, how to perform the traditional Chinese way of having lea. I was quite amazed by the practice. After her performance, I went online to search some information and videos about chadao. I find it very interesting. So I think it is a matter of interest and should not be something compulsory. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大的才能。人际关系就是一种善于听取别人意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力。善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任。这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。这就是为什么许多平平庸庸的公司雇员在大调整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反而下岗。

When the late Isaiah Berlin was knighted, a friend joked that the honour was for his services to conversation. The distinguished theorist of liberalism was indeed a brilliant talker and feline gossip. Readers of Berlin's letters will find that same bubbling flow of malice, wit and human insight on the written page. A first set of letters came out five years ago. To coincide with Berlin's centenary year—he lived from 1909 to 1997—his literary executor, Henry Hardy, and a team of co-editors have now brought out a second fat volume. The verbal pressure is higher still, for in 1949 Berlin began dictating to a machine. Biographically the letters take the reader through Berlin's professional ascent from clever young don to Oxford professor, public educator and transatlantic academic star. They track the consolidation of his social position as an intellectual jewel of the post-war British establishment. Three or four footnotes a page introduce perhaps 1,000 or more politicians, public servants, academics, musicians and socialites whom Berlin knew or talked about. For that alone, his letters are a unique record of a bygone milieu. Berlin did not write on oath. He ladles praise on correspondents only to dismiss them in letters to others as gorgons or third-raters. During the Suez crisis in 1956 he writes to the wife of the Prime Minister, Sir Anthony Eden, that her husband has shown "great moral splendour". The next letter, to Berlin's stepson at Harvard, calls the British action "childish folly". His capsule judgments are sometimes apt, sometimes sneering. He calls Sir Peter Strawson, an eminent contemporary philosopher, provincial. Berlin is sharper still on his own thin-skinned self. He belittles his large philosophical gifts, finds publication an agony and worries to correspondents that his work is rot. Mr. Hardy says that these letters represent perhaps a fourth of those Berlin wrote in 1946-1960. There are none back to him. So here is Berlin in his own ironical voice, as selected by editors. A reader only of these letters may well ask why Berlin had such grateful pupils and devoted friends. And why was he among the foremost liberal thinkers of the age? A selection of old and new tributes, The Book of Isaiah, also edited by the tireless Mr. Hardy, partly answers both questions. Thinkers such as John Rawls defended liberal principles with more argument. Among historians of ideas, Quentin Skinner did more to professionalise their discipline. No one had Berlin's gift for dramatising and personalising abstract ideas. Berlin kept returning to three core convictions. Freedom from constraint by others (negative liberty) is more urgent or basic, he argued, than freedom to realise your potential (positive liberty). The left distrusted that distinction and the right misappropriated it, while philosophers continue to pick it over. He thought, secondly, that liberalism fails if it cannot validate the universal need to belong. But perhaps Berlin's strongest conviction was that the basic commitments—to friendship and truth, fairness and liberty, family and achievement, nation and principle—clash routinely and cannot be smoothly reconciled. Thinkers and politicians should admit the conflicts, Berlin implied, and not blanket them with doctrine or tyrannically attempt to subordinate some concerns to others. The first two of those ideas crop up here and there in these letters. In personal form, that third conviction—that people are to be taken in full, not in formulae—runs throughout, and was surely one source of Berlin's charm. More volumes of letters are to follow. Readers will wonder what self-mocking Berlin would have made of this growing monument. He was an erudite wit at the dinner table and, as the reader now sees, in his letters. But he was a thinker first, and for his thought there is no substitute for his essays.

这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。

{{B}}SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.{{/B}}

The third is proximity, posture and echoing. Proximity refers to the【T1】 1 between speakers. This can indicate a number of things and can also be used to consciously send messages about【T2】 2. Closeness, for example, indicates【T3】 3 or threat to many speakers. But distance may show formality, or【T4】 4. Once again, I'd like to say, proximity is also both a matter of personal style, and is often【T5】 5. So, what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another. And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as【T6】 6, but completely out of place in other situations, such as a meeting with a superior. Next, posture. Posture means the way in which someone【T7】 7, especially the back, shoulders and head, when standing, walking or sitting. A few examples. Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of whether the person is【T8】 8. A lowered head when speaking to a superior, with or without eye contact, can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures. On the other hand,【T9】 9, changes the nature of the interaction, and can be seen as either【T10】 10. Last, echoing. Now, what is echoing? Let me start with an example. Some of you may have noticed this phenomenon in your experience. When two people are keen to agree with each other, they would likely, though unconsciously, adopt the same posture, as if an imitation of each other. They sit or stand in the same manner. When used in this way, echoing appears to complement the【T11】 11. Of course, when such imitation is carried out consciously, it often indicates that someone is【T12】 12 at another speaker. The third is proximity, posture and echoing. Proximity refers to the【T1】 13 between speakers. This can indicate a number of things and can also be used to consciously send messages about【T2】 14. Closeness, for example, indicates【T3】 15 or threat to many speakers. But distance may show formality, or【T4】 16. Once again, I'd like to say, proximity is also both a matter of personal style, and is often【T5】 17. So, what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another. And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as【T6】 18, but completely out of place in other situations, such as a meeting with a superior. Next, posture. Posture means the way in which someone【T7】 19, especially the back, shoulders and head, when standing, walking or sitting. A few examples. Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of whether the person is【T8】 20. A lowered head when speaking to a superior, with or without eye contact, can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures. On the other hand,【T9】 21, changes the nature of the interaction, and can be seen as either【T10】 22. Last, echoing. Now, what is echoing? Let me start with an example. Some of you may have noticed this phenomenon in your experience. When two people are keen to agree with each other, they would likely, though unconsciously, adopt the same posture, as if an imitation of each other. They sit or stand in the same manner. When used in this way, echoing appears to complement the【T11】 23. Of course, when such imitation is carried out consciously, it often indicates that someone is【T12】 24 at another speaker. 【T1】

According to the revised Criminal Laws, cheating in Civil Service Exams would be listed as a criminal offense. This has aroused a hot debate on this issue. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Authorities announce severe punishment for those caught cheating in the upcoming National Civil Service Exams, the State Administration of Civil Service said, adding that cheating would be listed as a criminal offense according to the revised Criminal Laws. The laws state that cheaters in national exams would be sentenced up to three years in prison, held in custody or fined. In serious cases, the violators would be sentenced to three-to-seven years in prison. The following offers different opinions on this issue.Pnp(the UK) Support! All cheats must be sentenced to jail; more so with civil servants because if they can cheat on exams they can also cheat while at work. That includes corruption, using state funds for private purposes, playing golf when they should be working, and spending state funds on dinners, etc. ! Cheaters have no moral character to hold any job, private or public!Voy (Malaysia) Totally disagree. Putting students in jail because of cheating on National Civil Exams is nonsense. It's a wrong policy, as cheating on exams does not indicate students are criminals and create risks and damage to society. You put the young students into jail and that will totally ruin their future. A warning note should be given and the warned students should retake the exam by next year.Crystal (China) As the old saying goes, once a cheater, always a cheater. What is to stop the cheater from cheating again if the punishment is not severe? If the risk is not high enough they will continue to take the chance later in life. A heavier punishment is the only way to let the students understand the severity of their actions.Ted (the UK) It is difficult to imagine 1.4 million students all taking the same tests at the same time. The logistics of this must be enormous. Anything so huge will inevitably create opportunities for cheating. To resolve this problem requires very strict administration and supervision and very harsh penalties for those caught. Also go to the root of the problems caused by this examination by changing its structure and content. The damage it causes to broad and balanced education is clear.Wanderista (the US) Cheating is extremely unfair to other students who have put hours of study and research into the examination. Meanwhile, letting it go is going to do nothing good for the students who cheat on exams. By punishing them severely it helps them see that cheating gets them nowhere in life—it applies to outside of school as well. They need to learn the value of hard work and will give up their fantasy of cheating their way through life.Francy (Canada) I think there should be some kind of punishment but it would not have to be so cruel. It should ring a warning bell for all the examinees, especially those risk takers. It would be fine as long as they realize that there are consequences for their actions so they will not continue to make mistakes later. About the punishments, suspension can be given, as well as a failing mark for that paper and no re-test should be allowed.Cindy (China) I would say it depends. If it is a regular test, then disqualify them from the test they have taken in which they have cheated and arrange them to sit for it again. But for a nationwide test such as Civil Service Exams or national college entrance exam, the cheaters should be severely punished, as they would have a negative impact on the whole society. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

Another milestone on the journey towards digital cash was passed on November 13th. That date marked the emergence from beta-testing in America of V. me, a "digital wallet" that holds multiple payment cards in a virtual repository. Instead of providing their personal details and card numbers to pay for stuff online, customers just enter a username and a password. The service is provided by Visa, a giant card-payment network whose headquarters is in the heart of Silicon Valley, close to a host of technology firms which would love to get their hands on a chunk of the global payments business. In the short term new technology is actually boosting usage of plastic. Smartphone apps often require users to enter their card details to pay for services. Firms such as Square and PayPal have developed tiny card readers that plug into smartphones and allow small traders using their software to accept payments cheaply. Ed McLaughlin, who oversees emerging payments technologies at MasterCard, reckons such developments have added 1. 2m new businesses over the past 12 months to the card firms' list of merchants. But even if plastic cards eventually go the way of vinyl records, card networks should still prosper because they too are investing heavily in new technology and have several built-in advantages. Visa is betting its member banks can help it to narrow the gap with rivals like PayPal, for instance, which is part of eBay and has grown to 117m active users thanks in part to its use on the auction site. Over 50 financial institutions are supporting the launch of V. me, which accepts non-Visa cards in its wallet, too. MasterCard and others are also touting digital wallets, some of which can hold digital coupons and tickets as well as card details. Before long all of these wallets are likely to end up on mobile phones, which can be used to buy things in stores and other places. This is where firms such as Square, which has developed its own elegant and easy-to-use mobile wallet, and Google have been focusing plenty of energy. Jennifer Schulz, Visa's global head of e-commerce, predicts there will be a shake-out that leaves only a few wallet providers standing. Thanks to their trusted brands, big budgets and payments savvy, one or more card companies will be among them. Card networks are also taking stakes in innovative firms to keep an eye on potentially disruptive technologies. Visa owns part of Square, which recently struck a deal with Starbucks to make its mobile-payment service available in 7,000 of the coffee chain's outlets in America. Visa has also invested in Monitise, a mobile-banking specialist. American Express, for its part, has set up a $100m digital-commerce fund, one of whose investments is in iZettle, a Square-like firm based in Sweden. So far few have tried to create new payments systems from scratch. Those that have toyed with the idea, such as ISIS, a consortium of telecoms companies in America, have concluded it is far too costly and painful to deal with regulators, set up anti-fraud systems and so forth. Fears about the security of new-fangled payment systems also play into the hands of established card firms. Still, they cannot relax. Bryan Keane, an analyst at Deutsche Bank, points out that rival digital wallets could promote alternatives to credit and debit cards, including stored-value cards and direct bank-account-to-bank-account payments. Big retailers in America have clubbed together to create their own digital wallet and are likely to prompt users to choose the payment options that are cheapest for the chains, by offering them incentives like coupons. Jack Dorsey, the boss of Square and a co-founder of Twitter, agrees that digital wallets will make the trade-offs between various payment options clearer to consumers and reckons this will force card networks to up their game. "They had a major innovation 60 years ago" he says, "and there have been very, very few innovations since. " Some in the payments world might quibble with that but one thing they can all agree on is that the spread of mobile payments will bring many more customers. MasterCard's Mr. McLaughlin claims that 85% of commerce still involves cash and cheques. As mobile purchases take off, more of this activity will move online. The biggest prize of all lies in emerging markets, where a lack of financial infrastructure is hastening the rise of phone-based payments systems such as M-Pesa, which serves Kenya and several other markets. Visa has snapped up Fundamo, which specialises in payment services for the unbanked and underbanked in emerging markets; MasterCard has set up a joint venture called Wanda with Telef6nica, a Spanish telecoms firm, which aims to boost mobile payments across Latin America. The payments world is changing fast but the card firms are not about to let rivals swipe their business.

这些退伍军人都享受公费医疗。

All social animals communicate with each other, from bees and ants to whales and apes, but only humans have developed a language which is more than a set of prearranged signals. Ourspeech even differs in a physical way of the communication of other【S1】______animals. It comes from a cortical speech centre which does notrespond instinctively, and organises sound and meaning on a【S2】______rational basis. This section of the brain is unique to humans. Whenand how the special talent of language developed are impossible to【S3】______say. But it is generally assumed that its evolution must have been along process. Our ancestors were probably saying a million years【S4】______ago, but with a slower delivery, a smaller vocabulary and above alla simple grammar than we are accustomed to.【S5】______ The origins of human language will perhaps remain foreverobscurely. By contrast the origin of individual languages has been【S6】______the subject of very precise study over the past two centuries. There are about 5 ,000 languages spoken in the world today(a third of them in Africa), but scholars group them together intorelatively a few families—probably less than twenty. Languages are【S7】______linked to each other by sharing words or sounds or grammatical【S8】______constructions. The theory is that the members of each linguisticgroup have descended one language, a common ancestor. In many【S9】______cases that original language is judged by the experts to have beenspoken in surprisingly recent time—as little as a few thousand years【S10】______ago.

Five Things for College Graduates to Know I. Degree does not【T1】______ you to a job【T1】______A. Your situation after graduation— other graduates too got degreesB. Reminders for your attention— learn to differentiate【T2】______【T2】______— stop【T3】______【T3】______— take personal responsibility— shape your future with【T4】______【T4】______II. Find what you really love to doA. The time you have after college— don't burden with heavy【T5】______: a mortgage, family, etc.【T5】______— to move back home or room with a buddyB. Use that time to find what you'd love to do— never【T6】______【T6】______— avoid falling into a(n)【T7】______【T7】______— have a goal, plan, or passion to shoot for III. Learn how to interact with people: a【T8】______ skill【T8】______A. Put it into practice constantlyB. Learn to greet people with a smileC. Make small talk, get to know your【T9】______, etc.【T9】______D. Learn to be【T10】______【T10】______IV. Learn to practice【T11】______【T11】______A. Office politics does exist and it's not prettyB. Keep all emails, have everything【T12】______【T12】______C. Document a potential【T13】______【T13】______V. Learn to build & maintain a strong social【T14】______【T14】______A. Don't stay at home and play video gamesB. Don't expect friends to【T15】______ show up【T15】______C. Go to places where you have a genuine interestD. Meet people there who share your interests

Which is said that somewhere between the ages of 6 and 9, children begin to think abstractly instead of concretely.

Concentration is one of the most important elements in dangerous driving.

Here in the United States, before agricultural activities destroyed the natural balance, there were great migrations of Rocky Mountain locusts(蝗虫). Great migrating hordes of these insectsonce darken the skies on the plains east of the Rockies where crops【S1】______were often destroyed; the worst years were those between 1874 to【S2】______1877. One of these migrating swarms was estimated to contain 1. 24billion locusts. During the another migration in Nebraska it was【S3】______estimated that the swarm of locusts averaged half a mile high and was 100 miles wide and 300 miles long. Usually, these swarms takeup from the ground against the wind, but, once airborne, they turn【S4】______and fly with it. Warm convection currents(对流)help to lift them,often at great heights. During the great locust plagues the situation【S5】______in Nebraska became so serious that the original state constitutionhad to be rewritten to take care the economic problems. The new【S6】______document was known as "The Grasshopper Constitution". It is now believed that these locusts were a migratory form or phase of thelesser migratory locust, that is still common there. In this respect,【S7】______the North American migratory locusts resemble their Africanrelatives. In both regions the migratory forms rise as a result of【S8】______crowding and climatic factors. Migratory forms are apparently natural adaptations which bring about dispersal when locustpopulations become too crowded. Unfortunately for our farmers, the【S9】______migratory form no longer seems to occur regularly, although there was a serious outbreak as late as 1938 in midwestern United States and Canada. Actually, there is no reason why the destructivemigratoiy form might not again appear if circumstances become【S10】______favorable.

The recent tragedies involving small children dying from heat strokes after being left in cars have sparked online discussions. Should parents be held legally accountable for leaving their children in a car? Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Ratfink (Australia) Penalties don't always work in cases like this. From a humanitarian viewpoint, losing a child in such a tragic manner will cause a lifetime of grief for the parents. However, there are times when a steep penalty is needed, in the case of wilful neglect for example.Ted (Canada) Here in Canada criminal charges are sometimes brought against negligent parents and they are sometimes convicted and sometimes imprisoned. This has been the case for as long as I've been alive (72. 5 years).Heir (The Philippines) No. The loss of a child is enough to bear. Instead, as a result of the first incidence of such an accidental death of a child, the government should instruct the mass media to educate all the parents by forewarning them of such possible tragedies. Also educate law enforcers to check parked vehicles for children inside and how to get them out even if they have to break the windshield or side door window to free a trapped child.Hail (Australia) Here in Australia we have accidents on farms from time to time where children are injured or killed. It is most often the case that the parents have been careless and this has resulted in their child's death but there is no sense in getting angry at them about it. These types of accidents are a tragedy and often the parents are in more need of counseling than punishment. I do not think that parents that cause a tragic accident through being careless should be charged with manslaughter.Earthcitizen (the US) It's about time parents were held more responsible for their lack of action. Too many times a child has drowned in a dam or at the beach, been run over in the driveway or on the road outside the house, been in a room many storeys up with insecure windows or left in the car to cook. Too many times people say "oh those poor parents". We need to start saying "Where were the parents?" There is NO EXCUSE for failed parenting. If I live in a property with water or dangerous equipment I never let my children out of my sight. If I am at a beach or lake I never let my children out of my sight and this also applies to the park, my own yard, etc. Children and accidents happen easily, but when it is because of the failure of the parents, they need to be held responsible.Team (France) I don't believe any prison sentence could be more tortuous to a parent who has forgotten his/her child than his/her own conscience. I don't think the threat of prison would deter any further instances of children dying in cars. Again, it is not an intentional act. People who had the misfortune of leaving their child in the car most likely did not intend to harm their child. What is needed is a proactive measure. The technology exists to implement security sensors in the back seat of a vehicle that would sound an alarm once the car door is opened, indicating that there is something in the back seat of a car—a package or a child. It can be as simple as a pressure sensor blanket installed under the fabric of the seat that activates as soon as it senses a measure of weight—say, that of a child. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

The West Lake is so beautiful place that it attracts thousands of tourists every year.

Five Common Mistakes in Conversation and Their Solutions I. Not listeningA. Problem: most people don't listen— wait eagerly for their turn to talk— only care for themselvesB. Solutions— Avoid【T1】______ question【T1】______— Probe into the question II. Asking too many questionsA Problems— conversation sounds like a(n)【T2】______【T2】______.— you don't have much to contribute B. Solution—【T3】______ questions with statements【T3】______III. Poor deliveryA Problems— speak too fast— speak in【T4】______【T4】______— speak unclear— speak without【T5】______【T5】______B. Solutions— Slow down— Speak loudly— Do not【T6】______.【T6】______— Don't use a【T7】______voice.【T7】______— Try to use pauses— Improve your【T8】______, e.g. posture, etc.【T8】______IV. Talking about a weird or【T9】______ topic【T9】______A Problems—talking about:— your bad health or relationships— your【T10】______job or boss, serial killers【T10】______—【T11】______that only you and some other guy understands【T11】______— about religion and【T12】______.【T12】______B. Solution: Avoid the above topicsV. Being boringA. Problem— clinging to one topic for too long and make people boredB. Solutions— lead an interesting life, and focus on【T13】______【T13】______— broaden your interest—【T14】______talk【T14】______— make the conversation feel more【T15】______【T15】______

Present production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 percent by 1956, or repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well.