French CultureFrench culture has been known for the resilience of its people and aesthetic sense in cinema, cuisine and fashion. There are seven aspects of French culture that can give people a taste of it. I. Cultural Identity A(n)【T1】_____ of diverse cultures【T1】______ Unique appeal: ethnicity, geography and the French language Historical influence: the Franco-Prussian feud, WWI and WWII 【T2】_____: Chauvinism【T2】______II. Customs and Traditions Regional differences: linguistic tradition,【T3】_____, fashion, etc.【T3】______ Renaissance:A【T4】_____: broad-mindedness【T4】______B. Family structure: nuclear family Cultural policies: preservation of French【T5】______【T5】______A. Secular and non-secular educational institutionsB. National museumsC.【T6】_____.【T6】______III. Language and Religion Language:A Follows a predetermined official "【T7】_____" standard【T7】______B. Widely spoken across the globe Religion:A. SecularB. Principle of "【T8】_____"【T8】______IV. Cuisine Haute cuisine Vital components:【T9】_____and wine【T9】______ Distinctive components: croissants and fruit yogurt Wines: Bordeaux,【T10】_____ and Bourgogne French wines【T10】______V. Sport National sport【T11】_____【T11】______ Popular sports: basketball, tennis and sailing Tour de France Grand Slam French Open Grand Prix racing, fencing, etc.VI. Fashion Dedicated couturier houses, fashion shows and dedicated media like "Elle" History:A. 1960s: youngsters criticized and【T12】_____ high fashion【T12】______B. 1966: mass【T13】_____【T13】______C. Post-1968: "hippy" lookD. 1970s and 80s: new trends establishedE. 1990s: French couture houses were【T14】_____【T14】______under luxury giants and multinationalsVII. Art Painting:A The Lascaux cave paintingsB. Nicolas Poussin, etc.: Immortalized【T15】_____ and French culture【T15】______ Music: folk, Latin American, hip hop, rock and techno-funk genres

Controlling Your Concentration I. The concerned information of concentrationA. Your attention span【T1】 1【T1】 2e.g. the ticking of a watch soundsas if it increases and fadesalthough the intensity of it is constantB. You pay attention to one thing at a time— a(n)【T2】 3: you attend to several concepts at a tune【T2】 4— In high concentration: the shift from focus of attention isa)of short【T3】 5【T3】 6b)【T4】 7【T4】 8C.【T5】 9 of your attention vary to different degrees【T5】 10— high level: long periods of attending: short distraction periods— low level: short periods of attending: long distraction periods— moderate level:【T6】 11【T6】 12e.g. One can't concentrate because【T7】 13 are too strong【T7】 14II. Two sorts of distractorsA. Psychological distractors—【T8】 15 are the most powerful distractors【T8】 16a)angry man forgets the painb)fearful man is hard to be happyc)anxious man is uneasy about the smallest of matters— people act【T9】 17 under pressure【T9】 18B.【T10】 19【T10】 20— traits: always present and rarely understood— physical distractors on mental tasksa)background music could affectcomprehension and【T11】 21【T11】 22b)distractors affect the ability to recall accuratelyc)【T12】 23 affects mental task adversely【T12】 24III. Routine and【T13】 25 are affected differently by distractors【T13】 26A. Distraction may not affect【T14】 27in some backgrounds【T14】 28B. Exceptional people do well under【T15】 29 because【T15】 30— motivation plays importantly— differences exist in individual spans of attention Controlling Your Concentration I. The concerned information of concentrationA. Your attention span【T1】 31【T1】 32e.g. the ticking of a watch soundsas if it increases and fadesalthough the intensity of it is constantB. You pay attention to one thing at a time— a(n)【T2】 33: you attend to several concepts at a tune【T2】 34— In high concentration: the shift from focus of attention isa)of short【T3】 35【T3】 36b)【T4】 37【T4】 38C.【T5】 39 of your attention vary to different degrees【T5】 40— high level: long periods of attending: short distraction periods— low level: short periods of attending: long distraction periods— moderate level:【T6】 41【T6】 42e.g. One can't concentrate because【T7】 43 are too strong【T7】 44II. Two sorts of distractorsA. Psychological distractors—【T8】 45 are the most powerful distractors【T8】 46a)angry man forgets the painb)fearful man is hard to be happyc)anxious man is uneasy about the smallest of matters— people act【T9】 47 under pressure【T9】 48B.【T10】 49【T10】 50— traits: always present and rarely understood— physical distractors on mental tasksa)background music could affectcomprehension and【T11】 51【T11】 52b)distractors affect the ability to recall accuratelyc)【T12】 53 affects mental task adversely【T12】 54III. Routine and【T13】 55 are affected differently by distractors【T13】 56A. Distraction may not affect【T14】 57in some backgrounds【T14】 58B. Exceptional people do well under【T15】 59 because【T15】 60— motivation plays importantly— differences exist in individual spans of attention

Conversational Skills People who usually make us feel comfortable in conversations are good talkers. And they have something in common, i.e. skills to put people at ease. I. Skill to ask questions1)Be aware of the【T1】______: readiness to answer other's【T1】______questions regardless of【T2】______:【T2】______2)Start a conversation with some personal but【T3】______ questions,【T3】______e.g. questions about one's【T4】______job,【T4】______questions about one's activities in the【T5】______:【T5】______3)Be able to spot signals for further talk.II. Skill to【T6】______for answers【T6】______1)Don't shift from subject to subject,— sticking to the same subject: signs of【T7】______ in【T7】______conversation:2)Listen to【T8】______ of voice,【T8】______— if people sound unenthusiastic, then【T9】______:【T9】______3)Use【T10】______,【T10】______— steady your gaze while listening. III. Skill to laughEffects of laughter— ease people's【T11】______:【T11】______— help start【T12】______.【T12】______IV. Skill to【T13】______【T13】______1)Importance: open up possibilities for future friendship or contact:2)Ways:— men: a smile, a【T14】______:【T14】______— women: same as【T15】______ now:【T15】______— how to express pleasure in meeting someone.

What Can We Learn from Art? I. IntroductionA. Difference between general history and art history —Focus:—general history:【T1】______.【T1】______—art history: political values, emotions,【T2】______, etc.【T2】______B. Significance of study—More information and better understanding of human【T3】______【T3】______II. Types of informationA. Information in history book is【T4】______【T4】______B. Information in art history is subjective—【T5】______ and opinions【T5】______e.g. —Spanish painter's works: misuse of【T6】______【T6】______—Mexican artists' works: attitudes toward social problems III. Art as a religious beliefA Europe:【T7】______ in pictures in churches【T7】______B. Middle East pictures of flowers and patterns in mosques, palacesReason: human and【T8】______ are not seen as holy【T8】______C. Africa and the Pacific Islands: masks, headdressesand【T9】______in special ceremonies【T9】______Purpose: to seek the help of【T10】______to protect crops, animalsand people【T10】______IV. Perceptions of ArtHow people see art is related to their cultural background. A Europeans and Americans-【T11】______【T11】______—expression of ideas B. People in other places —part of everyday life—【T12】______ use【T12】______V. Art as a reflection of social changesA. Cause of changes:【T13】______ of different cultures【T13】______—tribal people: effect of【T14】______ on art forms【T14】______—European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works—American and Canadian artists: study of【T15】______【T15】______

人群逐渐地安静下来。

爱对每个人而言始终重要，但是我们需要的爱不是简单的相伴和生物性的繁衍。不要把方式当成目标，不要让自己处在一个死角。时常在最喧嚣的场所想起张爱玲的“人生如同一件华丽的袍，上面爬满了虱子”这句话，似乎那才是对繁华最美好的诠释。人生没有长久，所以我们只能退而求其次选择彻底。在烟花还没有点燃前我们就知道最终会变成灰烬，但是假如不点燃烟花也就没有了存在的意义。

The following two excerpts are about whether parents of juvenile offenders should be held legally responsible for their children's crimes. From the excerpts, you can find that some people support this idea while others remain doubtful about it. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should; 1. summarize the different responses about legal obligations of parents whose children commit crimes, and then 2. express your opinion towards this issue, especially whether parents of juvenile offenders should be held legally responsible for their children's crimes. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Excerpt 1 Victim's Parents Speak of Parental Duty The father of Autumn Pasquale, who was strangled by a 15-year-old Clayton boy last fall, has sued the boy's parents saying they were negligent in supervising the teen and could have done more to prevent the tragedy. The suit, filed in Gloucester County Superior Court by Anthony Pasquale, claims Justin Robinson's parents Anita Saunders and Alonzo Robinson knew or should have known before Autumn's murder in October 2012 that their son was "possibly engaging in the theft of bicycles" , required remedial treatment for pre-existing emotional, psychological and neurodevelopmental problems, and had been negatively impacted by witnessing domestic abuse in the home. "If you're going to raise a murderer, you're going to take responsibility for it," said Kathleen Bonczyk, Anthony Pasquale's attorney for the civil complaint. The suit also seeks monetary compensation for pain, suffering and funeral expenses, as well as a chance to depose those involved to find out specifically what happened the day Autumn was killed, and learn more about how Justin was raised, Bonczyk said. News of the lawsuit—filed shortly after Justin Robinson was sentenced to 17 years in prison on a plea deal for aggravated manslaughter—has sparked a debate between readers on nj. com, who all seem to have differing opinions on whether Justin's parents should be held liable. Some people say that more parents of juvenile offenders should be held legally responsible for their children's crimes because it would send a message to parents that they have to raise kids right. One person points out the duty of being parents by saying "the apple doesn't fall far. Somebody should have disciplined these thieves and murderers a long time ago. It shouldn't take lawsuits to show people how to be parents. " Excerpt 2 Share the Responsibility in Educating Our Children The lawsuit of Autumn Pasquale raises concern about whether parents should be held accountable for their children's behavior. While some express condolences for the victim's family and wish them good luck in court, there are also other voices about this issue. For example, one parent says that children should develop their own individual responsibility earlier because children should be taught to be less dependent on their parents and on other elders in such a way that they learn to behave by themselves. He continues to argue that for a child, it is very common to commit mistakes. By this, parents should know how to resolve such situations and teach their children do the right thing. In this manner, children would be developing their responsibility. However, he adds "children usually have the attitude of authority aversion. At this point, children usually don't listen to their parents. And so, we can see how parents are not responsible for their children's discipline problems in school but their children themselves are. I just want to point out here that these children are in a certain school to learn and to be educated. By it, I mean that children are the only one that should be held responsible for their own actions. " Many other people express similar opinions by pointing out that it is almost impossible for parents to watch over their children all over the day. Besides, there are a lot of reasons for some parental responsibility failure such as the mothers' inability to reach out to their kids or the developmental or mental issues hidden inside the children. More sober voices also mention the responsibility of the school, the community and the society in educating our children.

How to Find Time for Yourself I. Introduction: ways to carve out your own timeA.【T1】 1: too busy【T1】 2B. Desire: some time for yourself II. Scheduling time for yourselfA. Evenings with yourself— saving certain【T2】 3just for you【T2】 4— doing whatever you want on those nightsB.【T3】 5【T3】 6C. Buying tickets【T4】 7【T4】 8— tickets for anything you enjoy: sports, concerts, etc.— scheduling the plans with a friend laterD. Leaving work on timeE. Joining a(n)【T5】 9【T5】 10F. Taking an adult education classG. Doing some exercise— deciding today— making it【T6】 11 tomorrow【T6】 12III. Keeping yourself on the goA. Commuting via【T7】 13transportation, using that time【T7】 14— for some reading or【T8】 15【T8】 16— for meditationB. Driving in your car— making the most of the time—【T9】 17you spend that time【T9】 18— changing "waiting time" into "【T10】 19"【T10】 20— doing reading, writing or entertainment items IV. Trying to be in synergyA. Two birds, one stoneB. Getting to work【T11】 21【T11】 22— getting exercise— using the time to think or enjoy musicC. Arriving early, using the time— for relaxation— for thinking, whateverD.【T12】 23【T12】 24— making a difference for others— escaping work and personal【T13】 25【T13】 26— growing as a personE. Taking a(n)【T14】 27job【T14】 28— making money— doing something you loveF. Having【T15】 29【T15】 30 How to Find Time for Yourself I. Introduction: ways to carve out your own timeA.【T1】 31: too busy【T1】 32B. Desire: some time for yourself II. Scheduling time for yourselfA. Evenings with yourself— saving certain【T2】 33just for you【T2】 34— doing whatever you want on those nightsB.【T3】 35【T3】 36C. Buying tickets【T4】 37【T4】 38— tickets for anything you enjoy: sports, concerts, etc.— scheduling the plans with a friend laterD. Leaving work on timeE. Joining a(n)【T5】 39【T5】 40F. Taking an adult education classG. Doing some exercise— deciding today— making it【T6】 41 tomorrow【T6】 42III. Keeping yourself on the goA. Commuting via【T7】 43transportation, using that time【T7】 44— for some reading or【T8】 45【T8】 46— for meditationB. Driving in your car— making the most of the time—【T9】 47you spend that time【T9】 48— changing "waiting time" into "【T10】 49"【T10】 50— doing reading, writing or entertainment items IV. Trying to be in synergyA. Two birds, one stoneB. Getting to work【T11】 51【T11】 52— getting exercise— using the time to think or enjoy musicC. Arriving early, using the time— for relaxation— for thinking, whateverD.【T12】 53【T12】 54— making a difference for others— escaping work and personal【T13】 55【T13】 56— growing as a personE. Taking a(n)【T14】 57job【T14】 58— making money— doing something you loveF. Having【T15】 59【T15】 60

Cable TV has experienced tremendous growth as an advertising medium because it has some important advantages. Aprimary one is selectivity. Cable subscribers tend to be younger,more fluent, and better educated than nonsubscribers and have【M1】______greater purchasing power. Moreover, the specialized programmingon the various cable networks reaches very general target markets.【M2】______ Many advertisers have turned to cable because of theopportunities it offers to narrowcasting, or reaching very【M3】______specialized markets. For example, MTV is used by advertisers in the United States and many other countries to reach teenagers and young adults. CNBC is now the worldwide leader in business news and reaches a highly educated and rich audience. ESPN hasbecome synonymous as sports and is very popular among【M4】______advertisers who want to target men of all ages. Advertisers are also interested in cable because of its low cost and flexibility. Advertising rates on cable programs are muchlower than that for the shows on the major networks. Advertising【M5】______time on network shows can cost two to three times as much on acost-per-thousand basis of in some time periods. 25 Spot【M6】______advertising is also considerately cheaper on most cable stations,【M7】______while local cable is most affordable television advertising vehicle【M8】______available. This makes TV a much more unviable media option for【M9】______smaller advertisers with limited budgets and those interested intargeting their commercials to a well-refined target audience. Also,【M10】______cable advertisers generally do not have to make the large up-front commitments, which may be as much as a year in advance, the networks require.

上海博物馆展出一件铜镜——“透光镜”，它是西汉时期的珍品，直径为11．5厘米。

No Englishman believes in working from book learning. He suspects everything new, and dislikes it, unless he can be compelled by the force of circumstances to see that this new thing has advantage over the old. Race-experience is what he invariably depends upon, when he can, (1)__________whether in India, in Egypt, or in Australia. His statesmen do not consult historic precedents in order to decide (2)__________what to do: they first learn the facts that they are; then they depend upon (3)__________their own common sense, not at all upon their university learning and upon (4)__________philosophical theories. And in case of the English nation, it must be (5)_________acknowledged that this instinctive method has been extremely successful. The last people from whom praise can be expected, even for what isworth of all praise, are the English. The Englishman all the time is (6)_________studying, considering, trying to find fault. Why should he try to find fault?So that he will not make any mistakes at a later day. He was inherited the (7)__________trouble caution of his ancestors in regards to mistakes. It must be granted (8)__________that his caution has saved him from a number of very serious mistakesthat other nations have made. It must also be acknowledged that he exercisesa fair amount of moderation in the opposite direction—this modernEnglishman; he has learned caution of other kind, which his ancestors (9)__________taught him. "Power should be used with moderation; for whoever findshimself among valiant men will discover that no man is superior than others." (10)_________

政府必须防止滥用权利的现象。

How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild com has ever been discovered.

但是比较起冬天来呢，我却又偏爱了秋。 是的，就是现在，我觉得现在正合了我的歌子的节奏。我几乎说不出秋比冬为什么更好，也许因为那枝头的几片黄叶，或是那篱畔的几朵残花，在那些上边，是比较冬天更显示了生命，不然，是在那些上面，更使我忆起了生命吧，一只黄叶，一片残英，那在联系着过去与将来吧。它们将更使人凝视，更使人沉思，更使人怀想及希冀一些关于生活的事吧。这样，人曾感到了真实的存在。 过去，现在，将来，世界是真实的，人生是真实的，一切都是真实的，所有的梦境，所有的幻想，都是无用的了，无用的事物都一幕幕地掣了过去，我们要向着人生静默，祈祷，来打算一些真实的事物了。 给了人更远的希望，向前的鞭策，意识到了生之实在的，而且给人以“沉着”的力量的，是这正在凋亡着的秋。我爱秋天，我对于这荒凉的秋天有如一位多年的朋友。

The American medical school is now well along in the secondcentury of its history. It began, but for many years continued to【S1】______exist, as a supplement for the apprenticeship system still in vogue【S2】______during the 17th and 18th centuries. The likely youth of this period,【S3】______destined to a medical career, was at an early age indentured to somereputable practitioner, whom his service was successively menial,【S4】______pharmaceutical, and professional; he ran his master's errands, washed the bottles, mixed the drugs, spread the plasters, andfinally, while the stipulated term drew toward its close, actually【S5】______took a part in the daily practice of his preceptor—bleeding his【S6】______patients, pulling their teeth, and obeying hurried summons in the night. The quality of the training varied within large limits with the capacity and conscientiousness of the master. Ambitious spiritssought, therefore, a more assured and inspired discipline.【S7】______Beginning early in the 18th century, having served their time athome, they resorted in rapidly increasing numbers in the hospitals【S8】______and lecture halls of Leyden, Paris, London, and Edinburgh. The difficulty of the undertaking proved admirably selective; for the students who crossed the Atlantic gave a good account ofthemselves. Return to their native land, they sought opportunities to【S9】______share with their less fortunate or less adventurous fellows the rich experience gained as they "walked the hospitals" of the old world. The voices of the great masters of that day thus reechoed in the recent western wilderness. High scientific and professional idealsimpelled the youthful enthusiasts, who bore their lighting torches【S10】______safely back across the waters.

Body Language in BusinessI. Importance of Body Language— Give others a(n)【T1】_____【T1】______— Show our【T2】_____【T2】______— Find out what others really meanII. Five Types of Body Languages ExplainedA. Posture— Natural alignment of head and body— Showing how one will【T3】_____ a situation【T3】______a. Posture of shoulders, arms, head and fists when standing showswhether you're ready for or【T4】_____ a task.【T4】______b. Feet show whether your are extrovert or notB. Space— Taking up more space looks more【T5】_____【T5】______a. Standing > sittingb. Moving around: others might feel【T6】_____【T6】______c. Sitting:【T7】_____; arms at the side of the chair【T7】______d. Stand up over the phoneC.【T8】_____【T8】______— Holding one's chin or scratching one's face shows one has【T9】_____【T9】______— Cue to offer solutions D. Facial expression— Smile: feel【T10】_____【T10】______— Frown:【T11】_____ or unsure of something【T11】______— Get messages across with right facial expression E. Eye contact— Maintaining eye contact an impression of confidence and【T12】_____【T12】______— Little eye contact dislike, nervous, shy, or feel【T13】_____ to you【T13】______— Non-stop eye contact: stressful— Wearing sunglasses: uncomfortable; attempts to hide one's【T14】_____【T14】______—【T15】_____: easier to be understood; confident【T15】______

Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that have always had a completely female medical staff.