单选题According to the passage, the word "Nowcast" (paragraph 3) means_____.

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题The first sentence in the passage suggests that the observers mentioned in line I would be most likely to. predict which of the followings?

单选题Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.

单选题{{B}}TEXT E{{/B}} The need for solar electricity is clear. It is safe, ecologically sound, efficient, continuously available, and it has no moving parts. The basic problem with the use of solar photo-voltaic devices is economic, but until recently very little progress has been made toward the development of low-cost photo-voltaic devices. The larger part of the research funding has been devoted to study of single-crystal silicon solar cells, despite the evidence, including that of the leading manufacturers of crystalline silicon, that the technique holds little promise. The reason for this pattern is understandable and historical. Crystalline silicon is the active element in the very successful semiconductor industry, and virtually all of the solid state devices contain silicon transistors and diodes. Crystalline silicon, however, is particularly unsuitable to terrestrial solar cells. Crystalline silicon solar cells work well and are successfully used in the space program, where cost is not an issue. While single-crystal silicon had been proven in extraterrestrial use with efficiencies as high as 18 percent, and other more expensive and scarce materials such as gallium arsenide can have even higher efficiencies, costs must be reduced by a factor of more than 100 to make them practical for commercial use. Besides the fact that the starting crystalline silicon is expensive, 95 percent of it is wasted and does not appear in the final device. Recently, there have been some imaginative attempts to make polycrystalline and ribbon silicon, which are lower in cost than high-quality single-crystals; but to date the efficiencies of these apparently lower-cost arrays have been unacceptably small. Moreover, these materials are cheaper only because of the introduction of disordering in crystalline semiconductors, and disorder degrades the efficiencies of crystalline solar cells. This dilemma can be avoided by preparing completely disordered or amorphous materials. Amorphous materials have disordered atomic structure as compared to crystalline materials; that is, they have only short-range order rather than the long-range periodicity of crystals. The advantages of amorphous solar ceils are impressive. Whereas crystals can be grown as wafers about four inches in diameter, amorphous materials can be grown over large areas in a single process, whereas crystalline silicon must be made 200 micron of the proper amorphous materials in necessary. Crystalline silicon solar cells cost in excess of $ 100 per square foot, but amorphous films can be created at a cost of about 50 cents per square foot. Although many scientists were aware of the very low cost of amorphous solar cells, they felt that they could never be manufactured with the efficiencies necessary to contribute significantly to the demand for electric power. This was based on a misconception about the feature which determines efficiency. For example, it is not the conductivity of the material in the dark which is relevant, but only the photo-conductivity, that is, the conductivity in the presence of sunlight. Already, solar cells with efficiencies well above 6 percent have been developed using amorphous materials, and further research will doubtlessly find even less costly amorphous materials with higher efficiencies. (499)

单选题{{B}}TEXT C{{/B}} American economists once spoofed university education as the only industry in which those who consume its product do not purchase it; those who produce it do not sell it, and those who finance it do not control it. That apt description, made in the 1970s, has been undermined since then by the emergence of the first for-profit universities in the United States. Controlled by entrepreneurs, these schools which number about 700 and counting sell a practical education to career-minded students and make a good buck doing it. They are now expanding abroad, creating the first multinational corporations in a sector long suspicious of balance sheets. The companies are lured by a booming market in which capitalist competition is still scarce. The number of university students is expected to double in the next 25 years to 170 million worldwide. Demand greatly exceeds supply, because the 1990s saw massive global investment in primary and secondary schools, but not in universities. The number of children enrolled in primary or secondary schools rose by 18 percent around the world—more than twice the rate of increase in any previous decade. Now these kids are often graduating from high school to find no openings in national universities, which nevertheless don't welcome for-profit competition. The Brazilian university teachers' union warned that foreign corporations would turn higher education into "a diploma industry". Critics raised the specter of declining quality and a loss of Brazil's "sovereign control" over education. For-profit universities met with similar suspicion when they first opened in the United States. By the 1980s they were regularly accused of offering substandard education and had to fight for acceptance and respect. Lately, they have flourished by catering to older students who aren't looking for keg parties, just a shortcut to a better career. For-profit colleges now attract 8 percent of four-year students in the United States, up from 3 percent a decade ago. By cutting out frills, including sports teams, student centers and summer vacation, these schools can operate with profit margins of 20 to 30 percent. In some countries, the American companies operate as they do at home. Apollo found an easy fit in Brazil, where few universities have dorms, students often take off time between high school and college, and there's no summer vacation—just two breaks in July and December. In other Latin countries, Sylvan has taken a different approach, buying traditional residential colleges like the Universidad del Valle de Mexico (UVM). It has boosted enrollment by adding and heavily advertising courses in career-track fields like business and engineering, and adding no-frills satellite campuses. Sensitive to the potential hostility against foreign buyers, Sylvan keeps original school names, adding its own brand, Sylvan International Universities, to publicity materials, and keeps tuition in line with local private schools. Most of the schools that Sylvan has purchased were managed by for-profits to begin with, including the prestigious Les Roches Hotel Management School in Switzerland. But in general, Says Urdan, Sylvan's targets "have not been run with world-class business practices. They're not distressed, but there's an opportunity for them to be better managed." When Sylvan paid $ 50 million for a controlling stake in UVM two years ago, the school had revenues of about $ 80 million and an enrollment of 32,000. The success of the for-profits is nothing to be afraid of, says World Bank education expert Jamil Salmi: "I don't think they will replace traditional universities, but they can push some more traditional providers to be more innovative and more attentive to the needs of the labor market." Some students at Sylvan schools in Latin America welcome the foreign invasion. At the Universidad de las Americas in Santiago, Daniels Villagrán says friends tease her for studying at "Yankeeland," but she figures Sylvan connections "will give me an edge when I go out to look for a job. "The emphasis on independent thought is what separates UVM from other institutions in Mexico. And, for better or worse, more American schools are on the way.

单选题The first president in U. S. history who resigned because of a scandal is ______.A. WilsonB. NixonC. JacksonD. Kennedy

单选题How do they have examinations?

单选题{{I}}Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview with a chief-editor. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the interview.{{/I}}

单选题In accordance with the mission it has set itself to further the development of sport, the International Olympic Committee strives to promote women's participation in sports activities in the Olympic Games. Sport, whether competition sport or sport for all, has become a social force with a major impact on the structure of society and the condition of women. In all countries, the message and values communicated by sport, through its regulatory bodies, reach a substantial part of the population regardless of social class. Because of this, sport is a tremendous medium of communication and emancipation which has to a certain extent helped to build women's awareness and hence their role in society. And it is worth stressing that by engaging in activities which are by definition dosed to them， women can overturn social preconceptions and reassert their identity. Engaging in sport enriches women in terms of communication, feelings and sociability. It is certainly true that this process is largely determined by the position of women within a given society, and that they are still under-represented in countries where cultural and religious traditions limit their advancement. However, we will see more and more women choosing to take up a sport, whether this means breaking with the norms of their society or staying within them. Regardless of the path chosen, these women will become role models for many of their peers who see their actions as a contribution, however small, to their emancipation. The Olympic Movement is firmly convinced of the need to encourage sports practice among women, and is working to that end, at the same time taking cultural specifics into account and accommodating them. Women must also play a greater part in decision making. It is our task to facilitate access for women to leadership positions within national and world sport, as it is through them that these ideas can be passed on to future generations, since women are still the privileged interlocutors for education in the broadest sense of the term. Historically, and although the 1896 Olympic Games were not opened to women, they were already taking part in physical activities in the ancient times, and particularly in the competitions of the Her Games, staged specifically for them. Historical documents also show that Roman women were engaged in horse-riding and swimming. During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, women put leisure activities aside, as did men. But the following centuries were marked by renewed interest, until at the end of the nineteenth century women became more involved in sports activities by establishing their own clubs and taking up new sports. Women's first participation in the Olympic Games goes back to 1900 when they took part in the tennis and golf events and in an increasing number of other sports in following years. We are pleased to see that Coubertin's reservations did not prevent women from participating nor did it stop them from organizing their own Women's Olympiad at Monaco in 1921 on the initiative Alice Milliat, the great champion of women's rights in European sport. More generally since the 1970s, we have seen a rising awareness of the contribution of sport to well-being and in particular to that of women. Women's sports associations and clubs have made their appearance mostly in the developed countries but also in developing ones. Thanks to the efforts of women and their struggle for equality, women's competitive sport has gained full recognition. As a result, women today took part in the Games of the XXVI Olympiad in the United States of America, in 1996, with a program of 21 sports, and 108 events, including 11 mixed events, and will compete in six sports and 31 events, including 2 mixed events, in the XVIII Olympic Winter Games in Nagano, Japan, in 1998. It was also with the aim of promoting women's sport that the IOC decided tall sports seeking inclusion in the Olympic program must include women's events.

单选题Pragmatics is different from other linguistic branches because ______ get involved in it. A. listeners B. speakers C. followers D. grammars

单选题The concern throughout the world in 1988 for those three whales that were locked in the Arctic ice was dramatic proof that whales, several species of which face extinction, have become subjects of considerable sympathy. These are the recorded voices of whales. These monstrous creatures have been trumpeting their songs, one to another, in the world's Oceans since the dawn of time, while overhead, great empires and civilizations have come and gone. Now, their time of decline has .come. It began a long time ago. Four-thousand-year-old rock carvings show that the people who lived in what is now Norway were probably the first to seek out and kill whales in the sea. By around 890 AD, 3,000 years later, the practice had spread to the Basque people of France and Spain, who hunted whales from boats in the Bay of Biscay. In the centuries that followed, Whaling became an important industry in Denmark, England, Germany, the Netherlands, and, finally, in what would become America. Whaling went into dramatic decline, beginning around 1900. Today, whales are hunted commercially only by Norway, Iceland and Japan. The world's fascination with them, however, is at an all-time high, because so few of them are left, given their tragic history. Richard Ellis writes about whales, takes pictures of whales in the open sea, and sketches whales stranded on the beach. He says it's a 20-year obsession that began in the mid-1960s, when he designed a model of a great blue for the Museum of Natural History in New York "As I began to do the research, I realized that nobody knew anything about whales. And I couldn't really find any pictures of what they looked like: all I could find was pictures of dead whales. And I became very excited at the prospect of doing what seemed to be original research on something that was so peculiar, which was the largest animal that has ever lived on earth." So large, he discovered that the largest dinosaur weighed only half as much as the female blue whale. As he continued his research, he boarded scientific vessels, dove with whales in the Pacific, and even watched whales die at the hands of modern explosive-tipped harpoons. His sketches appeared in magazines and encyclopedias and at the center of what was then the beginning of a movement to save the whales. "I was one of those people who used to stand on street comers and ask for people to sign petitions, which at that time were directed towards the Japanese and the Soviets. Because in that period of time, late 60s and early 70s, the Japanese and the Soviets were killing tens of thousands of sperm, particularly in the North Pacific. And we thought that getting the world's opinion on paper would make them say, 'Oh look, all these people don't like what we are doing. We will stop.' Well, of course, they didn't stop." Not at first, commercial whaling peaked in the mid-1960s, with more than 60,000 whales killed each year. The International Whaling Commission, a group of member nations aimed at regulating the industry, began to make recommendations to end commercial whaling entirely. Why kill whales for soap, or fuel or paints and varnishes, even margarine, if we had substitutes for all those products? The seemingly senseless slaughter focused the world's attention on the whale and consequently the International Whaling Commission or IWC. "And since it's said nowhere in the constitution of the IWC that you had to be whaling nation to join, you have countries like Kenya and the Seychelles. Switzerland is a member of the 1WC, a country not known for its whaling history. Countries joined because they felt that this was something that needed to be done. " By 1986, the Commission had passed a moratorium on commercial whaling. But since the organization had no enforcement powers, it could and can not impose sanctions on violators. Only a few nations, Japan, Iceland, and Norway, continue to hunt whales commercially. Richard Ellis says there is something magical about this animal caught in the net of life and time, and we must continue to fight to preserve it, because in the end we are really protecting a small part of ourselves and our earth.

单选题If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind is ______ famous verse.

单选题 1　　Our heritage and our culture have caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving goodbye is the way to summon a Filipino to one's side, or that in Italy curling the finger in a beckoning motion is a gesture of farewell.2　　Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after W. W. II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that GIFT means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm's length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.3　　Our linguistic and cultural nearsightedness and the casualness with which we take notice—when we do—of the developed tastes, mannerisms, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.4　　Even here in the U. S. , we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guide tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual bank clerks and policemen are rare.5　　When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the more affluent—who speak English. Our business, as well as the nation's diplomacy, dealings are conducted through interpreters.6　　For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the world, the dispenser of the needed funds and commodities, the peacemaker, the "top banana" in the global cast. But all that is past. We are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing.

单选题Human language can cope with any subject whatever, and it does not matter how far away the topic of conversation is in time and space. Which design feature of language does this phenomenon refer to?

单选题What does "hinny" mean in Newcastle?

单选题Which American university is with the longest history? A. Yale. B. Oxford. C. Harvard. D. Stanford.

单选题The train was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to prove that plains of Texas were pouring eastward. Vast fiats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the horizon, a precipice. A newly married pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man's face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that his brick-coloured hands were constantly performing in a most conscious fashion. From time to time he looked down respectfully at his attire. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barber's shop. The glances he devoted to other passengers were furtive and shy. The bride was not pretty, nor was she very young. She wore a dress of blue cashmere, with small reservations of velvet here and there, and with steel buttons abounding. She continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves, very stiff, and high. They embarrassed her. It was quite apparent that she had cooked, and that she expected to cook, dutifully. The blushes caused by the careless scrutiny of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see upon this plain, under-class countenance, which was drawn in placid, almost emotionless lines. They were evidently very happy. "Ever been in a parlor-car before?" he asked, smiling with delight. "No," she answered; "I never was. It's fine, ain't it?" "Great! And then after a while we'll go forward to the dinner, and get a big lay-out. Fresh meal in the world. Charge a dollar. " "Oh, do they?" cried the bride. "Charge a dollar? Why, that's too much — for us — ain't it, Jack?" "Nor this trip, anyhow," he answered bravely. "We're going to go the whole thing. " Later he explained to her about the trains. "You see, it's a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other; and this runs right across it, and never stops but four times. " He had the pride of an owner. He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach; and in truth her eyes opened wider and she contemplated the sea-green figured velvet, the shining brass, silver, and glass, the wood that gleamed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil. At one end a bronze figure sturdily held a support for a separated chamber, and at convenient places on the ceiling were frescos in olive and silver. To the minds of the pair, their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that morning in San Antonio: this was the environment of their new estate; and the man's face in particular beamed with an elation that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter. This individual at times surveyed them from afar with an amused and superior grin. On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it exactly plain to them that they were being bullied. He subtly used all the manners of the most unconquerable kind of snobbery. He oppressed them. But of this oppression they had small knowledge, and they speedily forgot that infrequently a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive enjoyment. Historically there was supposed to be something infinitely humorous in their situation. "We are due in Yellow Sky at 3:42," he said, looking tenderly into her eyes. "Oh, are we?" she said, as if she had not been aware of it. To evince (表现出) surprise at her husband's statement was part of her wifely amiability. She took from a pocket a little silver watch: and as she held it before her, and stared at it with a frown of attention, the new husband's face shone. "I bought it in San Anton' from a friend of mine," he told her gleefully. "It's seventeen minutes past twelve," she said, looking up at him with a kind of shy and clumsy coquetry (调情; 卖俏). A passenger, noting this play, grew excessively sardonic, and winked at himself in one of the numerous mirrors. At last they went to the dining-car. Two rows of Negro waiters, in glowing white suits, surveyed their entrance with the interest, and also the equanimity (平静), of men who had been forewarned. The pair fell to the lot of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly pilot, his countenance radiant with benevolence. The patronage, entwined with the ordinary deference, was not plain to them. And yet, as they returned to their coach, they showed in their faces a sense of escape.

单选题The distinction between free morpheme and bound morpheme is whether morphemes can be other morphemes.

单选题The United States produces as much as half of the world's ______. A.wheat and rice B.soybeans and corn C.tobacco and vegetable oil D.cotton