单选题Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctors of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph.D.s. Some have placed the dropouts' loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless. The dropouts rate was found to be 31 percent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph.D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates. Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated "because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph.D. programs were capable of completing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph.D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D." "The results of our research" Dr. Tucker concluded, "did not support these opinions." Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialties. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation. Nearly 75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph.D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 percent. As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving ＄20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph.D. s with that background reached this figure. The Ph.D. s shone in the ＄7,500 to ＄15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph.D.s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields. As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.

单选题When was the latest referendum on Quebec's future held in Canada?

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题To ease restrictions imposed on Palestinians living in the West Bank, Israel plans to ______. A. remove road blocks B. allow more Palestinians to travel to Israel C. remove trade barriers D. provide food for Palestinian refugees

单选题Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news.

单选题The number of complaint against judges has increased substantially for_____.

单选题The 3rd generation of programming language shares all the following characteristics EXCEPT ______.

单选题The word "offend" originally meant to strike against, but now the word signifies to create or excite anger. This is an example of ______.

单选题The word "baby" in "... Mr. Annan's baby was reduced to a skeleton" refers to ______.

单选题The Gift of the Magi was written by

单选题Question10isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.

单选题{{B}}TEXT B{{/B}} The most damning thing that can be said about the world's best-endowed and richest country is that it is not only not the leader in health status, but that it is so low in the ranks of the nations. The United States ranks 18th among nations of the world in male life expectancy at birth, 9th in female life expectancy at birth, and 12th in infant mortality. More importantly, huge variations are evident in health status in the United States from one place to the next and from one group to the next. The forces that affect health can be divided into four groupings that led themselves to analysis of all health problems. Clearly the largest group of forces resides in the person's environment. Behavior, in part derived from experiences with the environment, is the next greatest force affecting health. Medical care services, treated as separate from other environmental factors because of the special interest we have in them, make a modest contribution to health status. Finally, the contributions of heredity to health are difficult to judge. No other country spends what we do per capita for medical care. The care available is among the best technically, even if used too freely and thus dangerously. Given the evidence that medical care is not that valuable and access to care not that bad, it seems most unlikely that our bad showing is caused by the significant proportion who are poorly served. Other hypotheses have greater explanatory power: excessive poverty, both actual and relative, and excessive wealth. Excessive poverty is probably more prevalent in the U.S. than in any of the countries that have a better infant mortality rate and female life expectancy at birth. This is probably true also for all but four or five of the countries with a longer male life Expectancy. In the notably poor countries that exceed us in male survival, difficult living conditions are a more accepted way of life and in several of them, a good basic diet, basic medical care and basic education, and lifelong employment opportunities are an everyday fact of life. In the U.S. a national unemployment level of 10 percent may be 40 percent in the ghetto while less than 4 percent elsewhere. The countries that have surpassed us in health do not have such severe problems. Nor are such a high proportion of their people involved in them. Excessive wealth is not so obvious a cause of iii health, but, at least until recently, few other nations could afford such unhealthful ways of living. Excessive intake of animal protein and fats, and use of tobacco and drugs, and dangerous recreational sports and driving habits are all possible only when one is wealthy. Our heritage, desires, and opportunities, combined with the relatively low cost of bad foods and speedy vehicles, make us particularly vulnerable. Our unacceptable health status, then, will not he improved appreciably by expanded medical resources nor by their redistribution so much as by a general attempt to improve the quality of life for all. (506 words)

单选题In the ______ century, the idea that beneath the differences all languages are essentially the same in nature surfaced again.

单选题According to reports in major news outlets, a study published last week included a startling discovery: the nation's Jewish population is in shrinking. The study, the National Jewish Population Survey, found 5.2 million Jews living in the United States in 2000, a drop of 5 percent, or 300,000 people, since a similar study in 1990．What's truly startling is that the reported decline is not true. Worse still, the sponsor of the $6 million study, United Jewish Communities, knows it. Both it and the authors have openly admitted their doubts. They have acknowledged in interviews that the population totals for 2000 and 1990 were reached by different methods and are not directly comparable. The survey itself also cautions readers, in a dauntingly technical appendix, that judgment calls by the researchers may have led to an undercount. When the research director and project director were asked whether the data should be construed to indicate a declining Jewish population, they flatly answered no. In addition, other survey researchers interviewed pointed to other studies with population estimates as high as 6.7 million. Despite all this, the two figures—5.2 million now, 5.5 million then—are listed by side in the survey, leaving the impression that the population has shrunk. The result, predictably, has been a rash of headlines trumpeting the illusionary decline, in turn touching off jeremiads by rabbis and. moralists condemning the religious laxity behind it. Whether out of ideology, ego, incompetence or a combination of all three, the respected charity has invented a crisis. United Jewish Communities is the coordinating body for a national network of Jewish philanthropies with combined budgets of $2 billion. Its population surveys carry huge weight in shaping community policy. This is not the first time the survey has set off a false alarm. The last one, conducted by a predecessor organization, found that 52 percent of American Jews who married between 1985 and 1990 did so outside the faith. That number was a fabrication produced by including marriages in which neither party was Jewish by anyone's definition, including the researchers. Its publication created a huge stir, inspiring anguished sermons, books and conferences. It put liberals on the defensive, emboldened conservatives who reject full integration into society and alienated ordinary folks by the increasingly xenophobic tone of Jewish communal culture. The new survey, to its credit, retracts that figure and offers the latest survey has spawned a panic created by the last one. So why did the organization flawed figures once again? Some scholars who have studied the survey believe the motivation then came partly out of a desire to shock straying Jews into greater observance. It's too early to tell if that's the case this time around. What is clear is the researchers did their job with little regard to how their data could be misconstrued. They used statistical models and question formats that, while internally sound, made the new survey incompatible with the previous one. For example, this time the researchers divided the population of 5.2 million into two groups—"highly involved" Jews and "people of Jewish background" — and posed most questions only to the first group. As a result, most findings about belief and observance refer only to a subgroup of American Jews, making comparisons to the past impossible. We can't afford to wait a decade before these figures are revised. The false population decline must be corrected before it further sours communal discourse. The United Jewish Communities owes it to itself and its public to step forward and state plainly what it knows to be true: American Jews are not disappearing.

单选题The attacks in London have made Americans ______. A. sorrowful B. hateful C. alert D. regretful

单选题Which of the following lines is NOT quoted from Percy Bysshe Shelley's Ode to the West Wind?A. "Wild sprit, which art moving everywhere;"B. "Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear;"C. "Fled is that music: Do I wake or sleep?"D. "If the winter comes, can Spring be far behind?/

单选题According to the passage, the primary benefit of the new research is that ______.

单选题Sometimes, medical science makes breakthroughs that almost no-one sees coming. Other times, it just seems to catch up with what ordinary people have known intuitively for generations. Though the latest finding from the University of New South Wales falls into the second category, that doesn"t diminish its significance. Having pored over thousands of pages of data, researchers are now all but convinced that by exercising their brains people can substantially reduce their risk of dementia (痴呆). Scientists have conducted several hundred studies of the theory that brain reserve—the effect of formal education and mentally challenging work and leisure pursuits—may, through some mechanism not fully understood, protect people against dementia. Aware that the studies had tossed up contradictory results, University of N.S.W. neuroscientist Michael Valenzuela and colleague Perminder Sachdev last year conducted the first systematic review of research on brain reserve. Having integrated data from 22 studies of possible links between people"s behavior and their subsequent brain health, the pair bring down their verdict in a paper about to be published in British journal Psychological Medicine. In short, they say, people with high brain reserve have almost half as much risk of developing dementia as those with low brain reserve. In one sense the brain appears to be no different from the muscles of the body, says Valenzuela: "It"s a case of use it or lose it." Prevention is crucial with dementia, as medicines do no more than alleviate the symptoms for the 200,000 sufferers in Australia and New Zealand. The most common type of dementia, Alzheimer"s Disease, is characterized by the spread of sticky plaques (斑块) and clumps of tangled fiber that disrupt communication between brain cells. Gradually robbing people of their memory, personality and eventually all cognitive function, it typically kills within 5 to 10 years. While most experts presume that aerobic exercise protects people from dementia by maintaining good blood flow to the brain, how mental exercise could help is still a puzzle. "There are a lot of theories," says Valenzuela, "but it"s very difficult to pinpoint a single neurobiological characteristic that distinguishes people with high brain reserve from those with low brain reserve. I think that"s been part of the problem: we"ve been looking for a magic bullet." Instead, Valenzuela assumes that mental activity alters the central nervous system in different ways at various levels. Research on mice, he says, shows that a highly stimulating environment increases both the production of new brain and nerve cells and the density of blood vessels around them. A few years ago, Valenzuela headed a project in which a group of elderly Sydney residents had their brains analyzed before and after five weeks of memory training. Investigators found that the exercises induced biochemical changes that were the opposite of what occurs when Alzheimer"s takes hold. That finding still excites Valenzuela because it suggests that even those people who"ve had their minds in low gear for most of their lives can compensate with a late burst of effort. "It seems you can make up for whatever education or job history you may have," he says. "You"re not locked into some dementia destiny." But there"s much we still don"t know about the relationship between brain reserve and dementia. No one can yet say for sure whether an elderly person"s disinclination to mental exercise is a cause or a symptom of the disease. There"s also uncertainty about whether high brain reserve helps prevent Alzheimer"s plaques and tangles from forming, or whether it minimizes their impact or both. It"s possible that high brain reserve fosters unusually sturdy neurons (神经细胞) that allow the brain to carry on as usual despite the presence of plaques. Autopsies of Alzheimer"s sufferers confirm no neat correlation between the extent of plaques and tangling and the severity of symptoms. "After almost 100 years of research," says Valenzuela, "we still don"t understand the fundamental link between the neurobiological changes and the expression of disease."

单选题The second largest country in the world is______.

单选题GeneralDavidPetraeusis______aboutthepastandthefuturecoordinatedoperations.A.positiveB.skepticalC.negativeD.outraged