单选题 {{B}}Anti-Burslar Guns{{/B}} This gun practice should please both pro- and anti- gun control parties. A major, and legitimate, defense of gun ownership is to protect against burglars. The best anti-burglar gun is a double barrelled shotgun loaded with medium size shot, not a hand gun. A shotgun is much easier to aim accurately than a hand gun. It is more intimidating than a hand gun because of its size. It is less likely to actually kill the burglar so there is less inhibition about actually firing it. It is less likely to be stolen by a burglar during your absence because it cannot easily be hidden by him and for the same reason it is not useful to a street robber. A long gun is much less likely to be played with by children than a hand gun because of its size and weight. (To safety a hand gun by locking it up makes it slow to access if there is a real burglar, while a loaded shotgun can safely be kept by the head of your bed. )The mechanism is simpler so it is less likely than a hand gun, particularly an automatic, to jam after a long period of storage. Its pellets will not punch through a wall and hit someone in the next room or the next house. A long gun is also less tempting than a concealed weapon to carry it into bars or elsewhere where a fight may develop and tempt you to use it. A concealed hand gun is of no help if you are confronted in the street by a robber pointing a gun at you; you have no time to get yours out and he will shoot you if he thinks you are trying. (If you are a policeman you may be in a position to draw first so hand guns are appropriate for police officers.) As a separate matter, I suggest the following practice to inhibit children from playing with either long guns or hand guns. Tie a loop of cotton thread through the trigger guard. Anchor the loop to the wall or to the inside of the drawer with adhesive tape or cement. Show the anchored gun to the children and warn them of the consequences to them if that loop is broken. To prevent an aggressive child from replacing the loop after playing with the gun, use a colored thread and lock up the spool so you can replace the loop yourself. When you want the gun yourself, just take it and the thread will break.

单选题What is the main idea of last two paragraphs?

单选题______ is considered as America' s unique contribution to music. A. Rock and Role B. Jazz C. Western and country music D. Blues

单选题To visualize oneself is to ______.

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单选题The economy of Ireland has been traditionally agricultural, but since ______ the country's industrial base has expanded.A. the mid-1950s B. the mid-1960sC. the 1970s D. the 1980s

单选题Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called[A] transformational rules.[B] generative rules.[C] phrase structure rules.[D] X-bar theory.

单选题The 18a century witnessed a new literary form- the modem English novel, which contrary to the medieval romance, gives a______presentation of life of the common people.

单选题Herman Melville was famous for his______.

单选题{{B}}TEXT D{{/B}} A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending. If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow must people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes—he would probably answer: those with declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947 -1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending arc not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. "In a few months," she said, "we'll have to pay more for meat and milk; we'll have less to spend on other things." Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer's resistance may be evoked. This is shown by the following typical comment:" I just don't pay these prices; they are too high." Traditional assumptions should be investigated carefully, and factors of time and place should be considered. The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conducive to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people have become accustomed to consider them "right" and expect them to remain stable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices with occasional sales or discounts is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.

单选题{{I}} Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.{{/I}}

单选题According to this text how did critics respond to the movie?

单选题"…the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined" in the third paragraph means that ______.

单选题The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because ______.

单选题 In recent years, we have all watched the increasing commercialization of the campus. The numerous ad vertising posters and the golden arches of fast food outlets may be an affront to our aesthetic sensibilities, but they are, arguably, no worse than ugly. Some of the other new features of commercialized campus life do, however, constitute a serious threat to things we rightly revere. "Privatization" and the "business model" are the potential menace. What do these notions mean? To me, they involve an increased dependence on industry and philanthropy for operating tile university; an increased amount of our resources being directed to applied or so-called practical subjects, both in teaching and in research; a proprietary treatment of research results, with the commercial interest in secrecy overriding the public's interest in free, shared knowledge; and an attempt to run the university more like a business that treats industry and students as clients and ourselves as service providers with something to sell. We pay increasing attention to the immediate needs and demands of our" customers "and, as the old saw goes, "the customer is always right." Privatization is particularly frightening from the point of view of public well being. A researcher employed by a university-affiliated hospital in Canada, working under contract with a pharmaceutical company, made public her findings that a particular drug was harmful. This violated the terms of her contract, and so she was fired. Her dismissal caused a scandal, and she was subsequently reinstated. The university and hospital in question are now working out something akin to tenure for hospital-based researchers and guidelines for contracts, so that more public disclosure of privately funded research will become possible. This is a rare victory and a small step in the right direction, but the general trend is the other way. Thanks to profit-driven private funding, researchers are not only forced to keep valuable information secret, they are often contractually obliged to keep discovered dangers to public health under wraps, too. Of course, we must not be too naive about this. Governments can unwisely insist on secrecy, too, as did the British Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food in the work they funded in connection with the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic. This prevented others from reviewing the relevant data and pointing out that problems were more serious than government was letting on. A recent study found that more than one-third of recently published articles produced by University of Massachusetts scientists had one or more authors who stood to make money from the results they were reporting. That is, they were patent holders, or had some relationship, for example, as board members, to a company that would exploit the results. The financial interests of these authors were not mentioned in the publications. If patents are needed to protect public knowledge from private claims, then simply have the publicly funded patent holders put their patents in the public domain or charge no fee for use. Even philanthropic groups can sometimes do skew research and teaching. The Templeton Foundation, for example, offers awards to those who offer courses on science and religion. I teach such a course myself and feel the temptation to seek one of their awards. It seems innocent enough; after all, I am already teaching the course and they are not telling me what I have to believe. Moreover, they will put $ 5000 in my pocket and give another $ 5000 to my chronically underfunded department. Everybody wins, so why say no.?

单选题Who was the first English king to bring all Ireland under English control?'[A] Henry Ⅱ.[B] Henry Ⅲ.[C] Henry ⅥⅡ.[D] James Ⅱ.

单选题After taking a brief hiatus to weather the recession, an invasion of Britain by some of America's best- known retail brands—including Best Buy, Banana Republic and Forever 21--is back on the march. And early reports from the front line in the land of shopkeepers indicate that, unlike with earlier attempts by U.S. retailers to break Britain, British consumers are welcoming the invaders with open arms—and wallets. That's not always been the case. While the British public has long had an appetite for American fast- food vendors, the record of U.S. retailers who have tried to make it big in Britain is mixed. But the latest arrivals enter the market as already established brands with built-in consumer awareness, thanks to the dominance of U.S. culture in media and online. And they satisfy British shoppers' desire for "something new," says analyst Natalie Berg, of London-based consultants Planet Retail. "They all bring a cult aspect" to the U.K. high street. Best Buy—America's largest consumer-electronics chain—kicked off the latest rush into the British market in May, when it opened its first-ever U.K. store. The 4,650-sq-m big-box outlet in the London suburb of Thurrock is the first of eight to 10 stores Best Buy expects to open in the country this year. And it has proved an impressive beachhead: in terms of sales volume, that first weekend was the chain's biggest opening weekend in its 27-year history. For some U.S. stores, this will be their first foray into the U.K. Following in Best Buy's footsteps is California-based Forever 21, which specializes in cheap, trendy clothes for young women and will open its first U.K. branch in Birmingham, northern England, in November. But for others, now is the time to expand on past success. Hollister, which is owned by Abercrombie&Fitch (A&F), has proved extremely popular in Britain since it launched its first surf-shack-chic store in London in 2008. Hollister rode the recession like it was the perfect wave. Despite the economic downturn, it opened 11 more stores across the U.K. over the past two years. As a result, A&F reports that average sales volume for Hollister's British stores is six times the level of its U.S. stores. What's the attraction? Britain boasts an overall retail market worth around $415 billion--a tempting target. The U.K. is also a good launchpad for further expansions into continental Europe. Moreover, thanks to growing online sales, U.S. retailers no longer have to blanket Blighty with shops to achieve full market penetration. They can open a few flagship stores in key cities, and back them up with a strong Web presence, which in turn reduces overheads and risk. The Internet also provides a strong prelaunch marketing tool: Best Buy set up a U.K. website back in January that featured blogs, forums and advice, and used social-networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter to build anticipation for the Thurrock launch. And there's a new, postdownturn draw too: cheaper rents. U.K. retail rents have historically been sky high, particularly in London. Now many landlords—hit by a raft of vacancies—are willing to bargain. While the invasion is off to strong start, U.S. retailers shouldn't consider Britain a sure thing. U.K. re tailing is a highly mature market that's brutally competitive, particularly now as retailers battle to entice credit-crunched shoppers back into shops. "It's probably not a great time to enter the British market," says Sarah Peters, an analyst at British retailing consultants Verdict Research, "But I'm not sure if there is ever a good time." Indeed, Britain's retailing landscape is littered with the bones of successful U.S. retailers who stumbled badly when they crossed the Atlantic. If this latest flock of U.S. retailers does well in the U.K, it will likely be because they offer British shoppers something completely different. For example, Best Buy has an edge. Not only are its big-box stores a novelty in Britain, but so is the brand's emphasis on customer service. Its Geek Squad unit gives customers round-the-clock technical support, and shoppers can use its in-store setup service to configure gadgets before taking them home. "Consumer-electronics stores in the U.K. traditionally have not had good reputations for customer service," says Matthew Piner, another Verdict Research analyst. "And no one has really challenged them before./

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单选题{{B}}TEXT E{{/B}} Grandma, what a big and fickle metaphor you can be! For children, the name translates as "the magnificent one with presents in her suitcase who thinks I'm a genius if I put my shoes on the right feet, and who stuffs me with cookies the moment my parents' backs are turned." In news reports, to call a woman "grandmotherly" is shorthand for "kindly, frail, harmless, keeper of the family antimacassars, and operationally past tense." For anthropologists and ethnographers of yore, grandmothers were crones, an impediment to "real" research. The renowned ethnographer Charles William Merton Hart, who in the 1920's studied the Tiwi hunter-gatherers of Australia, described the elder females there as "a terrible nuisance" and "physically quite revolting" and in whose company he was distressed to find himself on occasion, yet whose activities did not merit recording or analyzing with anything like the attention he paid to the men, the young women, even the children. But for a growing number of evolutionary biologists and cultural anthropologists, grandmothers represent a key to understanding human prehistory, and the particulars of why we are as we are —slow to grow up and start breeding but remarkably fruitful once we get there, empathetic and generous as animals go, and family-focused to a degree hardly seen elsewhere in the primate order. As a result, biologists, evolutionary anthropologists, sociologists and demographers are starting to pay more attention to grandmothers: what they did in the past, whether and how they made a difference to their families' welfare, and what they are up to now in a sampling of cultures around the world. At a recent international conference —the first devoted to grandmothers —researchers concluded with something approaching a consensus that grandmothers in particular, and elder female kin in general, have been an underrated source of power and sway in our evolutionary heritage. Grandmothers, they said, are in a distinctive evolutionary category. They are no longer reproductively active themselves, as older males may struggle to be, but they often have many hale years ahead of them; and as the existence of substantial proportions of older adults among even the most "primitive" cultures indicates, such durability is nothing new. If, over the span of human evolution, postmenopausal women have not been using their Stalwart bodies for bearing babies, they very likely have been directing their considerable energies elsewhere. Say, over the river and through the woods. It turns out that there is a reason children are perpetually yearning for the flourdusted, mythical figure called grandma or granny or oma or abuelita. As a number of participants at the conference demonstrated, the presence or absence of a grandmother often spelled the difference in traditional subsistence cultures between life or death for the grandchildren. In fact, having a grandmother around sometimes improved a child's prospects to a far greater extent than did the presence of a father. Dr. Ruth Mace and Dr. Rebecca Sear of the department of anthropology at University College in London, for example, analyzed demographic information from rural Gambia that was collected from 1950 to 1974, when child mortality rates in the area were so high that even minor discrepancies in care could be all too readily tallied. The anthropologists found that for Gambian toddlers, weaned from the protective balm of breast milk but not yet possessing strength and immune vigor of their own, the presence of a grandmother cut their chances of dying in half. "The surprising result to us was that if the father was alive or dead didn't matter," Dr. Mace said in a telephone interview. "If the grandmother dies, you notice it; if the father does, you don't." Importantly, this beneficent granny effect derived only from maternal grandmothers —the mother of one's mother. The paternal grandmothers made no difference to a child's outcome.

单选题The Renaissance was a European phenomenon originated in ______. A. France B. Britain C. Italy D. Spain