单选题 The evolution of artificial intelligence is now proceeding so rapidly that{{U}} (26) {{/U}}the middle of this century cheap computers{{U}} (27) {{/U}}larger than portable typewriters will{{U}} (28) {{/U}}that will be able to solve almost any{{U}} (29) {{/U}}faster and more efficiently than we can. "Intelligence" in a machine,{{U}} (30) {{/U}}in a human, is best{{U}} (31) {{/U}}as the ability to solve complex problems swiftly. This{{U}} (32) {{/U}}involve medical analysis and prescriptions,{{U}} (33) {{/U}}legal matters—{{U}} (34) {{/U}}short, replacing the profession of lawyers completely or in{{U}} (35) {{/U}}war games : in other words, {{U}}(36) {{/U}} governments whether {{U}}(37) {{/U}}not to go to war. {{U}}(38) {{/U}}computers have already intensified the deadlines of weapons, the prospect is that they will{{U}} (39) {{/U}}the more beneficial role of preventing wars.{{U}} (40) {{/U}}asked to estimate the chances of victory, the computer will analyze facts{{U}} (41) {{/U}}from the lifelong military expert with his optimistic sense and military enthusiasm. When the same figures are fed into the emotionless machine each to be weighed with {{U}}(42) {{/U}} objective and then judged {{U}}(43) {{/U}}each other, the {{U}}(44) {{/U}}, far more often than" {{U}}(45) {{/U}}"in human decision making, will be: "You start this war you will lose."

单选题Astronaut Jim Voss has enjoyed many memorable moments in his career, including three spaceflights and one space walk. But he recalls with special fondness a decidedly earthbound (为地球引力所束缚的) experience in the summer of 1980 when he participated in the NASA-ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. Voss, then a science teacher at West Point, was assigned to the Marshall Space Flight Center's propulsion lab in Alabama to analyze why a hydraulic fuel pump seal on the space shuttle was working so well when previous seals had failed. It was a seemingly tiny problem among the vast complexities of running the space program. Yet it was important to NASA because any crack in the seal could have led to destructive results for the astronauts who relied on them. "I worked a bit with NASA engineers," says Voss, "but I did it mostly by analysis. I used a handheld calculator, not a computer, to do a thermodynamic(热力学的) analysis." At the end of the summer, he, like the other NASA-ASEE fellows working at Marshall, summarized his findings in a formal presentation and detailed paper. It was a valuable moment for Voss because the ASEE program gave him added understanding of NASA, deepened his desire to fly in space, and intensified his application for astronaut status. It was not an easy process. Voss was actually passed over when he first applied for the astronaut program in 1978. Over the next nine years he reapplied repeatedly, and was finally accepted in 1987. Since then he has participated in three space missions. The 50-year-old Army officer, who lives in Houston, is now in training for a four-month mission as a crew member on the International Space Station starting in July 2000. Voss says the ASEE program is wonderful for all involved. "It brings in people from the academic world and gives NASA a special property for a particular period of time. It brings some fresh eyes and fresh ideas to NASA, and establishes a link with our colleges and universities," Voss explains. "There's an exchange of information and an exchange of perspectives that is very important." For the academic side, Voss says, "the ASEE program also brings institutions of higher learning more insight into new technology. We give them an opportunity to work on real world problems and take it back to the classroom./

单选题What does the professor tell the woman?

单选题Amtrak (美国铁路客运公司) was experiencing a downswing in ridership (客运量) along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly. At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became America's standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west. Two portions of the total market were targeted: anxious fliers—those concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and travel-lovers—those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures. Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains (Empire Builder, etc.).These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad. enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.

单选题Larry had stolen some money, but the police had caught him and he had been put in prison. Now his trial was about to begin, and he felt sure that he would be found guilty and sent to prison for a long time. Then he discovered that an old friend of his was one of the members of the jury at his trial. Of course, he didn't tell anybody, but he managed to see his friend secretly one day. He said to him, "Karl, I know that the jury will find me guilty. I cannot hope to be found not guilty of taking the money—that would be too much to expect. But I should be grateful to you for the rest of my life if you could persuade the other members of the jury to add a strong recommendation for mercy to their statement that they consider me guilty." "Well, Larry," answered Karl, "I shall certainly try to do what I can for you as an old friend, but of course I cannot promise anything. The other eleven people of the jury look terribly strong-minded to me." Larry said that he would quite understand if Karl was not able to do anything for him, and thanked him warmly for agreeing to help. The trial went on and in the end the jury found Larry guilty, with a strong recommendation for mercy, as Larry had wished. Of course Larry was very pleased. When some time after the trial Karl went to visit him in prison, Larry thanked him warmly and asked Karl how he managed to persuade the other members of the jury to recommend mercy. "Well, Larry," Karl answered, "as I thought, those eleven people were very difficult to persuade, but I managed it in the end by tiring them out. Do you know, those fools had all wanted to find you not guilty!/

单选题Direction: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank. … In post-war America, other groups sought their place on America's campuses, too. The {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}of women in higher education began to increase, Black and Hispanic {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}demand an end {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}segregation in elementary and {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}education —and thus an equal opportunity to get into college. (In the United States the {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}"minority" has two meanings, often {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}: (1)A minority is any ethnic or racial group that {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}a small percentage of the total {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}; (2)The term also {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}a group that has less political power than the {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}. ) By the 1960s, college {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}special plans and programs to equalize educational opportunities — {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}every level, for all groups. Some of these plans were called "affirmative action programs". Their goal was to make up for past {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}by giving special preference {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}members of minorities seeking jobs or {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}to college. Some colleges, for example, sponsored programs to help minority students prepare for college while {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}in high school. By the 1970s, the United States government stood firmly {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}such goals, it required colleges and universities receiving public {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}to practise some form of affirmative action. But when colleges began to set {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}(fixed numbers) of minority students to be admitted, many Americans (including minority citizens) {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}. They felt that this was another form of discrimination. …

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{I}}You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer—A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Now look at question 1. {{/I}}

单选题If the urban popluation of the developing countries exceeds 2 billion people by the year 2000, the additional people will face the problem of ______.

单选题WhyisLauraatherdad'sshop?

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}Directions: Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET.{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} An air of anxious uncertainty spread throughout the small Indian camp as the sun dawned that morning. Some braves gathered beside a smoking campfire. Murmuring sounds could be heard as they talked quietly. Women nervously performed their domestic tasks, preparing a small meal. Several sad, old men sat mute, their morale very low. The camp was pitched at the edge of a deep valley—so deep that one could barely see the calm water at the bottom. The Indians had been taken by surprise and were surrounded and attacked by enemy forces. They fought bravely, but they were degraded by defeat. Their homes were destroyed. Those who had survived had been pursued by the enemy. The chase had lasted for days. Persuaded by their leaders to press on, they had made a wrong turn. Their hazardous journey ended at the edge of a valley—a desperate situation. Before them was a great hole in the earth. Behind them was the enemy. No wonder they were frozen with fear. Where could they go7 Just when no choice seemed available to them, several young braves ran into camp. With great excitement they reported seeing a stone bridge across the valley, just a short distance from camp. Most of the tribe discounted this wild story. However, a few hurried to the spot to see for themselves. Seeing was believing! Indeed there was a stone bridge, great enough to accommodate many people and their horses. Without hesitation the people gathered up their children and the belongings they had and hurried across the bridge. Enemy braves watched from a nearby cliff. It was obvious that the Great Spirit was on the side of the defeated. The enemy did not follow. Safe on the other side of the valley, the wanderers thanked the Great Spirit for providing the vital link. They had escaped their enemies. For hundreds of miles around, Indian people heard about the miraculous stone bridge. From this incident it was clear that the Great Spirit defends weak people. Many came from near and far to see the magnificent stone bridge. You, too, can see this bridge and even ride across it in a car—in southwestern Virginia.

单选题When I got to the airport, the plane ______. [A] already took off [B] had already taken off [C] has already taken off

单选题

单选题Howmanypeopleactuallyshowedupforthemeeting?A.Twenty-one.B.Thirty.C.Thirty-eight.D.Thirty-nine.

单选题{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} On the night of May 7, 1942, a plane took off from an Air Force base in England to stop German fighters over the English Channel. Pilot of the plane was Captain Thomas Nash. Looking eastward, Nash saw twelve orange lights in a row, moving at a fantastic rate of speed. As a sophisticated flyer, he had never seen anything like them. Thinking that they might be a new German weapon, he decided to chase them. But when he Swung the plane around and headed directly for the lights, they vanished. Captain Nash may have been the first to see such orange lights but he wasn't the last. His experience was repeated several times by pilots during World War Ⅱ in Europe and the Far East. What were they? No one knows for sure, but there is an interesting theory to explain them. According to this theory, the orange lights are space animals--animals specially adapted to life in the upper atmosphere just as some creatures are adapted to life at the bottom of the sea. These space animals, the theory says, live so far up in the atmosphere that they are invisible from earth. They feed in part on the water in air and partly on energy from sunlight. Being almost pure energy themselves, they can adjust their bodies to glow at night. During the day they become invisible. Before World War Ⅱ, continues the theory, there was little radiated energy available on the earth's surface. Then there came the development of rockets, atomic reactors, and hydroelectric plants. The space creatures are attracted by these sources of energy. At night when no energy emitted from sunlight, they go down into the lower levels to search a meal. They may even drift into the scope of human eyesight. This explains the fact that they have been sighted periodically from the earth since 1942.

单选题Every human being, (26) what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is (27) dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the (28) problem how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilize (29) body heat, but the heat given off by such objects (30) light bulbs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well (31) no conventional fuel is needed (32) the campus's six buildings comfortable. Some parts of most modern buildings, theatres and offices (33) classrooms are more than heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned and (34) in winter. The technique of (35) heat and redistributing it is (36) "heat recovery". A few modern buildings recover (37) , but the university's system is the first to recover heat (38) some buildings and reuse it in (39) . Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The (40) a student studies, the more heat his body (41) . Male students emit more than (42) students, and the larger a student, the more heat his body (43) . It is tempting to (44) that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a (45) overweight male genius.