单选题The title of professor should be given only to those who, first and foremost, do ______.

单选题Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelab?

单选题{{I}} Questions 18 ～ 21 are based on a monologue about travel.{{/I}}

单选题{{I}}Questions 18-21 are based on the following dialogue.{{/I}}

单选题 Questions 15～17 are based on the following conversation between two friends.

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单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}} {{I}} You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer -- A,B,C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Now look at Question 1.{{/I}}

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单选题Whenever Catherine Brown, a 37-year-old journalist, and her friends, professionals in their 30s and early 40s, meet at a London café, their favorite topic of conversation is relationships: men's reluctance to commit, women's independence, and when to have children—or, increasingly, whether to have them at all. "With the years passing my chances of having a child go down, but I won't marry anyone just to have a child," says Brown. To people like Brown, babies are great—if the timing is right. But they're certainly not essential. In much of the world, having kids is no longer a given. "Never before has childlessness been an understandable decision for women and men in so many societies," says Frank Hakim at the London School of Economics. Young people are extending their child-free adulthood by postponing children until they are well into their 30s, or even 40s and beyond. A growing share are ending up with no children at all. Lifetime childlessness in western Germany has hit 30 percent among university-educated women, and is rapidly rising among lower-class men. In Britain, the number of women remaining childless has doubled in 20 years. The latest trend of childlessness does not follow historic patterns. For centuries it was not unusual for a quarter of European women to remain childless. But in the past, childlessness was usually the product of poverty or disaster, of missing men in times of war. Today the decision to have—or not have—a child is the result of a complex combination of factors, including relationships, career opportunities, lifestyle and economics. In some cases childlessness among women can be seen as a quiet form of protest. In Japan, support for working mothers hardly exists. Child care is expensive, men don't help out, and some companies strongly discourage mothers from returning to work. "In Japan, it's career or child," says writer Kaori Haishi. It's not just women who are deciding against children; according to a recent study, Japanese men are even less inclined to marry or want a child. Their motivations, though, may have more to do with economic factors.

单选题What is the author's attitude towards students who often cut classes?

单选题Most radio and television stations in the United States are commercial stations,_____1____is tosay, they earn their money from____2____or commercials. Private companies purchase, radio and television ____ 3____from the commercial stations in order to ____ 4____ their products. Cable television sta-tions are also ____ 5____ stations, though they do not usually have advertisements.____ 6____ watch cablestations, people must pay the cable TV company a certain amount of money each ____ 7____. Public radio and television stations, on the ____ 8____ hand, do not have advertisements and peo-ple do not have to ____ 9____ to watch them. These stations gain their money ____ 10____the govern-ment, private companies, and from some of the ____ 11____ who watch or listen to their programs.The ____ 12____ government and some large corporations give ____ 13____ , large gifts on money, to thepublic stations. Small businesses and people also ____ 14____ money to their local public radio and television stations. ABC, CBS, and NBC are the three ____ 50____ commercial radio and television ____ 16____ in the UnitedStates. Most local commercial radio and TV stations ____ 17____ their programs from one of these na-tional networks. ____ 18____example, each network has a TV news program in the evening, ____ 19____thelocal stations broadcast in addition to their ____ 20____ local news programs.

单选题In the second paragraph the author lists the kinds of books______.

单选题For as long as there have been archaeologists, there have been guesses about what they would discover if they were to analyze their own society's refuse(垃圾) Which such speculations (沉思) often have been humors, they are based on a serious rationale (方式) Archaeologists have learned improtant information about past societies by analyzing the patterns, in arivent garbage (方式) so they should be able to learn something about contemporary societies from fresh garbage. Just as the pieces of pottery (陶器)broken stone tools, and cut animal bones in old refuse middens(垃圾堆)provide a surprisingly detailed (详细的) view of past life styles, so should the labeled packages, food debris (核骸) discarded (抛弃) clothing, and used batteries (电池) in modem middens reveal intimate (个人的)details of our lives today. Indeed, if our garbage can teach us things about our behaviors as consumers that will enrich(使丰富) human life and help reduce the undesirable (不受欢迎的) environmental consequences of the industrialized world, why wait until those of us who could benefit most from refuse studies are dead and buried? Such was the thinking of a group of my University of Arizona students and me when we founded the Garbage Project in 1973. More than 20 years later the project, codirected by Wilson Hughes (who was one of the founding students), is still guided by the same philosophy. What sets the Garbage project's studies apart from other research into the behaviors of consumers is that all project data are collected from hard-sorting of quantifiable (可以数的)bits and pieces of garbage rather than from interview-surveys, government documents, or industry records. In other words, the Garbage Project reconstructs consumer behaviors directly from material reality rather than from self-reports or other records that might possibly be biased by perceptions and judgements. What also distinguishes the project's studies from those conducted by engineering consultant (咨询者)firms and even by solid-waste managers is the excruciating (剧烈的) level at which data are recorded. Since its inception (开始) the Garbage Project has literally (完全地) immersed (陷入) itself in newly discarded refuse placed out for collection. Fresh discards have been used to study food waste, what people eat and drink, recycling behaviors, household hazardous (危险的) wastes, packaging discards, and even dental (牙齿的) health. After 1987, when the project added landfills(掩埋式垃圾处理场) to its research repertoire (戏目), investigations expanded to include the composition (构成) of landfill wastes, the rate of breakdown (倒塌) of materials within landfills, the contribution of household hazardous wastes to the fluids (流体) that leak (漏)out of MSW landfills, and the effect on landfills of various waste-reduction strategies--for example, recycling, composting, or source reduction(simply using less of something).

单选题Questions 19～22 are based on the following conversation.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Nearly all "speed reading" courses have a "pacing" element--some timing device which lets the student know how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every five or ten minutes and noting down the page number you have reached. Check the average number of words per page for the particular book you are reading. How do you know when five minutes has passed on your watch if you are busy reading the book7 Well, this is difficult at first. A friend can help by timing you over a set period, or you can read within hearing distance of a public clock which strikes the quarter hours. Pace yourself every three or four days, always with the same kind of easy, general interest books. You should soon notice your accustomed w. p. m. rate creeping up. Obviously there is little point in increasing your w. p. m. rate if you do not understand what you are reading. When you are consciously trying to increase your reading speed, stop after every chapter ( if you are reading a novel) or every section or group of ten or twelve pages ( if it is a textbook) and ask yourself a few questions about what you have been reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or you cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, reread the section or chapter. You can also try "lightning speed" exercise from time to time. Take four or five pages of the general interest book you happen to be reading and read them as fast as you possibly can. Do not bother about whether you understand or not. Now go back and read them at what you feel to be your "normal" w. p. m. rate, the rate at which you can comfortably understand. After a "lightning speed" reading through probably 600 w. p. m. you will usually find that your "normal" speed has increased--perhaps by as much as 50-100 w. p. m. This is the technique sportsmen use when they usually run further in training than they will have to on the day of the big race.