单选题Identical twins are a perfect test case for theories of personality development. If a theory can't explain the differences between identical twins, then it cannot explain environmental effects on personality. Even identical twins brought up in the same home have different personalities. Take Ladan and Laleh Bijani from Iran. They were identical twins who had spent their entire 29 years joined at the head. And yet, Ladan, the more outspoken of the pair, told journalists, "We are two completely separate individuals. We have different world views. We have different lifestyles. We think very differently about issues. " Why did Ladan and Laleh have different personalities? Self-organized systems in insects can provide us with some ideas. A colony of ants, for example, can be seen as a self-organized systern. No supervisor tells the ants what to do, and yet all the jobs get done. The system works in such a way that if one ant carries out a particular job, it becomes less likely that another ant will attempt that job because it no longer needs doing. The result is what economists call "division of labor". Self-organization also produces division of labor in human groups. Each individual looks for something to specialize in, his or her own suitable position in the group. If one position is occupied, the individual will seek another. This process increases the differences even between identical twins, because once they've chosen different specialties, a circular mechanism causes small initial differences between them to widen. Although identical twins look very much alike, people who know them well will distinguish between them. They might, for example, address more questions and comments to one twin than the other — perhaps by chance first. But the consequence is that the twin who is addressed more often will do more talking than the other twin, which will cause people who know them to address still more of their questions and comments to that twin. The result, over time, will be one outspoken twin and one quieter one — like Ladan and Laleh Bijani.

单选题Questions 14-17 are based on the following dialogue between a man and a woman.

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单选题After the First World War, a small group of veterans returned to their village. Most of them managed to get along, but Lebeau was unable to work regularly. In time he became poverty-stricken. Once every year the veterans held a reunion dinner. On one of these occasions they met in the home of Grandin, who had made a good deal of money and grown pompous. Grandin showed them a large gold coin. Each man examined it with interest as it passed around the table. All, however, had drunk wine freely and the room was resounded with noisy talk, so that the gold piece was soon forgotten. Later, when Grandin remembered it and asked for it, the coin was missing. Instantly there arose a hubbub of questions and denials. Finally the village attorney suggested everyone be searched, to which all agreed except Lebeau. "You refuse, then?" asked Grandin. Lebeau flushed. "Yes," he said. "Do you realize what your refusal implies?" "1 did not steal the gold piece, and I will not submit to such a search." One by one, the rest of the group turned out their pockets. When the coin failed to appear, attention was focused on poor Lebeau. "Surely you will not persist in your refusal?" the attorney demanded. Lebeau made no reply. Grandin stalked out of the room in anger. A few years later, when the.incident had become almost forgotten, Grandin made some alterations in his house. A workman found the gold coin, buried in dirt on the floor in the room where the reunion had been held. Grandin hurried to Lebeau and apologized for having suspected him. "But," he said, "why did you not allow yourself to be searched?" "Because I was a thief," he said brokenly. "For weeks my family and I had not had enough to eat—and my pockets were full of food that I had taken from the table to carry home to my wife and hungry children./

单选题Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are (26) than housewives. Evidence (证据) shows that (27) are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows (28) the unemployment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increases correspondingly (相应的) by 2%. All this (29) one point:Work is helpful to health. Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, (30) loneliness and solitude (孤独). Researches show that people feel (31) and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are (32) . Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard. Work serves as (33) between man and reality. By work, people (34) each other. By collective (集体的) activity, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work (35) the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him liable to (易于) (36) . (37) , work gives one a sense of fulfillment (充实感) and a sense of (38) . Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When (39) finishes his writing or a doctor successfully (40) a patient or a teacher sees his students (41) , they are happy (42) . From the above we can come to the conclusion (43) the more you work, (44) you will be. Let us work hard, (45) and live a happy and healthy life.

单选题The money which enables these companies to continue their projects is________.

单选题In areas where avalanches are known to happen ______.

单选题Why is the felt image important?

单选题{{I}} Questions 14-17 are based on the conversation you've just heard.{{/I}}

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单选题"Now we''re more than halfway; only two miles away from the tavern, "said the driver. 　　"I'' m glad of that ! "answered the stranger, in a sympathetic mood. He wanted to say more but the east wind blew clear down a man''s throat if he tried to speak. The girl''s voice was something quite charming, however, and at present he spoke again. 　　"You don''t feel the cold so much at 20 below zero out in the Western Country. There''s none of this damp chill," he said, and then it seemed as though he had blamed the uncomplaining young driver. She had not even said that it was an awful day, and he began to be conscious of a warm hopefulness of spirit, and sense of pleasant adventure under all the woollen shawls. 　　"You''ll have a cold drive going back," he said in earnest, and put up his hand for the thirtieth time to see if his coat-collar were as close to the back of his neck as possible. He had wished a dozen times for the warm old hunting rig in which he had many a day confronted the worst of weather in the Northwest. 　　"I shall not have to go back!" exclaimed the girl, with eager pleasantness. "I''m on my way home now. I drove over early just to meet you at the train. We had word that someone was coming to the tavern."

单选题Most radio and television stations in the United States are commercial stations, (26) is to say, they earn their money from (27) or commercials. Private companies purchase radio and television (28) from the commercial stations in order to (29) their products. Cable television stations are also (30) stations, though they do not usually have advertisements. (31) watch cable stations, people must pay the cable TV company a certain amount of money each (32) Public radio and television stations, on the (33) hand, do not have advertisements and people do not have to (34) to watch them. These stations gain their money (35) the government, private companies, and from some of the (36) who watch or listen to their programs. The (37) government and some large corporations give (38) , large gifts on money, to the public stations. Small businesses and people also (39) money to their local public radio and television stations. ABC, CBS, and NBC are the three (40) commercial radio and television (41) in the United States. Most local commercial radio and TV stations (42) their programs from one of these national networks. (43) example, each network has a TV news program in the evening, (44) the local stations broadcast in addition to their (45) local news programs.

单选题What kind of the text is the passage?