单选题Questions 22～25 are based on the following monologue.

单选题Help, I've fallen into a sea of personal identification numbers (PIN) — and I can't get out. It's my third call in as many weeks and I recognize Beth's voice immediately. I'm hoping she doesn't recognize mine, but it's obvious by her sudden shift from warm to frosty that she does. "You probably know why I've called," I say. "I can guess," Beth responds flatly, having dealt with my type dozens of times already today. "Password problem?" She was right, I had forgotten it again. Like millions of others, I'm stuck in password hell. With computer key chains, bank card PINs, voicemail codes, and home alarm systems, things have spun out of control. I have thirty-two secret codes (that I can think of). Experts warn that the best way to protect against identity theft is to never reuse or write down your passwords and always be casual in your selections — don't use pet names, or especially the names of ex-girlfriends. And it's recommended to change passwords often. But come on. Making it impossible for others to access your life only makes living your life impossible. Surveys indicate that most people use the same one or two passwords for everything. After all, it's not easy to produce something casual, yet memorable. "When the information doesn't apply to anything in the real world, it's very hard to get from the brain," says Albert Katz, a psychology professor. That's why some are shifting to picture passwords. Since the pictures can't be written clown or shared with another person, they're more secure. And pictures, says Katz, are easier for the human brain to remember than numbers and letters. Better still is the day when access to everything will be just a fingerprint. But poor Beth will remain my Internet-banking savior. "All you need to do," says Beth, "is to tell me the secret password you set up for security purposes. " What? If I can't remember my PIN, how do you expect me to remember some secret word? But on my third try I guess it and am once again allowed access to my very small fortune. I thank Beth, but don't make any promises. Both of us know we'll speak again soon.

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单选题{{I}}Questions 11～13 are based on the following dialogue.{{/I}}

单选题All the following subjects are mentioned by the author as typical of WAOAW portraits EXCEPT______.

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单选题Whatdoesthemanusuallydoonweekends?A.Hegoesforlongwalks,B.Hegoestohisclubs.C.Heplaysbowling.D.Heplayschess.

单选题Why bother with the study of history? What possible connections exist between an increasingly remote past and our own predicaments (困境) in the present? Can stories about other peoples in other places at any other times have any meaning in an age of vaulting (飞速发展的) technology and traumatizing (惊人) change? Is it reasonable to think that anyone can benefit from the experiences of others in a presumably unprecedented (前所未有的) time when our political and economic systems falter (踉跄), and the nuclear, peril causes nightmares of dread? These questions hold more than rhetorical importance and compel serious answers. Undergraduates in all programs of study need to know what they can hope to learn and how their experiences will affect their capacity to think and act creatively in the future. Skeptics have often argued that a knowledge of history will not provide much help. The American industrialist Henry Ford characterized history as "bunk". Although the observation probably tells more about the limitations of Ford's mind that about the nature of history, other luminaries (名人) have expressed similar reservations. In the seventeenth century, the French scientist and mathematician Rene Descartes worried that undue curiosity about the past would result in excessive ignorance of the present. Another Frenchman, Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire, a philosopher and historian, described history as "a pack of tricks we play on the dead". Although he meant the comment as an appeal for history written more accurately, he inadvertently gave support to the cynical claim that historians invariably fall into one of three camps: those as George Wilhelm Fried Rich Hegel, a nineteeth century German, feared that the only thing we can learn from history is that no one learns anything from history. Undoubtedly the writing of history is a perilous (危险的) venture. A common lament among historians is the fact that every day requires them to face up to their incomprehension of the world and their incapacity to interpret their evidence correctly. Surely they should rank among the humblest of people. Nevertheless, for many, the sheer joy of the endeavor makes the risk worthwhile. Some even have assigned to themselves important and useful functions. Most historians regard the study of history as a way for human beings to acquire self knowledge. Edward Gibbon, the great English historian of the Roman Empire, sadly described the historical record as consisting of "the crimes, follies, and misfortunes of mankind". Though certainly indicative of a wretched and dismal (阴沉的) state of affairs, his remark also held forth the possibility of escaping such conditions through rational in quiry. Transcendence over the past could come about only through knowledge. Other historians have invoked (行使) their discipline as a kind of ethical sanction (制裁). Lord Acton, a Victorian Englishman, insisted upon maintaining "morality as the sole impartial criterion of men and things". He called upon historians to act as arbiters, defending the proper standards, out of an expectation that the threat of disapproval in the future might discourage incorrect behavior in the present. Historians should call malefactors to account for their misdeeds. Still others presumed the existence of links between the past and the future and suggested that comprehension of what had taken place might prepare for what will come about. How to get ready for the unknown has always posed a great problem. George Santayana, a Harvard philosopher, asserted early in the twentieth century that people who forget about the past are condemned to repeat it. This utilitarian (实利主义的) conception saw in the discipline a way of developing workable strategies for survival. History comprised the recollections of all people. Santayana's claim affirmed that things learned from experience could aid in the avoidance of mistakes, pitfalls, and catastrophes in the future.

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单选题Whatdoesthemanproposetodofirst?

单选题Even today in the modem, developed world, surveys show that parents still prefer to have a boy rather than a girl. One longstanding reason why boys have been (26) as a greater blessing has been that they are (27) to become better economic providers (28) their parents'old age. Yet it is time for parents to (29) again. Girls may now be a better investment. Girls get better (30) at school than boys, and in most developed countries more women than men go to (31) . Women will thus be better (32) for the new jobs of the 21st century, in which brains (33) a lot more than physical strength. In Britain far more women than men are now (34) to become doctors. And women are more (35) to provide sound advice on investing their parents'nest egg. Surveys show that women consistently (36) higher financial returns than men do. (37) , the increase in female employment in the rich world has been the main (38) force of growth in the past couple of decades. Those women have (39) more to global GDP growth than have either new technology or the new giants, China and India. Add the (40) of housework and child-rearing, and women probably account (41) just over half of the world output. It is (42) that women still get paid less and few (43) it to the top of companies, but, (44) prejudice fades over coming years, women will have great scope to (45) their productivity and in comes.

单选题Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} American society reports many negative messages about bicycling in traffic. Bicycling in traffic is considered by many to be reckless, foolhardy, and sometimes rude. The most common advice given to cyclists is to avoid busy roads that provide convenient access to important places; presumably cyclists should only go to unpopular destinations on undesirable and inconvenient roads. Another popular idea is that cyclists should stay as close to the edge of the road as possible in order to stay out of the way of cars. Getting in the way of cars is supposedly an invitation to certain death, because car drivers are often expected to run into anything that is slower or more vulnerable. The rules of the road that apply to bicyclists are considered to be of no use because they involve mixed with motor traffic, which is thought to be suicide. Roads are believed to be designed for cars and not for bicycles, which are tolerated at the pleasure of motorists, who really own the roads. Inferior bicyclists may have an obsolete legal right to use the road, but they had better stay out of the way of superior users or they will be "dead right". As a result of these "common-sense" beliefs, American bike-safety programs developed by motoring organizations and "pedestrian-style" bicyclists during the twentieth century attempted to teach cyclists to provide a clear path to motorists at all times by hugging the edge of the road, riding on sidewalks where present, and even riding facing traffic so cyclists can see when to get out of the way. Some towns and states tried to prohibit bicyclists from operating on important roads or roads without shoulders. Engineering projects designed for "bicycle safety" have usually involved construction of mandatory side paths to get cyclists off of roads and mandatory bike lanes to keep cyclists out of the way of motorists. The publicized benefit of these efforts is to protect cyclists from collisions from behind, which are widely believed to be the greatest danger to cyclists and caused by {{U}}cyclists' failure to keep up with the desired speed of motor traffic{{/U}}. This is the taboo that afflicts American bicycle transportation policy: that bicyclists must be kept out of the paths of motorists or they will surely be killed.

单选题What trick had Lewis learnt ii} the army?