完形填空In common with many countries, Britain has serious environmental problems. In 1952, more than 4,000 people died in London because of the smog. The government 【26】 new laws to stop smog from coal fires and factories and the 【27】 improved a lot. Today, London is much cleaner 【28】 there is a new problem: smog from cars. In December 1991, there was very 【29】 wind in London and pollution 【30】 a lot, which led to 160 deaths in just four days. 【31】 of the problem is the new "out of town" shopping centers. In the past, people often【32】 to shops near their homes or went by bus. Today, many people drive to the new shopping centers. 【33】, the small shops have 【34】 and more people have to go a long way to 【35】 their shopping. Critics say that Britain needs better and cheaper public 【36】. Many people are trying to【37】 the use of cars in Britain. Some cities now have special bicycle 【38】 and many people ride to work. Some people also 【39】 to work together in one car to reduce the pollution and the 【40】. Sometimes people take " direct 【41】 ". In 1995, for example, many people wanted to 【42】 a new road near Newbury. They built houses 【43】 trees and lived there for many months. It 【44】 a long time to force the people out of the trees 【45】 work on the road could continue.

完形填空A special lab at the University of Chicago is busy only 【26】 . It is a dream 【27】 where researchers are at work 【28】 dreamers. Their findings have concluded that 【29】 dreams from three to seven times each night, 【30】 in ordinary life a person may 【31】 none or only one of his dreams. While the 【32】 sleep, special machines 【33】 their brain waves and eye movements as well as the body movements that 【34】 the end of a dream. Surprisingly, all subjects 【35】 soundly. 【36】 say that a person usually fidgets before a dream. 【37】 the dream has started, his body relaxes and his eyes 【38】 more active, as if the curtain 【39】 on a show. When the machine 【40】 that the dream is over, a buzzer wakes the 【41】 He sits up, records his dream, and goes back to sleep ― perhaps to 【42】 some more. Researchers have found that if the dreamer, is 【43】 immediately after his dream, he can usually recall the entire dream, If he is allowed to sleep even 【44】 his 【45】 of the dream will have faded.

完形填空At present groups of scientific workers, often 【26】 by their governments, spend their time in 【27】 the 【28】 of earthquakes. It is very 【29】 that they will be able to 【30】 earthquakes or influence the direction of their movements, which are determined by events far below the surface of the earth. But the facts they report and the theories 【31】 by those facts may enable scientists to 【32】 the centers of future earthquakes and even 【33】 the time of their 【34】 . It is only when the 【35】 of events that we call an earthquake can be seen as a pattern that predictions can be made. Part of this pattern is external and 【36】 or capable of being recorded by 【37】 instruments above the earth'' s surface. Scientists and engineers studied the 【38】 of the San Francisco earthquake. The city was rebuilt, and new features were 【39】 to strengthen buildings and maintain a 【40】 water supply in the event of another earthquake. The water mains ( = main pipes) were fitted with control valves which would enable water to travel by different routes round broken places. Large underground tanks were constructed to supply water if 【41】 supplies could not be tapped. Special measures were 【42】 to prevent fires, which often do more damage than earth- quakes themselves. The San Francisco earthquake 【43】 scientists with important information. Since the effects of the break were visible at the surface, scientists could 【44】 what actually happened, and reports of the incident were an important 【45】 to the world'' s store of knowledge bout earthquakes.

完形填空Man cannot continue 【26】 his numbers at the present rate. In the 【27】 thirty years man will face a period of crisis. 【28】 experts believe that there will be a widespread food 【29】 Other experts think this is 【30】 pessimistic, and that man can keep things 【31】 worse than they are now. But 【32】 that two-thirds of the people in the world are undernourished or starving now. One thing that man can do is to limit 【33】 of babies born. The need 【34】 this is obvious, but it is 【35】 to achieve. People have to 【36】 to limit their families. In the countries of the population 【37】 ,many people like big families. The parents think that this 【38】 a bigger income for the family and ensures there will be someone in the family who will look 【39】 them in old age. Several governments have 【40】 birth control policies in recent years. 【41】 them are Japan, China, India and Egypt. In some 【42】 the results have not been 【43】 . Japan has been an exception. The Japanese adopted a birth control policy in 1948. People 【44】 to limit their families. The birth rate fell from 34.3 per thousand per year to about 17.0 per thousand per year 【45】 .

完形填空Many years ago when the summers seemed longer and life was less complicated, we had rented a cottage 【26】 a river in the heart of the country 【27】 the whole family was going to 【28】 a three-week holiday. There were four of us: me, Mum and Dad, and Mum''s sister, Auntie June. Oh, and I mustn''t forget to 【29】 Spot, our little dog. I was 【30】 to go off by myself all day, 【31】 I promised to be careful and took Spot with me for 【32】. One day I was out fishing with Spot when we heard a lot of shouting in the 【33】 followed by a scream and splash. I was a bit 【34】 so I called Spot and we both hid 【35】 a bush where we could see but not be 【36】. After a few moments, a straw hat came drifting down the river, followed by an oar, a picnic basket and 【37】 oar. Then came the rowing boat itself, but it was 【38】 upside down! A few seconds later my Dad and Auntie June came running 【39】 the river bank, both wet 【40】. Spot started barking so I came out of hiding and said hello. My Dad got really angry 【41】 me for not trying to catch the boat as it went past. Luckily, 【42】, the boat and both the oars had been caught by an overhanging tree a little further downstream, but not the hat or picnic basket. So I had to let them 【43】 my sandwiches. Dad and Auntie June both made me 【44】 not to tell Mum what had happened【45】 she would be worried.

完形填空Researchers stress that we need diet and exercise to drop pounds. "The most 【26】 way to lose weight is with a combination," says Rena Wing, head of the National Weight Control Center. 【27】 experts also admit that many 【28】 losers find it helps to 【29】 on one or the other. "A lot of people feel helpless at the thought of 【30】 everything — diet, lifestyle," says Bess Marcus, professor of human behavior at Brown University Medical School. "So ask yourself, ''【31】 do I want to start? What am I willing to focus on?'' " The 【32】 depends on everything from what you hope to 【33】 to how your life is 【34】. If you are in a big hurry to drop pounds 【35】, dieting is the way to go. Decades of 【36】 have shown it''s the surest and quickest method. If you are more 【37】 with how you look than with numbers on the scale, though, 【38】 may be the way to go. By increasing physical activity, you''ll 【39】 fat and build muscle tissue. 【40】 often end up losing both fat and muscle tissue. Your 【41】 approach is one that suits your lifestyle. If you''ve tried and 【42】 at one approach, consider the other. " A lot of people have become so disappointed that they begin to think they''ll 【43】 be able to lose weight, " says Marcus. "That''s when it''s time to try something new. 【44】 a small step forward can help people 【45】 confidence and convince themselves they can make even bigger changes."

完形填空The evolution of artificial intelligence is now proceeding so rapidly that 【26】 the end of the century cheap computers 【27】 larger than portable typewriters will 【28】 that will be able to solve almost any 【29】 faster and more efficiently than we can. "Intelligence" in a machine, 【30】 in a human, is best 【31】 as the ability to solve complex problems swiftly. This 【32】 involve medical analysis and prescriptions, 【33】 legal matters ― 【34】 short, replacing the profession of lawyers completely ― or in 【35】 war-games: in other words 【36】 governments whether 【37】 not to go to war. 【38】 computers have already intensified the deadlines of weapons, the prospect for the future is that they will 【39】 the more beneficial role of preventing wars. 【40】 asked to estimate the chances of victory, the computer will analyze facts 【41】 from the life-long military expert with his optimistic sense and military enthusiasm. When the same figures are fed into the emotionless machine each to be weighed with 【42】 objective and then judged 【43】 each other, the 【44】 , far more often than 【45】 in human decision-making, will be:" You start this war you will lose."

完形填空When two hands meet, we pass on something of ourselves. After 【26】 to Mark Twain, Helen — who was both deaf and blind — commented, "I can feel the twinkle of his eye 【27】 his handshake. " In some indefinable way, Twain had 【28】 his charm to Keller. And that'' s probably been true of the handshake all the 【29】 back to its earliest days, —【30】 no one can tell its actual 【31】. A common explanation is that 【32】 early man encountered a stranger, he 【33】 out his hand to show he had no weapon. From this, supposedly, 【34】 the handshake. Not so, says historian Brian Burke. He believes, the handshake 【35】 "putting your blood behind your breath. " He explains that ancient people 【36】 the spoken word alone, and they used the handclasp to signify that their 【37】 was backed up by the 【38】 of their heart — i. e. , their blood. 【39】, the handshake suggested trust. That 【40】 of trust has survived to this day. People in business often 【41】 agreements simply by declaring, "Let''s shake 【42】 it. " Perhaps the most 【43】 handshake took place on July 17, 1975, during the Apollo-Soyuz get-together in space. After the two crafts came together, American astronaut Thomas Stafford 【44】 the extended hand of Soviet cosmonaut Alexey Leonov. The 【45】 to the world was one of friendship and peace.

完形填空When my father was getting ready for work, our 【26】 was ruled by knocks and words. One 【27】 on the table meant "I am ready for my breakfast". Two knocks on the table 【28】 "I am ready for my tea". 【29】 breakfast he said, "Boots." The paper was 【30】 for him over the back of an armchair. Today''s paper was put on the chair for his 【31】 , and his boots were brought to him, freshly brushed. He read 【32】 ,at the same time putting on his boots and lacing them 【33】 . After finishing one boot, he said, "Bus." At that 【34】 one of the girls went outside to the garden gate 【35】 waited there. Her job was to stop the bus 【36】 it came. It came early sometimes, and it had to 【37】 my father. "Overcoat, hat. "One of my sisters had already 【38】 his overcoat. Now she held it 【39】 for him and guided his arms into it. Then she 【40】 his jacket down under the coat. Another girl 【41】 his hat, nicely brushed. "Handkerchief, pipe. "They were brought and put, with his tobacco into his pockets. He 【42】 the window and said either "Walking stick" or "Umbrella". It was handed to him. Ready now, he was 【43】 reading the newspaper. He didn''t put it down 【44】 he heard the shout "Bus coming!" Then he kissed my mother and went out. The girls all breathed freely. 【45】 lucky a man is to have a wife and five daughters at home!

完形填空Most radio and television stations in the United States are commercial stations, 【26】 is to say, they earn their money from 【27】 or commercials. Private companies purchase radio and television 【28】 from the commercial stations in order to 【29】 their products. Cable television stations are also 【30】 stations, though they do not usually have advertisements. 【31】 watch cable stations, people must pay the cable TV company a certain amount of money each 【32】 Public radio and television stations, on the 【33】 hand, do not have advertisements and people do not have to 【34】 to watch them. These stations gain their money from the 【35】 , from private companies, and from some of the 【36】 who watch or listen to their programs. The 【37】 government and some large corporations give 【38】 ,large gifts on money, to the public stations. Small businesses and people also 【39】 money to their local public radio and television stations. ABC ,CBS, and NBC are the three 【40】 commercial radio and television 【41】 in the United States. Most local commercial radio and TV stations 【42】 their programs from one of these national networks. 【43】 example, each network had a TV news program in the evening, 【44】 the local stations broadcast in addition to their 【45】 local news programs.

完形填空Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, in winter, or skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kind ― football, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering. These who have a passion 【26】 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 【27】 with astonishment. Why are men and women 【28】 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 【29】 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity 【30】 which men give their leisure. Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made roles, as there are for 【31】 games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 【32】 ,but it is this freedom from man-made rules 【33】 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own 【34】 If we 【35】 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 【36】 mountaineering is not a" team work". We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no "matches" 【37】 "teams" of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 【38】 ,there is obviously teamwork. A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight 【39】 of nature. His sport requires high mental and 【40】 qualities. A mountain climber 【41】 to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions 【42】 in their early twenties. But it is not 【43】 for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more 【44】 than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less 【45】 of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.

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