填空题 {{B}}Paragraph 1:{{/B}} Japanese managers believe that change and initiative within an organization should come from those closest to the problem. So they elicit change from below. Top-level Japanese managers see their task as creating an atmosphere in which subordinates are motivated to seek better solutions.{{B}} Paragraph 2:{{/B}} Japanese managers do not view themselves as having all the answers. When a subordinate brings in a proposal, the manager neither accepts nor rejects it. Rather, he tactfully, politely asks questions, makes suggestions, and provides encouragement.{{B}} Paragraph 3:{{/B}} In the Japanese system, junior(middle) managers are initiators who perceive problems and formulate tentative solutions in coordination with others; they are not functional specialists who carry out their boss's directives. Because so much emphasis is placed on coordination and integration, solutions to problems evolve more slowly, but they are known and understood by all those who have been a part of the solution generation process. Horizontal communication is stressed as essential to the coordination of problem-solving efforts.{{B}} Paragraph 4:{{/B}} The Japanese are less inclined to think in terms of absolutes, that is, the solution (which is right) versus the alternatives (which are wrong). Rather, they recognize a range of alternatives, several of which might work and all of which possess advantages and disadvantages. When a group makes a decision, all members become committed to the chosen solution. From a Japanese perspective, that commitment, and the ensuing dedication toward working to make the solution successful, is probably more important than the objective quality of the decision. The Japanese have an interesting concept of consensus. Those who consent to a decision are not necessarily endorsing it. Rather, consent means that each person is satisfied that his point of view has been fairly heard, and although he or she may not wholly agree that the decision is the best one ,he or she is willing to go along with it and even support it.{{B}} Paragraph 5:{{/B}} Japanese managers have a kind of paternalistic attitude toward their employees. Traditionally, Japanese organizations have offered their workers housing, extensive recreational facilities, and life- time employment. The Japanese believe that it is impossible to divorce a worker's personal and professional lives. Good managers express concern for workers as persons with homes and families as well as for the quality of products the workers produce. Managers work alongside their subordinates, counsel them regarding their personal lives, and encourage much peer interaction.{{I}} Now match each of the items (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note :there are two extra statements.{{/I}} {{B}} Statements {{/B}}[A] Consensus as a way of making decisions[B] Top management as facilitator[C] Bottom-up change[D] Top-down initiative[E] Middle management as impetus for and shaper of solutions[F] Concern for employees' personal well-being[G] Likely to think in terms of extremes

填空题Lisa

填空题Barry:

填空题 {{B}}Peter:{{/B}} The future will not determine itself; The future is determined by the actions of the present days. The responsibility we have for the future begins when we recognize that we ourselves create the future--that the future is not something imposed upon us by fate or other forces beyond our control. We ourselves build the future both through what we do and what we do not do.{{B}}Simon:{{/B}} The future will see more unbelievable things. In the future people will be able to predict their performance from the strength of the brain's electrical activity can be measured through the scalp (头皮). Bosses could measure brain activity and tell whether a worker is performing well, working hard, or too tired to do the job properly.{{B}}Alan:{{/B}} In the new century, things around us will be more fascinating. The chemical gelatin (胶原蛋白) in the brain is said to increase your desire for fat, when it is stimulated. This means that disturbances (失调) of this chemical gelatin can lead to overeating. Doctor Green presented an academic paper suggesting that the appetite for fat-rich food can be controlled through drugs that block the effects of galatin.{{B}}Nick:{{/B}} In the future our life will change greatly. It is quite certain that computers will play an important role in our life. You will visit your doctor, and find that he uses a computer screen and visual information about your condition, instead of his note books. Computers in your home will enable you to answer interactive questions about your health and show the alternative results which will affect you if you act in a certain way.{{B}}Julie:{{/B}} In the future, computers will change the way the doctors diagnose (诊断) and treat their patients. Also doctors will change their traditional notion of medicine. Although pulls for tension, heart conditions, being overweight and other life-threatening conditions are prescribed by western doctors, most doctors now require patients to focus on healthy way of living by changing diets and using more exercise as a mean to keep well.{{I}} Now match each of the people (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements.{{/I}}{{B}}Statements{{/B}}[A] You build your own future.[B] Healthy lifestyles will be a more popular way.[C] Computer will be an effective tool for doctors.[D] Doctors may not need pills for heart troubles or overweight.[E] Your brain waves may be used to check out your work performance.[F] People will be able to visit doctors more frequently.[G] Our appetite will be well controlled by drugs.

填空题Joho Daly: Watching TV occupies our time to communicate with our families. TV provides a ready means of relaxation for people who spend their days doing routine and busy jobs. As soon as TV enters into our home, most of our free time is controlled by it. What is more, the one-eyed monster requires absolute silence and attention. If any member dares to open his mouth, the others order him to shut up immediately. Therefore we communicate less with our family members. John Courtis: Thanks to hardworking TV workers, we enjoy more TV channels and more colorful TV programs. But a question has arisen: it is difficult for families to choose a common channel because they have different interests. It is inevitable to give rise to quarrel among them. Ian Wright: For instance, a person who watches too many idealized programs may become unrealistic. In addition, unhealthy programs which contain obscene and violent contents may cause people's curiosity. John Wallace: Children can learn a lot of thing by watching TV rather than learning negative things. There are many great programs in TV show, such as science and international. When I was a kid, I had always watched science TV show, especially space. It was easiest to learn what I want by watching TV. Moreover, my friend's kid always watches international program, which shows different countries' kids to speak one word in their own languages. As a result he can say "good morning" with seven different languages. Watching TV enables to learn a lot of things. In other hand, there are many TV shows which are negative effect on children to watch TV. However, parents are able to manipulate TV show by modern technology. Consequently, kids are unable to watch the TV shows that have bad effect on them. John Barnes: TV program provides us much topic to talk within family. For example, when I was kid, before we ate dinner, I always watched TV. Then, we could talk about what I had watched before dinner. Everyone in my house talked one topic. Sometimes we talked about animal. Other day we talked not only nature, but also my parents' wedding through watching TV. As a result, watching TV gave us many topics in our family. Now match each of the persons (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Statements[A] Families often quarrel over what programs they should watch.[B] Poor-quality TV programs can have severe effects on people's mood and behavior.[C] TV is playing a more and more positive role in modern life.[D] We should reduce the time spent in front of the little screen and spend more time with our families together.[E] We should choose proper programs at proper time for people in different ages.[F] There is a way to learn great education by watching TV.[G] Watching TV is a way to make more conversation with family.

填空题In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It"s difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. 1 Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria and TB combined. The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world"s hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world"s most populous continent. 2 Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the word there are only a tiny number of people who don"t have enough to eat. There are many reasons for world hunger. They include wars, droughts, floods, and the overuse of farming land. 3 Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008. Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. 4 In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. 5 The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat. A. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. B. More than a quarter are in sub-Saharan Africa. C. All these factors affect food production. D. It takes the effort of every country to fight against world hunger. E. In those places, obesity is a far bigger problem than hunger. F. Those places need far more food than they actually get. G. By the end of this year, more than 35 million people will have died as a result of not having enough to eat.

填空题Artrella

填空题The Return of the King

填空题Hans-Joachim Hell

填空题Manhattan

填空题Manhattan was founded in 1624 as New Netherland. Though it is the smallest in area, at present it is the most important of the boroughs. It has the greatest concentration of business, finance, and entertainment. Brooklyn was founded in 1646 as the little Dutch village of Breuckelen. Today Brooklyn is the second largest borough in area and the most populous area. Brooklyn sometimes is called the borough of homes and churches. But it is also an indispensable port. Almost haft of New York City's foreign trade is handled at Brooklyn's busy water front. Much of the city's heavy industry is located in Brooklyn. The borough is one of the largest manufacturing centers in the United States. Queens was founded in 1645 at Vlissingen( today called Flushing.. It is the largest borough in area. Queens is one of the city's most popular residential areas. The borough is important because of its concentration of railroads and heavy industry in the Long Island City area. New York City's main airports—John F. Kennedy International and La Guardia—are in Queens. The Bronx began as Jonas Bronck's farm in 1641. The Bronx, the second smallest borough in area, is largely residential, although many industries have grown up near the East and Harlem rivers. Staten Island was first called Staaten Eylandt. It began in 1661 with a village called Oude Dorp. This island borough, in New York Bay, was formerly called Richmond. With an area of about 157 square kilometers, its population is the smallest of those of the five boroughs. Staten Island is growing fast; but many small homes and even some farms are still found there. Although the island is mainly residential, many industries are grown up in its northern section.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　StatementsA. It is the location of important airports of New York City.B. Its northern part is the location of industries.C. Almost half of the United States' foreign trade is dealt with in its port.D. It is the greatest center of business, finance and culture.E. It has large residence but is small in area.F. It is famous for its largest transportation.G. It is one of the largest manufacturing centre in the United States.

填空题 Abbey: You can always recognize dieters from the sour expression on their faces. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie charts, gazing at themselves in mirrors, and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. What a miserable lot dieters are! Marlin: I began making some dietary and lifestyle changes during my second year of college and have been eating this way ever since. I like the way I feel when I don't eat animal foods so much more than the pleasure I used to get from eating them. I have much more energy; I need less sleep; I feel calmer; I can maintain an ideal body weight without worrying about how much I eat, and I can think more clearly. Maggie: During my first year of college, I gained forty pounds when I began throwing the javelin. For the next twenty years, I carried all of this extra weight and kidded myself that I was in good shape since that's what I weighed in college. Now that I've lost ail that extra weight, I feel great! People say all the time, "Well, how do you live without eating cheeseburgers or this or that?" and I say, "You just don't. It's not even an option. It's not that hard once you get on it." Belinda: If you are on a diet, you're always hungry, You can't be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions you eat instead of food leave you permanently dissatisfied. A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as juicy steak. So at least three times a day you will be exposed to temptation. How miserable to watch others tucking into piles of mouth watering food while you tuck a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice! And if hunger just proves too much for you, in the end you will lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. Then things will turn out to be even worse. Wood: I went on diet when my doctor told me that my blood pressure tended to be high. Only at that time did I realize the danger of being overweight. Since I began making dietary changes in 1982, eating this way has become increasingly accepted. I don't feel rye lost something after dieting. Instead, I've got something valuable. That is good health. Now match each of the persons (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements.StatementsA. Being on a diet is a torture.B. I feel better with vegetarian food.C. I lost weight after dieting.D. I began dieting for the sake of health.E. Dieting enables people to eat more than they need.F. Dieting simply causes endless worries.G. Dieting does more harm than good to one's health.

填空题He:

填空题Mark Lilla: Young clients often have not set up their credit ratings. Many of them do not have steady in-comes. They might have difficulty borrowing money from an agency in business to make loans. Parents or relatives are often their best source of loans. Of course, the parents or relatives would have to have money available and be willing to lend it. You might even get an interest-free loan. Nevertheless, a parent or relative who lends should receive interest the same as any other lender. Chris Roddy: For most consumers the cheapest place to borrow is at a commercial bank. Banks are such a good source of installment loans that it may run for a year or up to three years. Most banks also make single payment loans to consumers for short periods at 30, 60, or 90 days. A typical interest rate is 3 cents per $ 100 per day. Suppose that you used $ 100 of your credit and repaid it in 30 days. The cost would be 90 cents. Karen Barber: Another possible source of loans is a life insurance strategy. Anyone who owns this type of insurance may borrow up to the amount of its cash value. The amount the insurance company will pay in case of death is reduced by the amount of the loan. For instance, suppose that someone with $ 10,000 of insurance borrows $ 2,000 and dies leaving the loan unpaid. The insurance company would pay only $ 8,000 to the person entitled to receive the money. Louise Richard: Borrowing from pawnbrokers is both simple and expensive. In exchange for a loan the borrower leaves some item of value such as jewelry, a camera, a musical instrument, or clothing. Usually the amount of money received is far less than the actual value of the item left. When a borrower repays the loan plus interest, the pawnbroker gives the item back. If the loan is not paid within a year, the pawnbroker gets his or her money by selling the item. Jodie Morse: When money is urgently needed, people may agree to pay any price for a loan. Too late, they may find themselves in the clutches of loan sharks. A loan shark is an unlicensed lender because their rates are higher than the law allows, sometimes 1,000 percent or more a year. Borrowers are hardly ever capable of repaying their loans. It is all they can do to pay the interest. Borrowers who fail to pay the interest on time have been threatened with injury. Now match each of the persons to the appropriate statement. Note there are two extra statements. Statements A A person can borrow as much as his life insurance's cash value. B The lender gets huge profits. C The borrowers may not take as long as they want to repay their loans. D If the loan is not paid in a year, the item belongs to the lender. E Borrowing from their parents or relatives is the easiest or the best loan source for the young consumers. F The consumers without good credit can borrow money from their parents or relatives. G The interest rate of the commercial bank is the lowest. For example, the cost would be 360 cents if you borrowed $ 200 and repaid it in 60 days.

填空题Marlin

填空题Roy: Stand in front of the mirror and say, "Here is our future" five times without stop. A leader"s most important job at any organization is to lay out a road map to the future. If you can"t provide that direction, you"re a manager-not leader. Your vision must be real, practical, and something people can believe in. A good leader should have the guts to make decisions while there"s still risk in them. Fred: Identify five key areas that need improvement in your company or division and keep at them until you get them right. Your list might include such things as cost containment, quality, or customer satisfaction. And then set tough targets for each one, and hold people accountable for results. At last a good leader should measure, monitor, and review progress on a timely basis and reward results. Kevin: The internet lets your customers sound off and tell you exactly what they like or don"t like about your business. Listen to them. Get out into the markets you serve, and ask your customers for feedback. Make the necessary changes to improve service or else you may find yourself with fewer customers (and eventually, out of business). Victor: Your staff is your most important asset-in good times and in bad. Hire ambitious people who are team-builders and good communicators, who can lead the organization in turbulent times without panicking. Nurture and reward the top 20% of your staff who produce 80% of the result, and actively weed out the bottom 10% who give you 80% of the headaches. Herbert Keep your moral compass at all times especially when you need to make a difficult decision. Make sure you also have a management team what you trust and respect. Operate on the motto: Take care of your customers and the people who take care of your customers and the growth and profit will take care of themselves. Now match each of the people (61 to 65 ) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Statements A. A good leader should hire the best. B. A good leader should make technology friend. C. A good leader should lead by example. D. A good leader should give directions. E. A good leader should select future leaders. F. A good leader should honor his customers. G. A good leader should focus on certain areas in the company and improve them.

填空题I can"t believe the kind of rubbish that some people call art. Yesterday, my girlfriend dragged me to a modern art 1 to see an exhibition she had read about in the paper. It was five or six so-called installations made of bits of plastic, wood and paper that 2 just to have been thrown on the floor. It was a mess, basically—just like the floor in my sister"s house when my two-year-old nephew"s left all his toys out, but less 3 . Come to think of it, 4 you had given those bits of plastic, wood and paper to ray nephew, he could probably have 5 something just as good. I guess, sometimes, the cleaners end up throwing art like that in the bins at the end of the day, 6 they must find it hard to work out what"s an exhibit and what"s just 7 I think that if a painting or an installation looks like something I could have done myself in fifteen minutes, it doesn"t 8 to be called art. But when I say that, people like my girlfriend say I"m "uncultured." I think a lot of the people who say they 9 the kind of stuff we saw yesterday are just pretending—deep down they know it"s rubbish but they don"t want to be the first one to admit it because, unlike me, they"re 10 of being looked down on. A. afraid B. appreciate C. because D. colorful E. created F. deserve G. dislike H. gallery I. if J. litter K. object L. proved M. seemed N. serious O. when

填空题John Leaver

填空题Arthur Dennis

填空题Miss Slater