单选题According to the passage, Rafidah Aziz's critic will welcome her threat because ______.

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单选题{{I}}Questions 17～20 are based on the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read questions 17～20.{{/I}}

单选题{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}} It can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategies arises from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given product. There are three groups of consumers who are affected by the marketing process. First, there is the market segment-people who need the commodity in question. Second, there is the program target-people in the market segment with the "best fit" characteristics for a specific product. Lots of people may need trousers, but only a few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers. Finally, there is the program audience all people who are actually exposed to the marketing program without regard to whether they need or want the product. These three groups are rarely identical. An exception occurs occasionally in cases where customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable. Such customers, all sharing a particular need, are likely to form a meaningful target, for example, all companies with a particular application of the product in question, such as high-speed fillers of bottles at breweries. In such circumstances, direct selling (marketing that reaches only the program target) is likely to be economically justified, and highly specialized trade media exist to expose members of the program target--and only members of the program target--to the marketing program. Most consumer-goods markets are significantly different. Typically, there are many rather than few potential customers. Each represents a relatively small percentage of potential sales. Rarely do members of a particular market segment group themselves neatly into a meaningful program target. There are substantial differences among consumers with similar demographic characteristics. Even with all the past decade's advances in information technology, direct selling of consumer goods is rare, and mass marketing--a marketing approach that aims at a wide audience--remains the only economically feasible mode. Unfortunately, there are few media that allow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the program target. Inevitably, people get exposed to a great deal of marketing for products in which they have no interest and so they become annoyed.

单选题Industrial group Confindustria warned that ______.

单选题Schools of education have long been objects of criticism. From James Koerner"s 1963 book, The Miseducation of America"s Teachers, up through two recent reports by national commissions, critics have complained about the intellectual emptiness of the curriculum at ed schools and the lack of connection between what is taught and the realities teachers face in the classroom. A recent survey of teachers about their graduate-school training drew comments like "the shabbiest psychobabble imaginable" and "a waste of time." With an estimated 2 million new teachers needed over the next decade, the shortcomings in education schools are a practical concern. In what is a generally bleak landscape, a small number of schools stand out as innovators. Two key qualities distinguish these exemplars. First, they require that students master the subjects they will be teaching and structure their curricula accordingly. Second, these programs put a premium on hands-on experience. While traditional ed-school curricula are filled with courses on theory, the new approach places much greater emphasis on learning by doing. At Ohio State University in Columbus, students in the one, year master"s program spend half their time teaching in one of 55 Franklin County public schools, where they are paired with experienced teachers. "You are immersed from Day 1," says OSU graduate student Kelley Crockett, a 37-year-old former businesswoman who does practical training at Gables Elementary School. "And that forces you to be intimately involved." In New York City, the Bank Street College of Education—a two-year program—runs its own junior high. "That keeps us honest," says the school"s president, Augusta Kappner. "We are encouraging students to see how they function in school settings so they can constantly improve." Comparable programs exist at some other institutions, including the University of Virginia and Trinity University in San Antonio. But Linda Darling-Hamond, a professor at Columbia University"s Teachers College who is an expert on teacher training, estimates that only 40 percent of the 1,200 teacher-education programs in the country have met national accreditation standards. Most education schools, she says, "have operated bureaucratically, assuming that teachers didn"t need to know many things, "Just give them a textbook and send them on.""

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