单选题The most subversive question about higher education has always been whether the college makes the student or the student makes the college. Along with skepticism, though, economic downturns also create one big countervailing force that pushes people toward college: many of them have nothing better to do. They have lost their jobs, or they find no jobs waiting for them after high school. In economic terms, the opportunity cost of going to school has been reduced. Over the course of the 1930s, the percentage of 17-year-old who graduated from high school jumped to 50 percent, from less than 30 percent. Boys—many of whom would have been working in better times—made up the bulk of the influx. In our Great Recession, students have surged into community colleges. So who is right—these students or the skeptics? It isn"t too much of an exaggeration to say that the field of labor economics has spent the past 30 years trying to come up with an answer. In one paper after another, economists have tried to identify the portion of a person"s success for which schooling can fairly claim credit. One well-known study, co-researched by Alan Krueger, a Princeton professor now serving as the Treasury Department" s chief economist, offered some support for the skeptics. It tracked top high-school students through their 30s and found that their alma maters had little impact on their earnings. Students who got into both, say, the University of Pennsylvania and Penn State made roughly the same amount of money, regardless of which they chose. Just as you might hope, the fine-grain status distinctions that preoccupy elite high-school seniors (and more to the point, their parents) seem to be overrated. The rest of the evidence, however, has tended to point strongly in the other direction. Several studies have found a large earnings gap between more and less-educated identical twins. Another study compared young men who happened to live close to a college with young men who did not. The two groups were similar except for how easy it was for them to get to school, and the upshot was that the additional education attained by the first group lifted their earnings. "College can"t guarantee anybody a good life," says Michael McPherson, an economist who runs the Spencer Foundation in Chicago, which finances education research. "But it surely ups the odds substantially."

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}} Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} The Dragon Boat Festival is one of the three major Chinese traditional festivals, along with Spring Festival and the Moon Festival. Of the three, it is possibly the oldest, dating back to the Warring States Period. As the term suggests, dragon-boat is a boat caved like a dragon. The origin of the dragon-boat race is related to Quyuan, a senior official of Chu in the period of the Warring States. He hated the crafty sycophants in the important positions. At last, he was squeezed out by them and exiled. He threw himself into a river on the fifth of the fifth lunar month in 278 BC. The local people organized spontaneously to rescue him by rowing boat. However, the rescue ended in vain. This common practice developed into the dragon-boat sports to memorize Quyuan. The dragon-boat race has become a custom since Tang Dynasty. To win the race, the following must be concerned about: 1. High quality wood. Heavy wood will affect the speed, so it is usually made of light wood. 2. Players with energy, endurance and rowing skills. The method to choose excellent oarsmen is interesting. Two contestants sit in the same boat back to back. They both row to the directions they are facing, and the one whose direction the boat moves to is the winner. He will be chosen as the player. 3. Excellent dispatch. Since there are scores or even a hundred oarsmen on a boat, they can not win the game until they are in the same step. A strong man beat a drum in the center of the boat, and the oarsmen unity the rhythm accordingly, which helps them to be in step to win the game. Last but not least, an excellent coxswain is very important. The boat moves forward like a lightning once it sets off. It is not easy to adjust if it moves off the right direction. Nowadays, dragon-boat race has been a world competitive game. The first world dragon boat championship was held in China in 1995. Every spring there are nearly 60 dragon boat races are held outside China in cities from Vancouver to Sydney, from Gdansk, Poland to Cape Town, South Africa. Canada alone has nearly 50 dragon boat teams and Germany has nearly 30. It is influencing the world with its special power.

单选题Which of the following statement is true of the Hawaiian natives?

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单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}Read the following text, choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{/I}} British universities, {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}under the burden of a huge increase in student numbers, are {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}that the tradition of a free education is at {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The universities have {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}to impose an admission fee on students to {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}a gap in revenue if the government does not act to improve their finances and {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}some public spending cutbacks. The government responded to the universities' threat by setting up the most fundamental {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}of higher education for a generation, under a non-party troubleshooter, Sir Ron Dearing. One in three school-leavers enters higher education, five times the number when the last review took place thirty years ago. Everyone agrees a system that is feeling the {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}after rapid expansion needs a lot more money--but there is little hope of getting it from the taxpayer and not much {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}for attracting more finance from business. Most colleges believe students should {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}to tuition costs, something that is common elsewhere in the world {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}would mark a revolutionary change in Britain. Universities want the government to introduce a loan {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}for tuition fees and have suspended their own threatened action for now. They {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}Dearing's advice, hoping it will not be too late--some are already reported to be in financial difficulty. As the century {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}its end, the whole {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}of what a university should be is under the microscope. Experts {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}how much they can use computers instead of classrooms, talk of the need for {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}learning and refer to students as "consumers". The Confederation of British Industry, the key employers' organization, wants even more expansion in higher education to help fight competition on world markets from {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}Asian economies. But the government has doubts {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}more expansion. The Times newspaper agrees, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}, with close tutorial supervision giving way to "mass production methods more typical of European universities."

单选题Auction goods are sold _________.

单选题From the prevalence of using slang among the young and uneducated people, we can infer that

单选题The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmith's teachers______.

单选题______ is the study of the internal structure of words, and the roles by which words are formed. A. Morphology B. Phonology C. Phonetics D. Syntax

单选题The departure of the splendid Hale-Bopp comet is mentioned______.

单选题Which of the following can be inferred from the first paragraph?

单选题Questions 11-13 are based on the following monologue introducing Jane Austen. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.

单选题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} The more time scientists spend designing computers, the more they marvel at the human brain. Tasks that stump the most advanced supercomputer--recognizing a face, reading a handwritten note--are child's play for the 3-lb. organ. Most important, unlike any conventional computer, the brain can learn from its mistakes. Researchers have tried for years to program computers to imitate the brain's abilities, but without success. Now a growing number of designers believe they have the answer: if a computer is to function more like a person and less like an over-grown calculator, it must be built more like a brain, which distributes information across a vast interconnected web of nerve cells, or neurons. Conventional computers function by following a chainlike sequence of detailed instructions. Although very fast, their processors can perform only one task at a time. This approach works best in solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces. The processors in a neural-network computer, by contrast, form a grid much like the nerve cells in the brain. Since these artificial neurons are interconnected, they can share information and perform tasks at the same time. This two-dimensional approach works best at recognizing patterns. Instead of programming a neural-network computer to make decisions, its maker trains it to recognize the patterns in any solution to a problem by repeatedly feeding examples to the machine. This process is like a process that prepares all possible moves in a chess game and try to find a best approach to it. If the examples are not sufficient or complete, the computer will be in for trouble, after all, it can not respond to something it can not recognize as a pattern in its memory. Neural networks come in all shapes and size. The new networks will make things which were simply impossible completely feasible in the near future. What the users need to do is to wait and see. Developers are experimenting with new equipment and hopefully they will succeed. Until now most existed as software simulations because redesigning computer chips took a lot of time and money. By experimenting with different approaches through software rather than hardware, scientists have been able to avoid costly mistakes.

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单选题Art is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language. A. as B. that C. which D. where

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