填空题《复合题被拆开情况》　　In the years after World War II , Americans typically assumed the full responsibilities of adulthood by their late teens or early 20s. Most young men had【C1】_________school and were workin

填空题《复合题被拆开情况》　　In the years after World War II , Americans typically assumed the full responsibilities of adulthood by their late teens or early 20s. Most young men had【C1】_________school and were workin

What are the zebra stripes on the tomato soup cans and potato chip bags? They are special black and white vertical lines. These black and white【C1】______ can be read by an optical scanner, or computer. The "scanner," which【C2】______the lines of code, is a small laser beam of light. When the light ray is broken by the black stripes, the computer "reads" the information about the product. This code is【C3】______the Universal Product Code (UPC). It is designed【C4】______ add speed and efficiency to stores by using computers. It can do this in【C5】______ways. First, it is not necessary for workers to put individual prices on items.【C6】______using UPC, the computer can print out the accurate price of the item. Errors in prices are eliminated, or done【C7】______with. Also, the time spent checking out is reduced.【C8】______gives an itemized receipt to the customer【C9】______all the items, prices, and totals. The store clerk does not need to spend time checking the price on the item and punching it into the cash register. This UPC computerized system will probably save as【C10】______ as 45 percent of the checkout clerk' s time. What do the stripes mean? How does the computer interpret the stripes? The number【C11】______ below the vertical bars identifies the manufacturer and the manufacturer' s item. As many as 10 trillion individual machine-readable numbers can be used with this system. In the example, the 0 on the left side means that it is a grocery item. The【C12】______51000 indicate the manufacturer. In this case it is the Campbell Soup Company. The【C13】______five digits, 00011, mean it is a can of tomato soup. The light rays from the light beam read these lines, and the message is sent directly to the computer. The computer【C14】______ finds the information about this product (price, inventory data) and sends it instantly back to the terminal【C15】______the checkout counter. At the same time, it keeps an inventory for the store manager. Many products have labels with these stripes.

Why does a newborn baby have to spend the first year of his life learning to listen? Why does a newborn baby have to spend the first year of his life learning to listen?

Read the following text(s) and write an essay to 1) summarize the main points of the text(s) , 2) make clear your own viewpoints, and 3) justify your stand. In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the text(s). If you use more than three consecutive words from the text(s), use quotation marks (" "). You should write 160 -200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. However you view credit cards, it's hard to live in the modern world without one. And if you have one, you owe it to yourself to use it properly. Although credit cards are becoming a more acceptable part of the financial scene, they are still regarded with suspicion by many as being a major part of the "live now pay later" syndrome. A-long with hire purchase, rental and leasing schemes, they provide encouragement to spend more money. They can allow you to pile up debts that you have difficulty paying off, they can also let you spend next month' s salary today. Advertising campaigns have, however, promoted a growing realization of the advantages of these small pieces of plastic. They obviate the need to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies. All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may work out as high as 25 per cent a year, yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks interest free credit. It is worthwhile shopping around before deciding on a particular credit card. It is necessary to consider the amount of credit granted; interest rates, which may vary slightly; the number and range of outlets, though most cards cover major garages, hotels, restaurants and departments stores, and of course, what happens if your card is lost or stolen. Using a credit card wisely takes discipline and a little self-control. Once you realize your debt is someone else' s profit margin, your approach to your plastic will change. With a bit of discipline and some practical knowledge, you can make your cards work for you, rather than the other way round. As a matter of fact, a credit card can cost nothing or at least help to tide you over a period of financial difficulty.

[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s. [B] In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city' s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived. [C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites. [D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed. [E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields. [F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers' stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans' s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossos) on the island of Crete, in 1900. [G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research. Order:

【T1】Fathers exposed to poisonous substances are probably just as likely to be the cause of defects in their unborn infants as mothers. Yet it is women who are told to stop drinking and smoking and to look after their health when they are pregnant. And it is women who find that they are banned from jobs where they are exposed to harmful chemicals or radiation. 【T2】Despite a growing body of scientific evidence that a man' s exposure to damaging substances can affect his offspring, pregnant women are still charged with the responsibility of keeping their infants healthy, said Gladys Friedler, of the Boston University School of Medicine. "This is puzzling" , she said. "Most of the workforce is still male, so why do we still spend so much time looking at women? The health of men as well as women should be of concern. In the US, 2, 500,000 children are born with birth defects each year. In 60 percent of cases the origin of the defect is not known. 【T3】These figures do not include less obvious problems that appear later in development, such as biochemical malfunctions and behavioral problems. Many researchers still seem reluctant to contemplate that a man' s environment can influence the health of children. " If the effects had not been so obvious, we might still be reluctant to acknowledge the effect of environmental agents on women. "Despite this, there is a reluctance to accept the accumulated evidence of men' s effects on development, she said. 【T4】Some companies have already taken steps to "protect the unborn child" by excluding women from jobs where they might be exposed to dangerous substances. This has led to some bitter disputes between the women and their employers in the US. The most famous case, now before the Supreme Court, pits a group of women and their union against Johnson Controls, a company which makes batteries. 【T5】The company transferred women from higher-paying jobs where they were exposed to lead on the grounds that it had to protect unborn children. The irony is that children born to men working in the factory are probably just as much at risk.

Read the following text(s) and write an essay to 1) summarize the main points of the text(s), 2) make clear your own viewpoints, and 3) justify your stand. In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the text(s). If you use more than three consecutive words from the text(s), use quotation marks(" "). You should write 160 -200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take—at the very longest—a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.

Pay and productivity, it is generally assumed, should be related. But the relationship seems to weaken【C1】______people get older. Mental ability declines with age. That is the same for the brainy and the dim—and not 【C2】______for humans: it is measurable even for fruit flies.【C3】______minds that keep lively will suffer less than the lazy. In general, the more education you have, the more productive your old【C4】______will be. Some【C5】______decline faster than others. According to most studies, people' s numerical and reasoning abilities are at their best in their 20 s and early 30 s.【C6】______abilities—those that depend on knowledge—may improve with age. For most workers, decreased abilities will【C7】______to lower productivity; only a minority will find know-how and knowledge outweighs their failing powers. Even those employees who remain highly productive will be likely to shine only in a narrow【C8】______. Academics notice this. It is less clear that employers do. Studies of supervisors-ratings show no clear correlation【C9】______age and perceived productivity. When other employees-views are【C10】______into account though, the picture changes: these ratings suggest that workers in their 30s are the【C11】______productive and hardworking, with scores falling thereafter. That is【C12】______up by studies of work samples, which find lower productivity among the oldest employees. A study for America' s Department of Labor showed job performance peaking at 35, and【C13】______declining. It varied by industry: the fall was slower in footwear, but faster in furniture. Intellectual occupations are harder to measure, but the picture is the same. Academics seem to publish【C14】______ as they age. Painters, musicians and writers show the same tendency. Their output peaks in their 30s and 40s. The only【C15】______is female writers, who are most productive in their 50 s.

No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. " Is this what you like to accomplish with your careers?" an American senator asked Time Warner executives recently. " You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?" At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It's a self-examination that has, at different times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over from the late Steve Ross in the early 1990s. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company's mountainous debt, which will increase to $ 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T's violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. " The test of any democratic society, " he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, " lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won't retreat when we face any threats. Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills "and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the "balanced struggle"between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he proclaimed that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say some of them have shown their concerns in this matter. "Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited, "says Luce. "I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.

Read the following text(s) and write an essay to 1) summarize the main points of the text(s), 2) make clear your own viewpoints, and 3) justify your stand. In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the text(s). If you use more than three consecutive words from the text(s), use quotation marks (" "). You should write 160 -200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant that they do not trust their children to deal with crises; that they talk too much about certain problems and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent-child relationships. I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young. Young people often irritate their parents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and society of then-own. Then, if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste. This is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you were completely under your parents' control. But it ignores the fact that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself. If you plan to control your life, co-operation can be part of that plan. You can charm others, especially parents, into doing things the ways you want. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do.

Every country with a monetary system of its own has to have some kind of market in which dealers in bills, notes, and other forms of short term credit can buy and sell. The"money market" is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transactions in money and short term credit. The need for such facilities arises in much the same way that a similar need does in connection with the distribution of any of the products of a diversified economy to their final users at the retail level. If the retailer is to provide reasonably adequate service to his customers , he must have active contacts with others who specialize in making or handling bulk quantities of whatever is his stock in trade. The money market is made up of specialized facilities of exactly this kind. It exists for the purpose of improving the ability of the retailers of financial services—commercial banks, savings institutions, investment houses, lending agencies, and even governments—to do their jobs. It has little if any contact with the individuals or firms who maintain accounts with these various retailers or purchase their securities or borrow from them. The elemental functions of a money market must be performed in any kind of modern economy, even one that is largely planned or socialist, but the arrangements in socialist countries do not ordinarily take the form of a market. Money markets exist in countries that use market processes rather than planned allocations to distribute most of their primary resources among alternative uses. The general distinguishing feature of a money market is that it relies upon open competition among those who are bulk suppliers of funds at any particular time and among those seeking bulk funds, to work out the best practicable distribution of the existing total volume of such funds. In their market transactions, those with bulk supplies of funds or demands for them, rely on groups of intermediaries who act as brokers or dealers. The characteristics of these middlemen, the services they perform, and their relationship to other parts of the financial vary widely from country to country. In many countries there is no single meeting place where the middlemen get together, yet in most countries the contacts among all participants are sufficiently open and free to assure each supplier or user of funds that he will get or pay a price that fairly reflects all of the influences(including his own)that are currently affecting the whole supply and the whole demand. In nearly all cases, moreover, the unifying force of competition is reflected at any given moment in a common price(that is, rate of interest)for similar transactions. Continuous fluctuations in the money market rates of interest result from changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon the market and in the pull of current demands upon the market.

Pollution is a "dirty" word. To pollute means to contaminate—topsoil or something by introducing impurities which make【C1】______unfit or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it,【C2】______it, drink it, and stumble through it. We literally lived in and breathe pollution, and not surprisingly, it is beginning to【C3】______our health, our happiness, and our civilization. Once we thought of pollution【C4】______meaning simply the smog—the choking, stinging, dirty air that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is【C5】______the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several【C6】______attack the most basic life functions. Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides, man has polluted the land, killing the wildlife. By【C7】______sewage and chemicals into rivers and lakes, we have contaminated our 【C8】______water. We are polluting the oceans, too, killing the fish and【C9】______depriving ourselves of an invaluable food supply. Part of the problem is our exploding【C10】______. More and more people are producing more wastes. But this problem is intensified by our "throw-away"technology. Each year Americans【C11】______of 7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper, 25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans. We throw away gum wrappers, newspapers, and paper plates. It is no longer wise to【C12】______anything. Today almost everything is disposable. Instead of repairing a toaster or a radio, it is easier and cheaper to buy another one and discard the old, even 【C13】______95 percent of its parts may still be functioning. Baby diapers, which used to be made of reusable cloth, are now paper throw-aways. Soon we will wear clothing made of【C14】______:"Wear it once and throw it away" will be the slogan of the fashionable-consciousness. Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump, or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem?【C15】______, solutions are in sight. A few of them are positively ingenious.

How many children did Susan and Michael interview? How many children did Susan and Michael interview?