单选题The author points out that Chalmers's theory needs to be improved in which of the following aspects?

单选题 {{I}}Questions 18-20 are based on a monologue about an Australian city of Perth. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 18-20.{{/I}}

单选题Which of the following has the highest growth rate in the past ten years?

单选题请根据下面短文回答第65～69题： Very few people came to eat at the Happy Restaurant and its boss did not know what to do. The food in the restaurant was cheap and good, but nobody seemed to want to eat there. Then he did something. It changed all that, and in a few weeks his restaurant was always full of men with their lady friends, ff a gentleman came in with a lady, a smiling waiter would give each of them a beautiful menu(菜单). The two menus looked exactly the same on the outside, but there was an important difference inside. The gentleman's menu gave the correct price(价格) for each dish and each bottle of wine, while the lady’s menu had a much higher price. So when the man ordered(点菜) dish after dish, the lady thought he was much more generous( 慷慨的 ) than he really was.

单选题The concern throughout the world in 1988 for those three whales that were locked in the Arctic ice was dramatic proof that whales, several species of which face extinction, have become subjects of considerable sympathy. These are the recorded voices of whales. These monstrous creatures have been trumpeting their songs, one to another, in the world's oceans since the dawn of time, while overhead, great empires and civilizations have come and gone. Now, their time of decline has come. It began a long time ago. Four-thousand-year-old rock carvings show that the people who lived in what is now Norway were probably the first to seek out and kill whales in the sea. By around 890 AD, 3,000 years later, the practice had spread to the Basque people of France and Spain, who hunted whales from boats in the Bay of Biscay. In the centuries that followed, whaling became an important industry in Denmark, England, Germany, the Netherlands, and, finally, in what would become America. Whaling went into dramatic decline, beginning around 1900. Today, whales are hunted commercially only by Norway, Iceland and Japan. The world's fascination with them, however, is at an all-time high, because so few of them are left, given their tragic history. Richard Ellis writes about whales, takes pictures of whales in the open sea, and sketches whales stranded on the beach. He says it's a 20-year obsession that began in the mid-1960s, when he designed a model of a great blue for the Museum of Natural History in New York. "As I began to do the research. I realized that nobody knew anything about whales. And I couldn't really find any pictures of what they looked like: all I could find was pictures of dead whales. And I became very excited at the prospect of doing what seemed to be original research on something that was so peculiar, which was the largest animal that has ever lived on earth. " So large, he discovered, that the largest dinosaur weighed only half as much as the female blue whale. As he continued his research he boarded scientific vessels. Dove with whales in the Pacific, and even watched whales die at the hands of modern, explosive-tipped harpoons. His sketches appeared in magazines and encyclopedias and at the center of what was then the beginning of a movement to save the whales. "I was one of those people who used to stand on street corners and ask for people to sign petitions, which at that time were directed towards the Japanese and the Soviets. Because in that period of time—late 60s, early 70s—the Japanese and the Soviets were killing tens of thousands of sperm particularly in the North Pacific. And we thought that getting the world's opinion on paper would make them say, 'Oh look, all these people don't like what we are doing. We will stop.' Well, of course, they didn't stop. " Not at first, commercial whaling peaked in the mid-1960s, with more than 60,000 whales killed each year. The International Whaling Commission, a group of member nations aimed at regulating the industry, began to make recommendations to end commercial whaling entirely. Why kill whales for soap, or fuel or paints and vernishes, even margarine, if we had substitutes for all those products? The seemingly senseless slaughter focused the world's attention on the whale and consequently the International Whaling Commission or IWC. "And since it's said nowhere in the constitution of the IWC that you had to be whaling nation to join, you have countries like Kenya and the Seychelles. Switzerland is a member of the IWC, a country not known for its whaling history. Countries joined because they felt that this was something that needed to be done. " By 1986, the Commission had passed a moratorium on commercial whaling. But since the organization had no enforcement powers, it could and can not impose sanctions on violators. Only a few nations—Japan, Iceland and Norway—continue to hunt whales commercially. Richard Ellis says there is something magical about this animal caught in the net of life and time and we must continue to fight to preserve it, because in the end we are really protecting a small part of ourselves and our earth.

单选题Police in the popular resort city Virginia Beach recently began operating video surveillance cameras with controversial face recognition technology. Virginia Beach and Tampa in Florida two cities in the United States acquired the technology, which cost them $197,000. "Before we switched it on, we went through an extensive public education process with hearings and the involvement of citizen groups and minority groups, who helped write the policies we are using," said deputy police chief Greg Mullen. A citizens" auditing committee has the right to perform unannounced spot checks on police headquarters to make sure the technology is not being misused. Three of the city"s 13 cameras are linked full time to the face recognition system, though the others can be activited as needed. The database of wanted people is updated every day. So far, the system has failed to produce a single arrest, though it has generated a few false alarms. It works by analyzing faces based on a series of measurements, such as the distance from the tip of the nose to the chin or the space between the eyes. Critics say it is highly inaccurate and can be easily fooled. Mullen, who sees the system eventually being linked to the databases of other city, state and federal law enforcement agencies to track criticals and suspected terrorists, said, "The system doesn"t look at skin color or your hair or your gender. It takes human prejudices out of the equation." "This technology has little or no effect on the crime rate but it does have an effect on people"s behavior. People feel cowed," said Bruce Steinhardt, who directs the technology. Despite the fact that tests have shown faces recognition only works in around 30% cases, the ACLU is alarmed that the technology may soon spread to airports. The organization also fears it could potentially be used to monitor individual"s political activities to harass law-abiding citizens. "This kind of surveillance should be subject to the same procedures as wiretaps. Law enforcement agencies should justify why they need it and it should be tightly limited, otherwise it will soon become a tool of social control," said Mihir Kshisagar of the Electronic Information Privacy Center. Nor does such criticism come exclusively from the political left. Lawyer John Whitehead, founder of the conservative Rutherford Institute, wrote in an editorial that the technology threatened the right of each U.S. citizen to participate in society. "After all, that is exactly what constant surveillance is—the ultimate implied threat of coercion," he wrote.

单选题 Some personal characteristics play a vital role in the development of one's intelligence. But people fail to realize the importance of cultivating these factors in young people. The so-called "non-intelligence factor" include {{U}}(21) {{/U}} feelings, will, motivation, interests and habits. After a 30-year follow-up study of 8,000 males, American psychologists {{U}}(22) {{/U}} that the main cause of disparities in intelligence is not intelligence {{U}}(23) {{/U}} , but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn, will-power and self-confidence. {{U}} (24) {{/U}} people all know that one should have definite objectives, a strong will and good learning habits, quite a number of teachers and parents don't pay much attention to {{U}}(25) {{/U}} these factors. Some parents are greatly worried {{U}}(26) {{/U}} their children fail to do well in their studies. They blame either genetic factors, malnutrition, or laziness, but they never take {{U}}(27) {{/U}} consideration these non-intelligence factors. At the same time, some teachers don't inquire into these, such as reason {{U}}(28) {{/U}} students do poorly. They simply give them more course and exercises, or {{U}}(29) {{/U}} rebuke or ridicule them. After all, these students lose self-confidence. Some of them just feel defeated and {{U}}(30) {{/U}} themselves up as hopeless. Others may go astray because they are sick of learning. {{U}} (31) {{/U}} investigation of more than 1,000 middle students in Shanghai showed that 46.5 percent of them were {{U}}(32) {{/U}} of learning because of examination, 36.4 percent lacked persistence, initiative and conscientiousness and 10.3 percent were sick of learning. It is clear {{U}}(33) {{/U}} the lack of cultivation of non-intelligence factors has been a main {{U}}(34) {{/U}} to intelligence development in teenagers. It even causes an imbalance between physiological and {{U}}(35) {{/U}} development among a few students. If we don't start now to {{U}}(36) {{/U}} the cultivation of non-intelligence factors, it will not only obstruct the development of the {{U}}(37) {{/U}} of teenagers, but also affect the quality of a whole generation. Some experts have put forward {{U}}(38) {{/U}} about how to cultivate student's non-intelligence factors. First, parents and teachers should {{U}}(39) {{/U}} understand teenage psychology. On this basic, they can help them to pursue the objectives of learning, {{U}}(40) {{/U}} their interests and toughening their willpower.

单选题WhywastheStatueofLibertyclosedin2001?A.Becauseitcouldn'tendurethetestoftimeandneededrepairing.B.Becauseitwasthreatenedbyterroristattacks.C.Becauseitwasdamagedbytourists.D.Becauseitwouldendangerthevisitors.

单选题My brother ______ hard and succeeded at last. [A] works [B] worked [C] work

单选题 Are you a compulsive spender, or do you hold on to your money as long as possible? Are you a bargain hunter? Would you rather use charge accounts than pay cash.* Your answers to those questions will reflect your personality. According to psychologists, our individual money habits not only show our beliefs and values, but can also stem from past problems. Experts in psychology believe that for many people, money is an important symbol of strength. In addition, many people consider money a symbol of love. They spend it on their family and friends to express love, or they buy themselves expensive presents because they need love. People can abandon themselves to different things, for example, alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. They must satisfy these needs to feel comfortable. In the same way, according to psychologists compulsive spenders must spend more money. For those who buy on credit, furthermore, charge accounts are even more exciting. In other words, these people feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure at spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure they get from the things they buy. There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don't need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason. It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider people's needs for love, power or influence, as well as their basic values, beliefs and opinions, in their advertising and sales methods. Psychologists often use a method called" behavior therapy to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems 'with money. They give them "assignments". If a person buys something in every store that he enters, for instance, a therapist might teach him self-discipline in this way. On the first day of his therapy, he must go into a store, stay for five minutes, and then leave. On the second day, he should stay for ten minutes and try something on. On the third day, he stays for fifteen minutes, asks the sales clerk a question, but does not buy anything. Soon he will learn that nothing bad will happen to him if he doesn't buy any thing, and he can solve the problem of his compulsive buying.

单选题Scholasticthinkersheldawidevarietyofdoctrinesinbothphilosophyandtheology,thestudyofreligion.WhatgivesunitytothewholeScholasticmovement,theacademicpracticeinEuropefromthe9thtothe17thcentury,arethecommonaims,attitudes,andmethodsgenerallyacceptedbyallitsmembers.ThechiefconcernoftheScholasticswasnottodiscovernewfactsbuttointegratetheknowledgealreadyacquiredseparatelybyGreekreasoningandChristianrevelation.ThisconcernisoneofthemostcharacteristicdifferencesbetweenScholasticismandmodernthoughtsincetheRenaissance.ThebasicaimoftheScholasticsdeterminedcertaincommonattitudes,themostimportantofwhichwastheirconvictionofthefundamentalharmonybetweenreasonandrevelation.TheScholasticsmaintainedthatbecausethesameGodwasthesourceofbothtypesofknowledgeandtruthwasoneofhischiefattributes,hecouldnotcontradicthimselfinthesetwowaysofspeaking.Anyapparentoppositionbetweenrevelationandreasoncouldbetracedeithertoanincorrectuseofreasonortoaninaccurateinterpretationofthewordsofrevelation.BecausetheScholasticsbelievedthatrevelationwasthedirectteachingofGod,itpossessedforthemahigherdegreeoftruthandcertaintythandidnaturalreason.Inapparentconflictsbetweenreligiousfaithandphilosophicreasoning,faithwasthusalwaysthesupremearbiter;thetheologiansdecisionoverruledthatofthephilosopher.Aftertheearly13thcentury,Scholasticthoughtemphasizedmoretheindependenceofphilosophywithinitsowndomain.Nonetheless,throughouttheScholasticperiod,philosophywascalledtheservantoftheology,notonlybecausethetruthofphilosophywassubordinatedtothatoftheology,butalsobecausethetheologianusedphilosophytounderstandandexplainrevelation.ThisattitudeofScholasticismstandsinsharpcontrasttotheso-calleddouble-truththeoryoftheSpanish-Arabphilosopherandphysician.HistheoryassumedthattruthwasaccessibletobothphilosophyandIslamictheologybutthatonlyphilosophycouldattainitperfectly.Theso-calledtruthsoftheologyserved,hence,asimperfectimaginativeexpressionsforthecommonpeopleoftheauthentictruthaccessibleonlytophilosophy.maintainedthatphilosophictruthcouldevencontradict,atleastverbally,theteachingsofIslamictheology.Asaresultoftheirbeliefintheharmonybetweenfaithandreason,theScholasticsattemptedtodeterminetheprecisescopeandcompetenceofeachofthesefaculties.ManyearlyScholastics,suchastheItalianecclesiasticandphilosopherSt.Anselm,didnotclearlydistinguishthetwoandwereoverconfidentthatreasoncouldprovecertaindoctrinesofrevelation.Later,attheheightofthematureperiodofScholasticism,theItaliantheologianandphilosopherSt.ThomasAquinasworkedoutabalancebetweenreasonandrevelation.

单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}} Nobody can be really free from the sound. Whether we live in the middle of a modem city or a faraway village, we are surrounded by sound every day such as the sounds from television and radio, household appliances, and traffic. Sound makes up a part of our life. In fact, most of us can not bear total silence. Sound gives us a sense of safety and brings us joy. Scientific tests have also proved that total silence is a very frightening experience for human beings. A recent report shows that people feel quite lonely without background sound while they are working. The background sound which doesn't change too much may even help people to concentrate. However, sometimes, sound is not helpful and joyful in people's life. Normally, we hear these sounds at safe levels that do not affect our hearing. However, when we are exposed to harmful noise--the sounds that are too loud or loud sounds that last a long time, sensitive structures in our inner ear can be damaged, causing hearing loss. Besides, unpleasant sounds, particularly sudden and uneven ones, may cause fear and anger. Noise is a source of stress, which can lead to tiredness, irritability and headaches. Noise can also raise blood pressure, putting strain on the heart. People living in homes exposed to high levels of road-traffic noise were more likely to report having hypertension, according to a study in Environmental Health. The researchers estimate the noise levels for the addresses of more than 24,000 Swedish. They found that people exposed to an average traffic-noise level above 64 decibels ( slightly louder than a normal conversation) were 52 % more likely than people exposed to 45 decibels of road noise to report having high blood pressure, a key risk factor for heart disease, after removing age, socioeconomic status, and other variables. Noise exposure could cause hypertension by persistently elevating the body's level of stress" hormones. Now we know that noise is harmful to our health, but can we get used to the excessive noise? The answer is NO. If, after long exposure to excessive noise, we stop hearing it -- because we have become deaf!

单选题According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on

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单选题The quality of university life is declining under strain from the higher education, leading independent schools in Britain complained. The warning followed survey of the impressions of campus life gained by students of school. Poor interviewing of the applicants, infrequent contact with tutors, worries over student safety, and even complaint over the food were all seen as symptoms of the pressure on universities. Head teachers said that standards could well drop if the squeeze on university budgets continued. A survey was carried out because of fears that the level of green area in universities had declined. A great number of student suicides had raised concerns among head teachers. Although most of the 6,000 students surveyed were enjoying university life, almost a third was less than satisfied with their course. About one in 10 had serious financial problems and some gave alarming accounts of conditions around their halls of residence. Incidents mentioned included a fatal stabbing and shooting outside a hall of residence, the petrol-bombing of cars near another residence, and two racist attacks. Nine percent of women and seven percent of men rated security as unsatisfactory in the area where they lived. Salford University had the lowest satisfaction rating. Lancaster and Kingston universities were rated the safest. The survey confirmed head teachers' fears about contact between students and tutors slipping, with a quarter of the students seeing their tutors only every three weeks. New students, used to regular contact with their teachers, found it hard to adapt to the change. Interview techniques were a cause for concern, with the school calling for more training of university staff involved in admission. Some headmasters complained that interviews were increasingly "odd". One greeted an applicant by throwing him an apple. Another interview lasted only three minutes. About a quarter of the students found the workload at university heavier than they had expected. Imperial College London, Oxford and Cambridge universities registered by far the highest workload. There were difference between subjects, with architecture, engineering, veterinary science, medicine and more some science subjects demanding the most work. Veterinary science was nevertheless the most popular subject, followed by physiotherapy and history of art. General engineering, economics, computing and sociology were the least popular. The survey also confirmed previous concerns about possible racial prejudice in admission to medical courses. Applicants with names suggesting an ethnic minority background had been rejected with qualifications as good as successful white candidates.

单选题The process that the word "donate" comes from "donation" is called [A] blending [B] backformation [C] clipping [D] derivation