单选题Questions 11-14 are based on the following monologue about lottery tickets in North America. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 11-14.

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单选题 Questions 14～16 are based on a talk about Indonesians and Indonesia. You now hove 15 seconds to read Questions 14～16.

单选题During the adolescence, the development of political ideology becomes apparent in the individual: ideology here is defined as the presence of roughly consistent attitudes, more or less organized in reference to a more encompassing set of general principles. As such, political ideology is dim or absent at the beginning of adolescence. Its acquisition by the adolescent, in even the most modest sense, requires the acquisition of relatively sophisticated cognitive skills; the ability to manage abstractness, to synthesize and generalize, to imagine the future. These are accompanied by a steady advance in the ability to understand principles. The child's rapid acquisition of political knowledge also promotes the growth of political ideology during adolescence. By knowledge I mean more than the dull "facts" such as the composition of country government, that the child is exposed to in the conventional ninth-grade school course. Nor do I mean only information on current political realities. These are facts of knowledge, but they are less critical than the adolescent's absorption of a feeling for those many unspoken assumptions about the political system that comprise the common ground of understanding, for example, what the state can "appropriately" demand of its citizens, and vice versa, or the "proper" relationship of government to subsidiary social institutions, such as the schools and churches. Thus, political knowledge is the awareness of social assumptions and relationships as well as of objective facts. Much of the naivete that characterizes the younger adolescent's grasp of politics stems not from an ignorance of "facts" but from an incomplete comprehension of the common conventions of the system, of which is and not customarily done, and of how and why it is or is not done. Yet I do not want to over-emphasize the significance of increased political knowledge in forming adolescent ideology, Over the years I have become progressively disenchanted about the centrality of such knowledge and have come to believe that much current work in political socialization, by relying too heavily on its apparent acquisition, has been misled about the tempo of political understanding in adolescence. Just as young children can count numbers in series without grasping the principle of ordination, young adolescents may have in their heads many random hits of political information without a secure understanding of those concepts that would give order and meaning to the information. Children's minds pick up bits and pieces of data, but until the adolescent has grasped the encompassing function that concepts and principles provide, the data remain fragmented, random, disordered.

单选题They are (20) along the major roads throughout the Northeast. Form the parking lots, they look like railroad or trolley cars, but the cheery curtains in the windows, the flower boxes on the window sills, and the "Come on in, we're open" (21) on the doors (22) something different. These are the diners, where eating is a (23) restaurant experience. The first diners appeared almost one hundred years ago. (24) they were horse-drawn wagons filled with sandwiches, hot dogs, desserts, and coffee for people who wanted to eat (25) after 8:00 p. m. Many restaurants were already closed (26) that hour, but the diner stayed open. (27) earning the nickname, "night owl" It was not until 1897, (28) , that the trolley design of the diner became popular. When Boston, Philadelphia, and New York City (29) their horse-drawn trolleys with modern electric cars, the abandoned models were bought by (30) merchants for 15 or 20 dollars and (31) into diners. It was also during this period, however, that the diners suffered a (32) of respectability. The dilapidated cars tended to drive (33) respectable customers while (34) a less desirable clientele. At one point in their history, diners were even (35) by city order in Atlantic City, New Jersey and Buffalo, New York. (36) the diners were saved from possible extinction by a man named Patrick (Pop) Tierny, who, in the early 1900s ,created a more elegant version of the old trolley diner. (37) by the railroad dining car, "Pop" added booths, small windows, and a barrel roof to his diners. During this same period, automobiles were growing (38) popularity-and long distance travel was becoming more common. Diners along the roadside provided both pleasant and convenient (39) places for hungry travelers.

单选题She is the only one of the volunteers who ______ greatly praised by the government. A. have B. have been C. has D. has been

单选题Questions 14—16 are based on the following dialogue. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14—16.

单选题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} There is a great deal of controversy within the medical profession regarding the use and value of the coronary bypass procedure, and for more than eight years the American Heart Association has discussed the question at its regular scientific sessions. The bypass operation consists of open heart surgery in which the physician takes a vein from the patient's leg and implants it near the heart to construct a passage around the blockage in a clogged artery so that blood can flow freely by. The operation performed on about 100,000 persons a year in the US and costs approximately $10,000. The procedure is designed to relieve tie pain of angina pectoris which occurs when the blood supply's obstructed and also to allow the patient more freedom of sustained activity. In persons with advanced heart disease and blockage in several arteries, the bypass operation is considered by most doctors to be the preferable means of prolonging life. In the case of those with a less advanced disease, or where only one artery is involved, the advisability of the procedure is much more controversial. The operation doesn't cure the disease that caused the blocked arteryin the first place. According to some studies, somewhere around half of the patients have another blocked artery within five years, and in some cases even within one year. There is of course a mortality rate in any major operation which varies from physician to physician and hospital to hospital. The danger to the patient is greatly increased if he is in generally poor condition, very advanced in age, or suffering from some serious or debilitating illness. It is essential that the operation be performed by a skilled surgeon knowledgeable about this particular technique and in a hospital with the best possible facilities for his use.

单选题Questions 17-20 are based on a radio programme.

单选题 Questions 17～20 are based on a lecture about counselling services in a college. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17～20.

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单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}} Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} Competition for admission to the country's top private schools has always been tough, but this year Elisabeth realized it had reached a new level. Her wake-up call came when a man called the Dalton School in Manhattan, where Elisabeth is admissions director, and inquired about the age cutoff for their kindergarten program. After providing the information, she asked about the age of his child. The man paused for an uncomfortably long time before answering. "Well, we don't have a child yet. We're trying to figure out when to conceive a child so the birthday is not a problem. " Worries are spreading from Manhattan to the rest of the country. Precise current data on private schools are unavailable, but interviews with representatives of independent schools all told the same story: an oversupply of applicants, higher rejection rates. "We have people calling us for spots two years down the road," said Marilyn of the Seven Hills School in Cincinnati. "We have grandparents calling for pregnant daughters. " Public opinion polls indicate that Americans' No. 1 concern is education. Now that the long economic boom has given parents more disposable income, many are turning to private schools, even at price tags of well over $10,000 a year. "We're getting applicants from a broader area geographically than we ever have in the past," said Betsy of the Latin School of Chicago, which experienced a 20 percent increase in applications this year. The problem for the applicants is that while demand has increased, supply has not. "Every year, there are a few children who do not find places, but this year, for the first time that I know of, there are a significant number without places," said Elisabeth. So what can parents do to give their 4-year-old an edge? Schools know there is no easy way to pick a class when children are so young. Many schools give preference to children of their graduates. Some make the choice by drawing lots. But most rely on a mix of subjective and objective measures: tests that at best identify developmental maturity and cognitive potential, interviews with parents and observation of applicants in classroom settings. They also want a diverse mix. Children may end up on a waiting list simply because their birthdays fall at the wrong time of year, or because too many applicants were boys. The worst thing a patent can do is to pressure preschoolers to perform--for example, by pushing them to read or do math exercises before they're ready. Instead, the experts say, parents should take a breath and look for alternatives. Another year in preschool may be all that's needed.

单选题Whathappened?A.Kendidn'tgetJane'sphone-call.B.Janewentout.C.Kenwasill.