单选题　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} Floods, storms and other natural events kill thousands of people every year. So does extreme heat. Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer. For example, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India and Pakistan in two thousand seven. Daytime temperatures rose to more than forty-five degrees Celsius in some areas. On June eleventh, the temperature in one desert town hit fifty-one degrees. Experts say the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. Several hot days are considered a heat wave. Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body. Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat. Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials. Make sure the clothing is loose, permitting freedom of movement. And learn the danger signs of the medical problems that are linked to heat. The most common health problem linked to hot weather is heat stress. Usually, it is also the least severe. The causes of heat stress include wearing heavy clothing, physical work or exercise, hot weather or high humidity. Humidity is the amount of water in the air. If several of these conditions are present at the same time, a person's body temperature may rise above safe limits. The person loses large amounts of body water and salt in perspiration. Perspiration is one of the body's defenses against heat. It is how the body releases water to cool the skin. Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress. The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say those suffering muscle pain should stop all activity and rest in a cool place. They should also drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical activity for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop. So experts advise drinking more water in hot weather. Doctors say actions other than drinking water can protect against the death dangers of heat. Stay out of the sun, if possible. Wear loose, light-weight and light colored clothes. Wear a hat or other head covering when in the sun. Eat fewer hot and heavy foods. If possible, cook foods during cooler times of the day. Also, rest more often. Physical activity produces body heat. Experts say these simple steps can prevent the dangerous health problems linked to heat. They will prevent sickness, help you feel better and may one day even save your life.

单选题As West Nile virus creeps toward California, an unlikely warrior could provide the first line of defense: the chicken. The familiar fowl make irresistible targets for mosquitoes. Unlike crows, chickens don't get sick from West Nile. But they do produce telltale antibodies to the virus. So in test coops scattered across the state, more than 2000 "sentinel chickens" submit to frequent blood tests. When antibodies dò turn up, California health officials will know that the inevitable has occurred.- the West Nile epidemic will have swept the country. Last week alone, more than 100 new human cases of West Nile were reported. The virus was detected as far west as Colorado and Wyoming, infecting 371 and killing 16 people in 20 states plus the District of Columbia. This year West Nile appeared earlier in the mosquito season — mid-June instead of August — and claimed younger victims; the average age dropped from 65 to 54. Federal health officials are still trying to figure out why, but say they may be finding more West Nile precisely because they're on the lookout for it. As Dr Julie Gerberding, the new director of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), recently told reporters, "We're not in crisis mode. " When West Nile hit New York City in 1999, the CDC realized it was a victim of its own success. Because health officials had conquered most mosquito-borne diseases decades ago, many states abolished their mosquito-to-control programs. The Feds rushed in with funds — some $ 50 million since 1999, plus $ 31 million more this year alone — to train insect researchers, set up state testing labs and kill off the annoying insects. The CDC established a new computer monitoring system and held strategy sessions with state officials. Some epidemiologists question the focus — and the millions — lavished on a virus that's killed fewer than20. "There's an epidemic in gun violence that's taking more lives than West Nile virus," says Dr William Steinmann, director of the Tulane Center for Clinical Effectiveness and Prevention. But the Feds say their efforts have kept West Nile from doing far more damage. "We're basically building the infrastructure to deal with this over the next 50 years," says Dr Lyle Peterson, a CDC epidemiologist. "This is here to stay." So far, there are no remedies for West Nile. Officials eventually expect the virus to settle into a quiet pattern of mild infections with occasional outbreaks. To do battle at home, the CDC recommends eliminating standing water and using insect spray with DEET — simple precautions, but the best defense against an invader that shows no signs of going away.

单选题The population of the United States is only 6% of the world"s population, but Americans 1 one third of all the energy 2 in the world. This fact alone says that Americans need to use less energy. And because the price of energy had been rising very rapidly 3 the limited supplies of oil in particular, Americans are becoming aware to the need to 4 energy. In California we have a California Energy Commission which has set up in the past five years to 5 plan for our future energy use. We have 6 laws in California to help us conserve energy. First of all, our houses in California have been very 7 of energy in the past. They were not 8 very carefully and so the heat would go out of the house very rapidly. Now we require that the homes have a 9 level of insulation, and so the homes built now are much more 10 . 11 , in transportation 12 a large percentage of oil energy is used, we need to develop more public transportation. In China, of course you have a very good public transportation system. And it is a (n) 13 for the kind of thing we need to develop more in the United States. Automobiles are also becoming more 14 . The smaller automobile with efficient engine can help to conserve a large amount of energy along with planning our 15 more carefully. Many different studies have shown that we could 16 our energy consumption by 17 half or two thirds and still have the 18 quality of life. And many different types of technologies are currently being researched as to 19 they can be built to use 20 energy and still supply the same service.

单选题{{B}}Part B{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. After millennia of growth which was so slow that each generation hardly noticed it, the cities are suddenly racing off in every direction. The world population goes up by two percent a year, city population goes up by four percent a year, but in big cities the rate may be as much as five and six percent a year. (61) {{U}}To give only one example of almost visible acceleration. Athens today grows by three dwellings and 100 square meters of road every hour.{{/U}} There is no reason to believe that this pace will slacken. (62) {{U}}As technology gradually swallows up all forms of work, industrial and agricultural, the rural areas are going to shrink,{{/U}} just as they have shrunk in Britain, and the vast majority of their people will move into the city. In fact, in Britain now only about four or five percent of people live in rural areas and depend upon them; all through the developing world the vanguard of the rural exodus has reached the urban fringes already, and there they huddle in shanty towns. We are heading towards an urban world. (63) {{U}}This enormous increase will go ahead whatever we do, and we have to remember that the new cities devour space.{{/U}} People now acquire far more goods and things. (64) {{U}}There is a greater density of household goods, they demand more services such as sewage and drainage.{{/U}} Above all, the car changes everything: rising incomes and rising populations can make urban car density increase by something like four and five percent in a decade; traffic flows rise to fill whatever scale of highways are provided for them. The car also has a curious ambivalence: it creates and then it destroys mobility. The car tempts people further out and then gives them the appalling problem of getting back. It makes them believe they can spend Sunday in Brighton, but makes it impossible for them to return before, say, two in the morning. (65) {{U}}People go further and further away to reach open air and countryside which continuously recedes from them,{{/U}} and just as their working weeks decline and they begin to have more time for leisure, they find they cannot get to the open spaces or the recreation or the beaches which they now have the time to enjoy.

单选题So she was not surprised to see a number of hands go up ______ she finished speaking. A. as soon as B. since C. until D. while

单选题 A person becomes part of the Christian community through baptism--it is a matter of choice{{U}} (21) {{/U}}birth. The Christian community is a gathered community{{U}} (22) {{/U}}who believe that Jesus is the Christ and that they have salvation{{U}} (23) {{/U}}. It is open to males and females of any age, race, or{{U}} (24) {{/U}}. A Christian is normally affiliated with a particular parish or congregation that is{{U}} (25) {{/U}}the care of a particular clergyperson. A baptized person is usually{{U}} (26) {{/U}}a Christian by all Christians everywhere; however, there may be some additional requirements to meet if a person{{U}} (27) {{/U}}to a church of a different tradition. Giving money and goods needed by others{{U}} (28) {{/U}}a part of Christian living. Some Christians engage in tithing, the{{U}} (29) {{/U}}of 10 percent of their income to support the work of the church,{{U}} (30) {{/U}}includes charitable services of those in need. Other Christians give smaller{{U}} (31) {{/U}}of their income to the church but contribute either directly to those in need or to organizations that serve human beings or lower animals. Although some Christians believe the world will continue to become more evil until Christ returns to earth,{{U}} (32) {{/U}}think that they{{U}} (33) {{/U}}improve the world. Christian service to God means,{{U}} (34) {{/U}}, not only charity to meet current needs but also altering institutions and structures of society in order to{{U}} (35) {{/U}}poverty, illness, and injustices. For some Christians, the social implications of the gospel are almost as important as the religious. John Woolman visited the slaveholders in the United States to{{U}} (36) {{/U}}them to free their slaves. Henry Ward Beecher openly supported a campaign to free all the slaves. Walter Rauschenbusch labored to improve living and working conditions for poor people in cities. Albert Schweitzer brought modern medicine to peoples in Africa. Martin Luther King used the{{U}} (37) {{/U}}resistance methods{{U}} (38) {{/U}}by Mohandas K. Gandhi to win recognition of civil right for black people of the United states. Mother Teresa worked to save abandoned children in Calcutta. These few examples give some idea of the{{U}} (39) {{/U}}of activities{{U}} (40) {{/U}}have fostered to improve the living conditions of their fellow humans.

单选题{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}} Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms ofspeech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ("this" and "that"); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed .from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future. This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologist that all cultures are to be viewed independently and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.

单选题The FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) had found a new way to catch criminals by looking at their jeans. Scientists from the bureau reported at last week's meeting of the American academy of Forensic Sicences in San Francisco that every pair of blue jeans has a unique wear pattern. The FBI has already used this "bar code" to place a suspect at the scene of a crime. Richard Vorder Bruegge, a scientist at the FBI laboratory in Washington D.C., and his colleagues developed the technique while helping to identify suspects who were robbing banks and setting off bombs in Washington. In April 1996, one of the gang was caught on film. He was wearing a mask, but part of his trousers was visible. When the photograph was enlarged, Vorder Bruegge noticed light and dark lines running across the seam of the man's jeans. His seam found that the pattern originated from slight imperfections introduced when the trousers were made. Workers sew the seams by pushing the fabric through a machine, and the irregularity of that motion stretches and binds the fabric. The colored layer of cotton in the raised portion is worn away, creating white bands. The patches are more striking on jeans than other types of trousers because they are often allowed to become extremely worn, "People just keep wearing them," says Vorder Bruegge. The FBI analyzed the jeans of suspects in the Washington case. One pair had a pattern with over two dozen features that matched the jeans Vorder Bruegge's team photographed. At the trial, the defense called in a used jeans exporter as an expert witness who claimed the patterns were common to all jeans. He showed the court 34 similar pairs, but in each case the FBI could distinguish them from the accused. The suspect was convicted.

单选题When I was there, he was still working. He said that he (41) for the last two hours (42) that he was going to stop (43) . He added that if I had arrived ten minutes later, I (44) at home. When I mentioned that the house looked quite (45) , he said that the woman (46) usually cleaned it had been sick for some time and (47) for over a week. When I asked him (48) he did not do it himself, he said that he (49) to do so if Mrs. Jones did not come the (50) .

单选题What is the man"s chief responsibility in the Green Peace organization?

单选题Well, he made it up. All of it, apparently. According to a report published on December 29th by Seoul National University in South Korea, its erstwhile employee Hwang Woo-suk, who had tendered his resignation six days earlier, deliberately falsified his data in the paper on human embryonic stem cells that he and 24 colleagues published in Science in May 2005. In particular, Dr Hwang claimed he had created 11 colonies of human embryonic stem ceils genetically matched to specific patients. He had already admitted that nine of these were bogus, but had said that this was the result of an honest mistake, and that the other two were still the real McCoy. A panel of experts appointed by the university to investigate the matter, however, disagreed. They found that DNA fingerprint traces conducted on the stem-cell lines reported in the paper had been manipulated to make it seem as if all 11 lines were tailored to specific patients. In fact, none of them matched the volunteers with spinal-cord injuries and diabetes who had donated skin cells for the work. To obtain his promising "results", Dr Hwang had sent for testing two samples from each donor, rather than a sample from the donor and a sample of the cells into which the donor's DNA had supposedly been transplanted. The panel also found that a second claim in the paper — that only 185 eggs were used to create the 11 stem cell lines — was false. The investigators said the actual number of eggs used was far larger, in the thousands, although they were unable to determine an exact figure. The reason this double fraud is such a blow is that human embryonic stem-cell research has great expectations. Stem cells, which have not yet been programmed to specialise and can thus, in principle, grow into any tissue or organ, could be used to treat illnesses ranging from diabetes to Parkinson's disease. They might even be able to fix spinal-cord injuries. And stem cells cloned from a patient would not be rejected as foreign by his immune system. Dr Hwang's reputation, of course, is in tatters. The university is now investigating two other groundbreaking experiments he claims to have conducted — the creation of the world's first cloned human embryo and the extraction of stem cells from it, and the creation of the world's first cloned dog. He is also in trouble for breaching ethical guidelines by using eggs donated by members of his research team. And it is even possible that the whole farce may have been for nothing. Cloned embryos might be the ideal source of stem cells intended to treat disease, but if it proves too difficult to create them, a rough-and-ready alternative may suffice.