单选题Thomas Hardy wrote the following novels EXCEPT [A] Great Expectations. [B] Tess of the D'Urbervilles. [C] The Return of the Native. [D] Under the Greenwood Tree.

单选题So sudden ______ that the enemy had no time to escape. A. was the attack B. the attack was C. did the attack D. the attack did

单选题Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth's surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small. The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result. The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous earthquakes almost a thing of the past. There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis. (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They have nothing to do with tides.) In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wavelength. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them "tsunamis", meaning "harbor waves", because they reach a sizable height only in harbors. Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An adequate warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave.

单选题Publicity offers several benefits. There are no costs for message time or space. An ad in prime-time television may cost $ 250, 000 to $ 5, 000, 000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. However, there are costs for news releases, a publicity department, and other items. As with advertising, publicity reaches a mass audience. Within a short time, new products or company policies are widely known. Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media. A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper, because the reader associates independence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads. For example, Women's Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements. Readers spend time reading the stories, but they flip through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine. Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly. Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions cited by the media, and media have the ability to be much more critical than a company would like. For example, in 1982, Procter ＆ Gamble faced a substantial publicity problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo. A few ministers and other private citizens believed resulted in the firm receiving 15, 000 phone calls about the rumor in June alone. To combat this negative publicity, the firm issued news releases featuring prominent clergy that refuted the rumors, threatened to sue those people spreading the stories, and had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America. The media cooperated with the company and the false rumors were temporarily put to rest. However, in 1985, negative publicity became so disruptive that Procter ＆ Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products. A firm may want publicity during certain periods, such as when a new product is introduced or a new store is opened, but the media may not cover the introduction or opening until after the time it would aid the firm. Similarly, media determine the placement of a story: it may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media ascertain whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it. A company-sponsored fobs program might go unreported or receive three-sentence coverage in a local newspaper.

单选题As the fall semester ended, my students had a chance to turn the tables on their teacher. They got to grade me anonymously, assessing the clarity of my thinking, my organizational skills and the depth of my knowledge. At their best, such evaluations keep me alert to what works and what does not. Students reflect my performance back to me, and I am glad to learn what they think of teaching, so that I might try to improve. I am also aware that the students' comments become the primary evidence of my abilities, a paper trail following me throughout my career. When I come up for review, the promotion committee will examine my evaluations to determine just what kind of teacher I am. There is, of course, nothing wrong with accountability. But this system assumes that what students need is the same as what they want. Reading my evaluations every semester has taught me otherwise. Many students' expectation for their courses has changed, reflecting, in part, the business model more universities are following. Classes are considered services, and parents are eager to get their money's worth from their children's education. Students feel pressure from their parents to derive practical use from their courses. This could make sense for an engineering course, but in my field, creative writing, which rarely churns out polished 21-year-old writers, it is trickery to provide the results that the career-minded student craves. Then I stumbled upon some dubious reaching techniques, reversed the criticisms of these chronically unhappy students and improved my student evaluations for the semester. My record would reflect a smart, attentive, encouraging teacher, but I would argue that I taught these students little. They loved me because ! agreed that writing should be easy. I know other teachers who have done the same thing: teach your heart out to the teachable but be sure to please the unteachable, to keep your ratings high, like a politician trying to improve his poll results. I believe in the struggle, and most students I have met do too. But I still can't help wincing when I read, "The instructor is mean." "Marcus is not committed to my work." "This class sucks." The business model has taught me that the customer is always right. But maybe a few more dissatisfied customers would mean a better learning experience.

单选题Humans are forever forgetting that they can't control nature. Exactly 20 years ago, a Time magazine cover story announced that “scientists are on the verge of being able to predict the time , place and even the size of earthquakes.” The people of quake-ravaged Kobe (神户)learned last week how wrong that assertion was. None of the methods conceived two decades ago has yet to discover a uniform warning signal that preceded all quakes, let alone any sign that would tell whether the coming temblor (震动) is mild or a killer. Earthquake formation can be triggered by many factors, says Hiroo Kanamori, formation can be triggered by many factors, says Hiroo Kanamori, a seismologist (地震学家)at the California Institute of Technology, So, finding one all - purpose warning sign is impossible. One reason: Quakes start deep in the earth, so scientists can't study them directly . If a quake precursor were found, it would still be impossible to warn humans in advance of all dangerous quakes, Places like Japan and California are riddled with hundreds, if not thousands, of minor faults. Prediction would be less important if scientists could easily build structures to withstand tremors, While seismic engineering has improved dramatically in the past 10 to 15 years, every new quake reveals unexpected weaknesses in “quake – resistant” structures, says Terry Tullis, a geophysicist at Brown University. In Kobe, for example, a highway that opened only last year was damaged. In the Northridge earthquake, on the other hand, well-built structures generally did not collapse. A recent report in science adds yet more anxiety about life on the faulty lines. Researchers ran computer simulations to see how quake-resistant buildings would fare in a moderate- size temblor, taking into account that much of a quakes energy travels in a large “pulse” of focused shaking. The results: Both steel-frame buildings and buildings that sit on insulating rubber pads suffered severe damage. More research will help experts design stronger structures and possibly find quake precursors. But it is still a certainty that the next earthquakes will prove once again that every fault cannot be monitored and every highway cannot be completely quake - proofed.

单选题Questions 17—20 are based on the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17—20.

单选题We often hear advice from the dermatologists, "You should keep using sunscreen cream—just to be safe". More and more people are questioning about sunscream. Can sunscreen cream help protect me against melanomas? How safe are we in applying these chemical cocktails? Does it actually stop melanomas, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, from forming? As is known to all, sunscreen cream can protect the skin from the harmful effects of sun. The most important function of it is the prevention of skin cancer. A great number of American people like to use it. Surprisingly, this kind of cancer is increasing in incidence faster than any other cancer in the United States. It seems that sunscreen actually increases the risk of skin cancer. More and more health experts are taking a discommendable attitude to the application of sunscreen. Researchers show that the earlier finding has many flaws and is unable to prove the exact function because they fail to take into account many exceptional cases. For instance, some people prefer to use sunscreen cream while going out. However, sunscreen cream users suffer from cancer more often. In fact, sunscreen cream allows people to remain exposed in the sun longer. People are likely to get skin problem under the sunshine for a long time. Besides, many people use the sunscreen cream in an inappropriate way. The sunscreen cream should be applied about half an hour before going outside, so the time is enough for the sunscreen to soak in and take effect. In fact, the protection of sunscreen will not last indefinitely. It should be reapplied at least every two hours when people stay outdoors for a prolonged period. After swimming, bathing, perspiring heavily, or drying off with a towel or handkerchief, you had better reapply it, too. Millions of gallons of sunscreen cream are consumed each year. Only 5% of products overall met the criteria for safety and sunscreen effectiveness. Three of five brand name products can not protect the skin from sun damage sufficiently or they contain hazardous chemicals, according to a report by Environmental Working Group (EWG). It is time to change our misunderstanding now. In fact, besides the sunshine-preventing function, it also has the function of protecting our skin. We all know that the sun impacts collagen production in the skin, and without collagen, skin won"t naturally maintain that plump, moist, youthful, wrinkle-free look. Without the protection of sunscreen cream, just a few minutes of daily sun exposure over the years can cause noticeable changes in skin. Sunscreen cream can protect our skin from these damaging rays, so that even if we do spend time outdoors, our face is less likely to give away our age.

单选题Wheredidtheapplicantgettheinformationaboutthejobvacancy?

单选题"rule of thumb"in the last paragraph means______.

单选题In the early days of ancient Olympic Games ______.

单选题Questions 11—13 are based on the following talk about the advantage of shopping around. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11—13.

单选题You might think the largest library in the world would be in Europe. But it isn't. It's in Washington, D.C. It's called the Library of Congress (国会图书馆). President (总统) John Adams started the library in 1800 for members of Congress. He wanted them to be able to read books about law. The first 740 books were bought in England. They were simply set up in the room where Congress met. Then President Thomas Jefferson sold Congress many of his own books. He felt Congress should have books on all subjects, not just on lag. This idea changed the library forever. The library grew and grew. Now it covers a lot of land. In it there are 20 million books as well as a great number of pictures, movies and machines. Experts (专家) in every field work there. Hundreds of people ring them up every day with all kinds of questions. Many of them get answers right over the phone.