单选题The soldiers soon reached ______ was once an old temple ______ the villagers used as a school. A. which; where B. what; which C. where; which D. what; where

单选题If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the changes of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Changing fashions are nothing more than the international creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes. When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.

单选题 {{I}}Questions 17-20 are based on the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read questions 17-20.{{/I}}

单选题The children ran away from the orchard, ______ they saw the guard. A. before B. if C. the moment D. while

单选题Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?

单选题Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fibre of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild, The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associated freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called "popular science" makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it--as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.

单选题If adults liked to read books that were exceedingly difficult, they'd all be reading Proust. Most don't. So why, reading experts ask, do schools expect children to read—and love to read—when they are given material that is frequently too hard for them? Science and social studies textbooks are at least a grade above the reading levels of many students, experts say, and in some suburban and urban school systems, reading lists can include books hard for some adults to tackle. Toni Morrison's award-winning novel Beloved, about a former slave's decision to kill her child rather than see her enslaved, is on some middle schools' lists for kids to read unassisted. To be sure, pushing some students to challenge themselves is important, educators say. But there are points where kids read books before they can truly comprehend them and then lose the beauty of the work. "Teachers studied The Great Gatsby in college and then want to teach that book because they have smart things to say about it, and they teach it in high school, " Calkins said. "Then schools want to get their middle school kids ready for high school so they teach them The Catcher in the Rye. It's a whole cultural thing. " In large part, Dr. Richard Allington, a leading researcher on reading instruction and a professor of reading education at the University of Tennessee, blames inappropriately chosen books for students' reading woes, especially in school systems where large percentages of children read below grade level. The average fifth-grade student in Detroit and Baltimore, for example, reads at a third-grade level, he said, but schools still give them fifth-grade core reading and social studies texts. That, he said, crushes a child's motivation. "If you made me education magician and I had one thing that I could pull off, it would be that every kid in this country had a desk full of books that they could actually read accurately, fluently, with comprehension, " he said. Soft Sinozich, a seventh-grader in the Humanities and Communications Magnet Program at Eastern Middle School in Montgomery County, said she would like to be assigned books that speak to her. In sixth-grade English, "graphic novels were excluded, which annoyed many of us, " said Soft, who is partial to Japanese comics called manga because she finds the style beautiful and the stories well done. Many teachers exclude graphic novels and comics from reading lists, even though a graphic novel was nominated for the National Book Award this year. And Archbishop Desmond Tutu, a Nobel Peace Prize winner, has said he learned to read through comics after his schoolmaster father disregarded others who said they would lead to no good. So should kids read Shakespeare or the comics? Graphic novels or To Kill a Mockingbird? Reading experts say they should read everything—when they are ready to understand what they are reading.

单选题Questions 11-13 are based on a talk about World AIDS Day.

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} In 1987, there were over 1.5 million violent crimes reported in the United States. Most of this violence comes from aggressive people. Psychologists are trying to understand the cause of aggressive behavior that results in injury or death. Psychologists say that extreme aggression runs in families. In other words, if your parents are very aggressive, there is a strong possibility that you will be too. A team of researchers recently studied a large group of children over a 22-year period. The researchers discovered that the aggressive children grow up to become aggressive adults. Furthermore, the males are likely to have criminal records before the age of 30. This pattern continues as the aggressive adults in turn severely punish their own children. When a child's aggressive behavior becomes part of his or her character, it is not easy to change. Therefore, it is important to try to prevent it before adolescence, many psychologists believe that watching violence on television may cause children to become aggressive. One solution may be that parents forbid their children to watch violent television programs. Aggressive behavior in very young children should be immediately stopped by the parents before it becomes more severe. Other researchers have found that men are more aggressive than women. Although this seems to be socially acceptable, there is also a biological reason for this difference. Very aggressive people have a low amount of a chemical serotinin in the brain. This is true for both men and women. In general, though, men have lower level of serotinin. There are different patterns of aggressive behavior. One type is chronic aggression. Another type of aggressive behavior is impulsive. That is, the violent actions are sudden and unpredictable. Researchers have discovered that some people who are impulsively aggressive can be helped by a medication called lithium (锂). Lithium seems to stabilize the serotonin level in the brain. Scientists have tested this drug with laboratory animals. Lithium effectively reduced their aggressive behavior. In general, psychologists agree that aggressive behavior should be treated in childhood before the behavior becomes permanent. However, some children will grow up to become violent adults and may hurt themselves or others. Lithium and other medications may be an effective treatment for them.

单选题 Police in the popular resort city Virginia Beach recently began operating video surveillance cameras with controversial face recognition technology. Virginia Beach and Tampa in Florida two cities in the United States acquired the technology, which cost them $197000. "Before we switched it on, we went through an extensive public education process with hearings and the involvement of citizen groups and minority groups, who helped write the policies we are using," said deputy police chief Greg Mullen. A citizens' auditing committee has the right to perform unannounced spot checks on police headquarters to make sure the technology is not being misused. Three of the city's 13 cameras are linked full time to the face recognition system, though the others can be activited as needed. The database of wanted people is updated every day. So far, the system has failed to produce a single arrest, though it has generated a few false alarms. It works by analyzing faces based on a series of measurements, such as the distance from the tip of the nose to the chin or the space between the eyes. Critics say it is highly inaccurate and can be easily fooled. Mullen, who sees the system eventually being linked to the databases of other city, state and federal law enforcement agencies to track criticals and suspected terrorists, said, "The system doesn't look at skin color or your hair or your gender. It takes human prejudices out of the equation." "This technology has little or no effect on the crime rate but it does have an effect on people's behavior. People feel cowed, "said Bruce Steinhardt, who directs the technology. Despite the fact that tests have shown faces recognition only works in around 30% cases, the ACLU is alarmed that the technology may soon spread to airports. The organization also fears it could potentially be used to monitor individual's political activities to harass law-abiding citizens. "This kind of surveillance should be subject to the same procedures as wiretaps. Law enforcement agencies should justify why they need it and it should be tightly limited, otherwise it will soon become a tool of social control, "said Mihir Kshisagar of the Electronic Information Privacy Center. Nor does such criticism come exclusively from the political left. Lawyer John Whitehead, founder of the conservative Rutherford Institute, wrote in an editorial that the technology threatened the right of each U. S. citizen to participate in society. "After all, that is exactly what constant surveillance is—the ultimate implied threat of coercion," he wrote.

单选题—The old man wouldn't stay at home for a rest even if it rained. —______. She would feel sick if she stayed home for one day. A. So would my grandma B. So wouldn't my grandma C. Neither would my grandma D. Nor wouldn't my grandma

单选题{{B}}Passage 4{{/B}} The controversial Anglo-French supersonic transport plane, the Concorde, had attracted much attention because it is unusually loud. A late-model jumbo 747, for example, creates 100 or more decibels of sound over an eight-square-kilometer area. The Concorde spreads a 100-decibel-plus blanket of noise over some 140 square kilometers. On takeoff, the Concorde sounds like four F-4 fighter jets taking off at once. Its penetrating, low-frequency rumble makes the Concorde "completely distinctive" from other jets. What bothers noise experts is that plenty of commonplace machines are just as loud as, or even louder than, the Concorde. A sanitation truck can be noisier, and so can a heavy diesel truck pulling away from a stop sign. One expert who has gone out of his way to dramatize the prevalent offensiveness of the city sound-scale is Dr. Thomas H. Fay, director of speech and hearing at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in New York. Dr. Fay took a sound-meter into a New York City subway and proved that an approaching train can be twice as loud as the Concorde. Since World War Ⅱ, the number of the high-powered noise-makers, from trucks and motorcycles to air conditioners and sirens has increased almost geometrically. It' s no wonder that in many areas of the country, especially in the suburbs, the average sound level has doubled in 20 years. Noise experts estimate that city noises are increasing a half-decibel a year. They found that in 1971 the quietest parts of Los Angeles--thought to be a relatively quiet city--were louder than the loudest districts of New York in 1937.

单选题Nowadays, our society is being reshaped by information technologies—computers, telecommunications networks, and other digital systems. Of course, our Society has gone through other periods of dramatic change before, driven by such innovations as the steam engine, railroad, telephone, and automobile. But never before have we experienced technologies that are evolving so rapidly, altering the constraints of time and space, and reshaping the way we communicate, learn, and think. The rapid development of digital technologies creates not only more opportunities for the society but challenges to it as well. Institutions of every stripe are grappling to respond by adapting their Strategies and activities. It is no exaggeration to say that information technology is completely changing the relationship between people and knowledge. But ironically, at the most knowledge-based entities—the colleges and universities—the pace of transformation has been relatively modest. Although research has been transformed by informa tion technology in many ways, and it is increasingly used for student and faculty communications, other higher-education functions have remained almost unchanged. For example, teaching largely continues to follow a classroom-centered, seat-based paradigm. However, some major technology aided teaching experiments are emerging, and some factors suggest that digital technologies may eventually drive significant change throughout academia. American academia has undergone significant change before. The establishment of secular education began during the 18th century and the Land-Grant College Act of 1862 resulted in another transformation. That Act created institutions serving agriculture and industries; academia was no longer just for the wealthy but charged with providing educational opportunities to the working class as well. Around the year of 1900, the introduction of graduate education began to expand the role of the university in training students for careers both scholarly and professional. Higher education has already experienced significant technology-based change, even if it currently lags other sectors in some areas. We expect that the new technology will eventually impose a profound impact on university's teaching by freeing the classroom from its physical and temporal bounds and by providing students with access to original source materials and that new learning communities driven by information technology will allow universities to better teach students how to be critical analyzers and consumers of information. The information society has greatly expanded the need for university-level education; lifelong learning is not only a private good for those who pursue it but also a social good in terms of our nation's ability to maintain a vibrant democracy and support a competitive workforce.

单选题Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both _________.A. ironical C. instructiveB. sensitive D. cynical