单选题In a democratic society citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public offices, taxes, constitutional amendments, environmental concerns, foreign policy, and other issues. The opinions held by any population are shaped and manipulated by several factors: individual circumstances, the mass media, special-interest groups, and opinion leaders. Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people. Factory workers probably do not share the same views as white-collar workers, non-union workers. Women employed outside their homes sometimes have perspectives different from those of full-time homemakers. In these and other ways individual status shapes one's view of current events. The mass media, especially television, are powerful influences on the way people think and act. Government officials note how mail from the public tends to "follow the headlines". Whatever is featured in newspapers and magazines and on television attracts enough attention that people begin to inform themselves and to express opinions. The mass media have also created larger audiences for government and a wider range of public issues than existed before. Prior to television and the national editions of newspapers, issues and candidates tended to remain localized. In Great Britain and West Germany, for example, elections to the national legislatures were usually viewed by voters as local contests. Today's elections are seen as struggles between party leaders and programs. In the United States radio and television have been beneficial to the presidency. Since the days ot Franklin D. Roosevelt and his "fireside chats", presidents have appealed directly to a national audience over the heads of Congress to advocate their programs. Special-interest groups spend vast sums annually trying to influence public opinion. Public utilities, for instance, tried to sway public opinion in favor of nuclear power plants. Opposed to them were citizens' organizations successful advertising campaign designed to prevent the passage of medicare. Opinion leaders are usually such prominent public figures as politicians, some business personalities, and celebrity athletes. The opinions of these individuals, whether informed and intelligent or not, carry weight with some segments of the population. Some individuals, such as Nobel Prize winners, are suddenly thrust into public view by the media. By quickly reaching a large audience, their views gain a hearing and are perhaps influential in shaping views on complex issues.

单选题According to the author, one can hardly achieve excellence unless one

单选题On the basis of their observations, scientists

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单选题Questions 14-16 are based on the following conversation about a walkathon.

单选题In the paragraph that follows this passage, we may expect the author to discuss ______.

单选题 In the 1960s the West Coast became an important center for rock music. Los Angeles and Southern California are famous for sunshine and surfing. There, a quieter kind of rock called surf rock became famous. The Beach Boys sang songs like "Surfin' U. S. A.", "California Girls" and "Fun, Fun, Fun". These songs made people dream about the good life in California. San Francisco was a center for young people and rock music in the late 1960s. This was the time of the Vietnam War, student protest, hippies, and drugs. Hippies talked about love and peace. They wore brightly colored clothes and had long hair. They listened to rock and folk-rock music. Drugs were a serious problem during that time. The deaths of three young rock stars, Janis Jopling, Jim Morrison and the great guitar player Jimi Hendrix were all related to drugs. Not all of the rock musicians came from California or the U. S. A.. That was the time of the great British rock groups like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones. British rock musicians had a very important place in the rock music of the 1960s in America. Another kind of softer rock music was created by the singers. Singers like Joni Mitchell and James Taylor wrote their own lyrics and their own music. Their songs were about love and friendship, good and bad times. In the 1960s big rock concerts were very welcomed by everyone. The most famous concert was Woodstock. In 1969 in New York State, a million young people came together to hear the rock stars. This peaceful Woodstock concert was the most important musical event of the 1960s. After World War Ⅱ a great number of black people moved from the South to the big industrial cities like New York, Detroit, and Philadelphia. Many black people lived in poor parts of the city such as Harlem in New York. Musicians wrote and sang about life in the big cities. Life was difficult but music and dancing made it a little easier. Popular black music had a strong beat for dancing. At first this music was called rhythm and blues. The 1960s called it soul. In Detroit, a black musician named Berry Gordy set up an all black record company. It was called Motown. Motown or motor town is another name for Detroit, where cars are made. Most of the famous soul musicians like the Supremes, the Temptations, and the Jackson Five recorded with Motown.

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单选题A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man was written by [A] Henry James [B] James Joyee [C] William Butler Yeats [D] Herbert George Wells

单选题Nonverbal communication is important for

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单选题Paragraph 3 points out that the Lakes ______.

单选题Computers are now being pushed into schools. We know that multimedia will make (21) easy and fun. Children will happily learn from (22) characters while taught by expertly (23) software. Who needs teachers when you've got (24) education? These expensive toys are difficult to use in the classrooms and (25) extensive teacher training. Sure, kids love video games (26) think of your own experience: can you (27) even one educational filmstrip of many years ago? I'll (28) you remember the two or three great teachers who made a (29) in your life. Then there's cyberbusiness. We're promised (30) catalog shopping -- just point and click for great deals. We'll order airline tickets (31) the network, book restaurants and negotiate sales (32) . Stores will become obsolete. So how come my local mall does more (33) in an after- noon than the entire Internet (34) in a month? Even if there were a trustworthy way to (35) money over the Internet, the network is (36) a most essential ingredient of trade and commerce: salespeople. What's absent from this electronic wonderland? People contact. Computers and networks (37) us from one another. A network chat line is a limp (38) for meeting friends over coffee. No interactive multimedia display comes (39) to the excitement of a (40) concert. This virtual reality where frustration is legion and -- in the holy names of Education and Progress -- important aspects of human interactions are relentlessly devalued.

单选题Who's to blame? The trail of responsibility goes beyond poor maintenance of British railways, say industry critics. Stingy governments — both Labor and Tory —have cut down on investments in trains and rails. In the mid-1990s a Conservative government pushed through the sale of the entire subsidy-guzzling rail network. Operating franchises were parceled out among private companies and a separate firm, Railtrack, was awarded ownership of the tracks and stations. In the future, the theory ran back then, the private sector could pay for any improvements— with a little help from the state—and take the blame for any failings. Today surveys show that travelers believe privatization is one of the reasons for the railways' failures. They ask whether the pursuit of profits is compatible with guaranteeing safety. Worse, splitting the network between companies has made coordination nearly impossible. "The railway was torn apart at privatization and the structure that was put in place was ... designed, if we are honest, to maximize the proceeds to the Treasury," said Railtrack boss Gerald Corbett before resigning last month in the wake of the Hatfield crash Generally, the contrasts with mainland Europe are stark. Over the past few decades the Germans, French and Italians have invested 50 percent more than the British in transportation infrastructure. As a result, a web of high-speed trains now crisscrosses the Continent, funded by governments willing to commit state funds to major capital projects. Spain is currently planning 1000 miles of new high-speed track. In France superfast trains already shuttle between all major cities, often on dedicated lines. And in Britain? When the Euro-star trains that link Paris, London and Brussels emerge from the Channel Tunnel onto British soil and join the crowded local network, they must slow down from 186 mph to a maximum of 100 mph — and they usually have to go even slower. For once, the government is listening. After all, commuters are voters, too. In a pre-vote spending spree, the government has committed itself to huge investment in transportation, as well as education and the public health service. Over the next 10 years, the railways should get an extra ￡60 billion, partly through higher subsidies to the private companies. As Blair acknowledged last month, "Britain has been underinvested in and investment is central to Britain's future. " Yon don't have to tell the 3 million passengers who use the railways every day. Last week trains to Darlington were an hour late — and crawling at Locomotion No. 1 speeds.