单选题If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rashes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor." If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly, and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

单选题 {{I}}Questions 14—16 are based on the following passage about Catherine Gram. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14—16.{{/I}}

单选题 Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for or phrase each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules that summarize conveniently - {{U}}(21) {{/U}} qualitatively but quantitatively - how the world works. We might {{U}}(22) {{/U}} a universe in which there are no such laws, in which the 108 elementary particles that {{U}}(23) {{/U}} a universe like our own behave with utter and uncompromising abandon. To understand such a universe we would need a brain {{U}}(24) {{/U}} as massive as the universe. It seems {{U}}(25) {{/U}} that such a universe could have life and intelligence, because being and brains {{U}}(26) {{/U}} some degree of internal stability and order. But {{U}}(27) {{/U}} in a much more random universe there were such beings with an intelligence much {{U}}(28) {{/U}} than our own, there could not be much knowledge, passion or joy. {{U}} (29) {{/U}} for us, we live in a universe that has at least important parts that are knowable. Our common-sense experience and our evolutionary history have {{U}}(30) {{/U}} us to understand something of the workaday world. When we go into other realms, however, common sense and ordinary intuition {{U}}(31) {{/U}} highly unreliable guides. It is stunning that as we go close to the speed of light our mass {{U}}(32) {{/U}} indefinitely, we shrink toward zero thickness {{U}}(33) {{/U}} the direction of motion, and time for us comes as near to stopping as we would like. Many people think that this is silly, and every week {{U}}(34) {{/U}} I get a letter from someone who complains to me about it. But it is virtually certain consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einstein's {{U}}(35) {{/U}} analysis of space and time called the Special Theory of Relativity. It does not matter that these effects seem unreasonable to us. We are not {{U}}(36) {{/U}} the habit of traveling close to the speed of light. The testimony of our common sense is suspect at high velocities. The idea that the world places restrictions on {{U}}(37) {{/U}} humans might do is frustrating. Why shouldn't we be able to have intermediate rotational positions? Why can't we {{U}}(38) {{/U}} faster than the speed of light? But {{U}}(39) {{/U}} we can tell, this is the way the universe is constructed. Such prohibitions not only {{U}}(40) {{/U}} us toward a little humility; they also make the world more knowable.

单选题Questions 17—20 are based on the following dialogue. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17—20.

单选题HowmuchisthedamagedonetotheUnitedStateseachyearbyredants?A.3billiondollars.B.4billiondollars.C.5billiondollars.D.6billiondollars.

单选题 Questions 11-13 are based on the following monologue introducing the library. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.

单选题According to Paragraph 5 ,Saudi Arabia is

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} If you are what you eat, then you are also what you buy to eat. And mostly what people buy is scrawled onto a grocery list, those ethereal scraps of paper that record the shorthand of where we shop and how we feed ourselves. Most grocery lists end up in the garbage. But if you live in St. Louis, they might have a half-life you never imagined, as a cultural document, posted on the Internet. For the past decade, Bill Keaggy, 33, the features photo editor at The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, has been collecting grocery lists and since 1999 has been posting them online at www.grocerylists.org. The collection, which now numbers more than 500 lists, is strangely addictive. The lists elicit twofold curiosity — about the kind of meal the person was planning and the kind of person who would make such a meal. What was the shopper with vodka, lighters, milk and ice cream on his list planning to do with them? In what order would they be consumed? Was it a he or a she? Who had written "Tootie food, kitten chow, bird food stick, toaster scrambles, coffee drinks"? Some shoppers organize their lists by aisle; others start with dairy, go to cleaning supplies and then back to dairy before veering off to Home Depot. A few meticulous ones note the price of every item. One shopper had written in large letters on an envelope, simply, "Milk". The thin lines of ink and pencil jutting and looping across crinkled and torn pieces of paper have a purely graphic beauty. One of life's most banal duties, viewed through the curatorial lens, can somehow seem pregnant with possibility. It can even appear poetic, as in the list that reads "meat, cigs, buns, treats". One thing Keaggy discovered is that Dan Quayte is not alone — few people can spell bananas and bagels, let alone potato. One list calls for "suchi" and "strimp" . "Some people pass judgment on the things they buy. " Keaggy says. At the end of one list, the shopper wrote "Bud Light" and then "good beer". Another scribbled "good loaf of white bread". Some pass judgment on themselves, like the shopper who wrote "read, stay home or go somewhere, I act like my morn, go to Kentucky, underwear, lemon. "People send messages to one another, too. Buried in one list is this statement: "If you buy more rice, I'll punch you. "And plenty of shoppers, like the one with both ice cream and diet pills on the list, reveal their vices.

单选题Questions 17-20 are based on the introduction to the Statue of Liberty. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17--20.

单选题Read the following text. Answer the questions below the text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version or science fiction, they began to come close. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent {{U}}gizmos{{/U}} whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands only. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world." Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year of 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer system on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know how we do that.

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单选题 {{I}}Questions 11-13 are based on the following monologue introducing Jane Austen. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.{{/I}}

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