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单选题Security and commodity exchanges are trading posts where people meet who wish to buy or sell. The exchanges themselves do no trading; they merely provide a place where prospective buyers and sellers can meet and conduct their business. Wall Street, although the best known, is not the only home of exchanges in the United States. There are the cotton exchanges in New Orleans and Chicago; the Mercantile Exchange, which deals in many farm products, in Chicago; and grain exchanges in many of the large cities of the Midwest. Some exchanges, like the Chicago Board of Trade, provide market services for several kinds of products. These trading posts where products may be bought or sold are called commodity exchanges. The security exchanges, on the other hand, are meeting places where stocks and bonds are traded. Like the commodity exchanges, they help serve the economic life of the country. But when their operations get out of hand, they may become very dangerous. In 1929, the security exchanges, or stock market, contributed to a crash-a sudden, sharp decline in the value of securities. Many people lost fortunes; many corporations were bankrupted; many workers lost their jobs. The Crash of 1929 has been attributed to many causes, among them were wild and unwise speculation by many people and dishonest practices on the part of some businessmen and of some members of the exchanges. Today, however, investing through security exchanges and trading on commodity exchanges have been made safer by regulations set up by the exchanges themselves and by regulations of the United States government. In 1922, the government instituted the Commodity Exchange Commission which operates through the Department of Agriculture; and in 1934, the Securities and Exchange Commission, to protect investors and the public against dishonest practices on the exchanges.

单选题Which of the following is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}} Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing (把……固定) legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon (放任). Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays-not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industry's and our recognition that protecting mankind's great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge. We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.

单选题What is the difference between baseball and golf?

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单选题It was 3:12 a.m. when nine-year-old Glenn Kreamer awoke to the smell of burning. Except for the crackling of flames somewhere below there was not a sound in the two-storey house at Baldwin, Long Island. With his father away on night duty at a local factory, Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother, his sister Karen, 14 and his 12-year-old brother Todd. He ran downstairs through the smoke filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped each one through the house to the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths and coughing, collapsed on the lawn. The nine-year-old raced back into the house and upstairs to his mother's room. He found it impossible to wake her up. Mrs. Kreamer, a victim of the smoke, was unconscious, and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden. But the boy remained calm and, as a fireman said later, "acted with all the self-control of a trained adult." On the bedroom telephone, luckily still wording, Glenn called his father and, leaving Mr. Kreamer to telephone the fire brigade and ambulance service, got on with the task of saving his mother. First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed. Then, with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the garden. He could hear the fire engine coming up, but how would the firemen find his mother in the smoke-filled house where flames had almost swallowed up the ground floor? Grasping firmly a ball of string from the garage, Glenn raced back into the house and dashed upstairs to his mother's room. Tying one end of the string to her hand he ran back, laying out the string as he went, through the hall and back out into the garden. Minutes later he was telling fire chief John Coughlan: "The string will lead you to mother." Mrs. Kreamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedroom floor.

单选题 We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system. Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists' suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression. One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader re-exposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.

单选题{{B}}Part B{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Recently, the World Health Organization carries out a study over 70,000 teens in 34 nations. The study is among school children aged from 13 to 15 years old of many countries in North and South America, Asia, Europe,. the Middle East and so on. The result is beyond expectation. 61) {{U}}American children aren't the only couch potatoes with nearly one third of children globally spending three hours a day or more watching TV or on computers.{{/U}} Regina Guthold of the World Health Organization in Geneva and her colleagues found most children aren't getting enough exercise. There is no difference among the children who live in rich countries and poor countries. Guthold said. 62) {{U}}"Growing up in a poor country does not necessarily mean that kids get more physical activity. "{{/U}} Adequate physical activity is defined as at least an hour of exercise outside of gym class at least five days a week. 63) {{U}}Apart from time in school or time spent doing homework, child who spends three or more hours a day watching TV is classified as sedentary.{{/U}} According to the above standard, only one quarter of the boys and 15 percent of the girls were getting enough exercise. 64) {{U}}A quarter of boys and nearly 30 percent of girls were sedentary and didn't get enough exercise with girls less active than boys in every country aside from Zambia.{{/U}} Uruguay had the active boys as high as 42 percent, while Zambia had the lowest, at 8 percent. 65) {{U}}Girls from India was the most active, with 37 percent meeting exercise recommendations, while girls from Egypt were the least active, with just 4 percent getting adequate exercise.{{/U}} The most sedentary nations were St. Lucia and the Cayman Islands. 58 percent of boys and 64 percent of girls spent at least three hours a day in sedentary activities. The least sedentary nation was Myanmar. In this country only 13 percent of boys and 8 percent of girls classified as sedentary. The study didn't give us a detailed reason about the various situations. Guthold speculated that urbanization could be a factor as well as access to cars and TVs.

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单选题I ______ in Canada from 1993 to 2003 when I was working for IBM. [A] live [B] have lived [C] lived

单选题Which of the following ways to handle crimes is not mentioned?

单选题Cairo is______.

单选题 Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. How many different kinds of emotions do you feel? You may be {{U}}(21) {{/U}} to find that it is very hard to specify all of them. Not only {{U}}(22) {{/U}} hard to describe in words, they are difficult to {{U}}(23) {{/U}}. As a result, two people rarely {{U}}(24) {{/U}} all of them. However, there are a number of {{U}}(25) {{/U}} emotions that most people experience. When we receive something that we want, or something happens {{U}}(26) {{/U}} we like, we usually feel joy or happiness. Joy is a positive and powerful emotion, {{U}}(27) {{/U}} for which we all strive. It is natural to want to be happy, and all of us {{U}}(28) {{/U}} happiness. As a general {{U}}(29) {{/U}}, joy occurs when we reach a {{U}}(30) {{/U}} goal or obtain a desired object. {{U}} (31) {{/U}} people often desire different goals and objects, it is {{U}}(32) {{/U}} that one person may find joy in repairing an automobile, {{U}}(33) {{/U}} another may find joy in solving a math problem. Of course, we often share {{U}}(34) {{/U}} goals or interests, and therefore we can experience joy together. This may be in sports, in the arts, in learning, in raising a family, or in {{U}}(35) {{/U}} being together. When we have difficulty {{U}}(36) {{/U}} desired objects or reaching desired goals we experience {{U}}(37) {{/U}} emotions such as anger and grief. When little things get in our way, we experience {{U}}(38) {{/U}} frustrations or tensions. For example, if you are dressing to go out {{U}}(39) {{/U}} a date, you may feel frustration when a zipper breaks or a button fails off. If you really want something to happen, and you feel it {{U}}(40) {{/U}} happen, but someone or something stops it, you may become quite angry.

单选题There are a lot of students here, none of ______ like the film. A. who B. whom C. which D. that

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. {{B}}Questions 11—13 are based on the passage about ice phrases. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11—13.{{/B}}